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And Rosta scripsit: > My first thought was "But that's obviously merely a question of the > scope of the existential quantifier" ("Bring it about that there are > nails that you hand me" v. "There are nails that I command you hand > me"), So it is, but Gua\spi doesn't have explicit machinery for quantifiers and bound variables any more than English does: though a descendant of Loglan, it is in a very real sense not a loglan. > "A minute ago, I ate an apple (any apple)" > > would mean. If you could find a sensible interpretation for that, then > the guaspi gadri would be vindicated. I think the only sensical interpretation > is to read it as Unique: if "I ate x" is true of > any apple, and if x is an apple, then there must be exactly one > apple. The trouble with this and similar examples is that the unrestricted use of "any" they show is simply alien to my English, and I have little or no intuition about it. For me, "I am married to any woman" is quite ungrammatical. > I wish that Loglan had had the good sense to use jimc's ideas, instead > of casting him out as a heretic. Jimc was the xorxes of his day: prolific author in a variant dialect. > I suppose that Lojban's excuse was > that it was constituted to just finish of JCB Loglan and no more than > that, except in the addition of sundry sorts of cruft like attitudinals > that Lojbab now and again crows about. Grumpy today, aren't we. Gua\spi, from the Lo??an perspective, discards the baby with the bathwater. -- John Cowan jcowan@hidden.email www.ccil.org/~cowan www.reutershealth.com "In computer science, we stand on each other's feet." --Brian K. Reid