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Nick Nicholas scripsit: > The president of the U.S. will always be a Republican. > > 1. If 'the president' refers to its extension (the guy currently > holding the office, W), then this is merely saying that W will always > be a Republican. Not a startling claim. > > 2. If 'the president' refers to the intension (whosoever the > officeholder shall be at any particular time, as a function mapping > time and world to any individual holding the office), that means > there will never be a Dem prez. [snip] > ... So which of the two does > > lo merjatna baroroi prenrnrepubikana > > mean? Both? The latter? Well, "lo merjatna" means that this is "some president" rather than "the president": could be equally well Shrub or Herbert Hoover. Neglecting that, though, the regular left-to-right quantifier scope rule means that this is "Ex Atimes x is president", i.e. close to your interpretation 1. Interpretation 2 requires "baroroi[ku] lo merjatna cu prenrnrepublikana", so the claim in CLL that it's always safe to move tense+ku around the bridi at random is false and needs to be corrected. A truthful sentence of this type is "roroiku lo merjatna cu jbena fo lo mergu'e" (the U.S. Constitution requires the President to be native-born). -- Said Agatha Christie / To E. Philips Oppenheim John Cowan "Who is this Hemingway? / Who is this Proust? jcowan@hidden.email Who is this Vladimir / Whatchamacallum, http://www.reutershealth.com This neopostrealist / Rabble?" she groused. http://www.ccil.org/cowan --author unknown to me; any suggestions?