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After going through about 5-7 versions of the Les Miserables quote, i finally got it finished and up on the web. And then i realized that I made another mistake. AFTRÎ "other" should be IFTRÎ. There're two Hebrew sound changes from the first millenium CE that i wanted to put into Jûdajca. One is the above one, that turns pre-accent closed-syllable /a/ into /i/ - which is why in the Greek biblical texts the person called in Hebrew _Shimshon_ is called _Samson_ ~ Greek, having written the vowels down, didn't go through any such change, while Hebrew, between the time of the translations and the later Masoretic standardization of vowel signs had gone through a sound shift, so put in the vowel sign for /i/ since that's how they pronounced it then. The other is almost the opposite - it turns accented closed-syllable /i/ into /a/, which is why we pronounce the name of the Pelishti (Philistine) city-state of _Git_ as _Gat_ (Gath?)...i think that one happened earlier, but maybe it was still going on when Jûdajca appears on the scene Over There. If anyone has a better source for the sound shifts (i think my copy of Professor Rendsburg's article on the phonology of Ancient Hebrew is in a storage place somewhere), please tell me. And i decided that the /m/ in _*ammâl_ isn't geminated after all, it's just _amâl_. The inter-language changes in wordform that would lead to that only occur when the forming Jûdajca word fits a Hebrew or Aramaic word pattern - and CaC²âC is an agentive noun pattern, which the verb _amâl_ wouldn't assimilate into. -Stephen (Steg) "Judah Maccabee / how was I to see / what you would mean to me?" ~ _judah maccabee_ by safam ________________________________________________________________ GET INTERNET ACCESS FROM JUNO! Juno offers FREE or PREMIUM Internet access for less! Join Juno today! For your FREE software, visit: http://dl.www.juno.com/get/tagj.