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John: >And Rosta scripsit: > >> I don't have a solution, but any solution must reflect that fact, >> and also the fact that I can say: >> >> Each of my books will be about the same battle. >> Each of my books will be about a different battle. >> >> (without knowing which battles). So I conclude that >> >> Each of my books will be about a battle. >> >> is as ambiguous as a nonintensional example like "Each boy will >> kiss a girl". > >Why can't the battle-books be handled by quantifier scope, just as >the girl-kissing boys are? > >roda poi mibycukta de poi -battle zo'u da -about de >de poi -battle roda poi mibycukta zo'u da -about de They should be handled in an analogous way, but the important point here is that the opaque reading (of "a battle") can apply to each. The lesson is that we can't do opaque readings by using Unique (or lö'ei). I will post more on this at the weekend. >> If we didn't bother about the intensional/extensional >> distinction on selbri, then we can simplify to: >> >> -fears LEdu'u ro me LA superman -is-to-be-feared >> >> -- -fears is a kind of 'fearful believing', a believing that >> causes the believer to feel afraid. > >It seems to me, though, that this reduction of fearing to believing >violates the psychological facts. When I stand atop a high building >and fear falling, I have no *beliefs* that are relevant -- in fact, my >belief is that I'm perfectly safe, but I experience fear of heights anyway. I don't think it is a distortion to say that you believe you're on top of a building a fall from which would kill you. I think it is generally accepted that many emotions have a propositional component. That said, I didn't intend to reduce fearing to believing. I meant to argue that the sort of fearing that gives rise to opaque readings is an emoting mixed with believing. >Similarly, I have no trouble saying that a mouse fears a cat, but >I have trouble attributing beliefs to the mouse. Yes, but can "This mouse is afraid of a cat" be given an opaque reading? --And. When words aren't enough - Vodafone live! A new world of colour, sounds, picture messages and information on your mobile. <a href="http://ad.doubleclick.net/clk;4909903;7724245;q?http://www.vodafone.co.uk/live";> Click here</a> to find out more.