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pc: > > So, what is current usage (if any): to deny (ko'a pu broda} do we > > use {ko'a pu naku broda} or {koa puroroi /roroi pu naku broda} (both > parse, > > but the break suggests that I want the first "throughout the whole past > ko'a > > does not broda" > > Yes, I want that one too. (but note that this is over specified compared to > my (2) case, as you explicitly state what is negated in bridi). > >> > I do? Oh, you mean (?) that it is being broda that is denied of ko'a > throughout the past, rather than what? That it is ko'a that is denied to be a > broda thoughout the past (suggesting that there is someone else that is a > past broda?)? Yes, that was the intended meaning, and I agree that was very badly expressed. I basically agree with all you say from a logical, that is explicit semantic, point of view. My point was to suggest that a separation of tense indication as "meta-inforamtion", which I grossly approximated with an and-conjunction, could be an elegant tool, providing the existence of adequate grammatical constructs, to emphasize the implicit semantic: in the case of negation, the emphasis is put on what is "the most negated", and induces the listener to derived true sub-statement from the negated one. {na'e} is the answer in most cases, but its scope may over-specified the focus of my negation. BTW, do you think {na'e} works to negate a tense tag? And also I am not sure of the relative scope of {na} and {pu} if any. Actually I am not sure how to translate your two examples: "it happens but not ever in the past" and "it happens but not always in the past" -- Lionel