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On Fri, Sep 14, 2012 at 11:43 PM, And Rosta <and.rosta@hidden.email> wrote: > > For "X knows Y to be the case", and other factive predicates, Y occurs in > the same world as the knowing. For "X believes Y to be the case", Y does not > necessarily occur in the same world as the believing. Perception verb > complements can have either interpretation: "She saw a tiger approaching > through the long grass" -- on one reading, there's a tiger approaching > through the long grass, and she see this happening; on another reading, > she's hallucinating, or maybe it's not a tiger but just a largeish cat. For > know/believe you could argue that the predicate specifies whether or not its > own event argument is necessarily in the same world as its x2; but you > wouldn't want to say that for perception verbs, unless for every perception > verb you had two versions, the knowy version and the believey version. That seems like a different issue from whether a tiger in a film can be said to be a tiger or not. It seems to me that "she saw (what she thought was) a tiger" is not very different from "she was talking to (who she thought was) John", even if this is more common with perception verbs. ma'a xrxe