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--- In ceqli@yahoogroups.com, Rex May - Baloo <rmay@m...> wrote: --SNIP-- > First, attitudinals. > > Go froy ke zi sta ci. I'm happy that you are here. > This isn't an attitudinal construction, though. What we need is an > 'anti-ke' to make: > > Happily, you are here. The truth conditions are based on the truth of 'you > are here'. "happily" only shows our attitude towards that fact. If I think of this as "It is a happy thing that you are here", then I can understand. It isn't necessarily me that is happy; it is the indefinite 'it'; the same 'it' that rains or is cold, I guess. > Again, > it's a separate statement, of sorts. So: > > Perhaps xu as that particle. > > Froyxu zi sta ci. Happily, you are here. > Bontalixu, zi sta ci. Unfortunately, you are here. (Correction: 'Fortunately, you are here.') Could we achieve the same thing just by omitting a subject from the independent clause and retaining the "ke": "Froy ke zi sta ci." '[It is] happy that you are here.' "Xur ke zi sta ci." '[It is] certain that you are here.' Or assign "xu" as this indefinite 'it', so that it's exactly parallel to the construct when a specific person has this attitude? "Xu bontali ke zi sta ci." 'It is fortunate that you are here.' "Go bontali ke zi sta ci." 'I am fortunate that you are here.' ---Krawn