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--- In romconlang@yahoogroups.com, Carl Edlund Anderson <cea@...> wrote:
>
>
> OK, I have completed a first pass at the complete "Nemedian
> Chronicles" quotation from the open of R.E. Howard's _The Phoenix on
> the Sword_ (available at: <http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/
> The_Phoenix_on_the_Sword/Chapter_I>) into my Aqilonian/Aqileian proto-
> language, which is intended to be an "alternate Proto-Italic", itself
> ancestral to two daughter languages/dialects, Kuriac and Ausonic:
>
> Sapi, nêr, qâi enter annons en qeis mariâ Atlantidim kiwitâtensqe
> splendêntens bibânt eti adskensom puklom Ariî, îâ-psi essied aiwotâss
> ne somnîsêt qamdô regnâ radiantâ kubâsênt tendentâ trâns ôrbim terrôm
> qomodo mantâ mobrâ sub stêrlâis -- Nemediâ, Ophir, Brythuniâ,
> Hyperboreâ, Zamorâ kom suâis thêminâis maurênâis forkfosqe arkânî
> obsessî wofnâis, Zingarâ kom suôd eqitâtûd, Koth qâi adjakesêt pâgois
> pastoralifos Shemes, Stygiâ kom suois sepulkrois kustôditois abo
> omfrais, Hyrkaniâ qosiia eqites vestiesênt akiâsiom wolûkriomqe
> ausomqe. Adqi regnom keltisemom Aqiloniâ esât, qâi en okkidente
> somniente regnâsêt. Ekke hoike wênit Kunognos Kimmeriânos, kapellôd
> melnôd, okolois thuskois, gladiôd en manûd, fûr, praidô, sîkarios, de
> treistitiais alakriaisqe grandifos, peri ad pinsere sodiom gemmâtom
> tersâsôm sub suois pedfos kalkeâtois.
>
> You can probably see that this is basically an archaic Latin, though
> I have tried to actually anticipate some features of Vulgar Latin and
> later Romance as well. In place of Latin words of Greek or other
> more mysterious origins, I have usually tried to create a suitably
> "Proto-Italic-style" word from IE sources.
>
> I am, to be honest, not terribly familiar with Classical Latin, and
> so I may have unintentionally screwed up some bits that were intended
> to be quite Latinate! Still, it should be relatively comprehensible
> (barring, perhaps, the neologisms that I created from IE sources).
>
>
> Below are the notes I made for my own reference regarding each word
> in the passage:
>
> sapi: 2nd imp. verb, basically standard Latin with -i restored.
> nêr: masc.voc.sg. r-stem noun, c.f. Oscan niir < PIE *h2nêr-.
> qâi: fem.nom.sg. relative pronoun, referring to aiwotâss. A qu-
> relative pronoun is used here in preference to a particle like PIE/
> Latin ut, retaining a more modern Romance feel (Spanish would use que
> here). The relative clause has verbs in the subjunctive.
> enter: preposition governing acc., showing failure of PIE *en- > L in-.
> annons: neut.acc.pl. showing retention -o-ns (Latin -ôs).
> en: preposition governing ablative, showing failure of PIE *en > L in.
> qeis: masc.abl.plural, governed by en but referring back to annons.
> (I may have this wrong!)
> mariâ: neut.nom.pl. i-stem noun. (The Proto-Italic antecedent of
> Latin mare is regularly reconstructed as *mari, though I don't
> understand the development /a/ from the regularly reconstructed PIE
> form *mori. Possibly Proto-Italic *mari is from a zero-grade form
> like *mr=i; PIE /r=/ before a vowel could apparently result in Latin /
> ar/. Alternatively, PIE *mo.CV- > PrIt *ma.CV-, as in PIE *mon-o- > L
> manus.)
> Atlantidim: acc.sg. i-stem noun, but this doesn't really belong,
> being an adapted Greek form in a context without Greek. Possibly I
> should reinterpret Atlantis as a plain nominative i-stem, and create
> acc.sg. Atlantim?
> kiwitâtens: fem.acc.pl. t-stem noun, showing retention of -e-ns
> (Latin -ês). PIE o-stem *keiw-o- apparently reformed as i-stem in
> Latin civis.
> -qe: post-positioned copulative particle.
> splendêntens: fem.acc.pl. present participle, showing retention of -e-
> ns (Latin -ês).
> bibânt: 3rd pl. past perf. subj. verb, basically standard Latin with
> long -â- restored.
> eti: copulative particle showing retention of final -i (Latin et).
> adskensom: masc.acc.sg. o-stem noun (from participle), governed by
> enter.
> puklom: masc.gen.pl. cf. Oscan acc.sg. puklum < PIE pu-tlo-;
> Aqilonian follows the Oscan model, and does not insert an anaptytic
> vowel as Latin apparently does in some similar cases, c.f. pôculum <
> pôcolom < pôclom < *peh3-tlo-.)
> Ariî: masc.gen.sg. jo-stem noun. This is a proto-Kûriac dialect form;
> Aqilonian also had alternative o-stem gen.sg. ending -osio, as found
> in Ausonic.
> îâ-psi: Internally declinable demonstrative pronoun, from îâ (Latin
> ea) + particle -psi, c.f. possible Continental Celtic -xsi < *-psi.
> (remodeled, non-internally declineable Latin ipsa).
> essied: 3rd s.g. imperf. subjunctive, basically the Latin form with
> restored -ied. This is really es + sied (> 3rd. pres. subj. sit) from
> PIE optative.
> aiwotâss: fem.nom.sg. t-stem, with *-t-s > -ss. (Or should I
> introduce a -z < *-t-s here?)
> ne: negative adverb.
> somnîsêt: 3rd sg. imperf. subj., basically the Latin verb form with
> PrIt *-sê- for Latin --ri- restored.
> qamdô: basically an archaized Latin quando.
> regnâ:
> radiantâ: neut.nom.pl. present participle.
> kubâsênt. 3rd pl. imperf. subj., basically the Latin verb form with
> PrIt *-sê- for Latin -re- restored.
> tendentâ: neut.nom.pl. present participle.
> trâns: Latin trans, analyzed as from earlier trams < *trHm=s instead
> of from a present participle form like *trântis.
> ôrbim: masc.acc.sg. i-stem noun.
> terrôm: masc.gen.pl. o-stem noun.
> qomodo: Basically Latin quomodo, being used as would Spanish como for
> a bit of a more modern Romance vibe.
> mantâ: neut.nom.pl. o-stem noun. Latin mantel(l)um may be a
> diminutive of mantum, possibly from a Celtic source (and I have
> Celtic-type conlangs in my world, though not Greek). I've used this
> word in preference to something based on pallium for no better reason
> really than that I live in Latin America, where the word manta, an
> alteration of manto < mantum is quite common, and I wanted to make a
> little linguistic tribute to it.
> mobrâ: neut.nom.pl. o-stem adj. (PIE modhro-).
> sub: Latin sub.
> stêrlâis. fem.abl.sg. a-stem noun, governed by preposition sub. The
> ablative is later retained in Kûriac, but lost in Ausonic.
> Nemediâ, Ophir, Brythuniâ, Hyperboreâ, Zamorâ: fem.sg. proper names.
> Ophir might be treated as indeclinable (as is frequently done with
> Hebrew names in biblical contexts).
> kom: basically archaicized Latin cum.
> suâis: fem.abl.pl. possessive pronoun.
> thêminâis: fem.abl.pl. a-stem noun < *dhêmnâ, showing Aquilonian
> initial /T-/ < /dh-/ in contrast to Latin initial /f-/ < /dh-/.
> Alternatively, I could use a form like wenâis (nom.sg. wenâ), an a-
> stem remodeled from neuter *gwenh2-.
> maurênâis: fem.abl.pl adj. This is formed from PIE *(h2)maur-o-
> "dark", as in Greek (a)mauros. I use here it in much the sense of
> Spanish "morena", a word probably to be associated with the name of
> the Moors, which itself may or may not be derived at least in part
> from Greek (a)mauros. Still, the sense fits, and Spanish "morena" is
> commonly used in a positive, affectionate sense, so I am letting this
> word into Aqilonian. The Latin -ênus suffix is probably a PIE -no-
> suffix originally affixed to stems in -es- > -ê- and then extended
> analogically; I let it remain so here.
> eti: copulative particle showing retention of final -i (Latin et).
> suois: masc.abl.pl possessive pronoun.
> forgfos: masc.abl.pl. root noun, nom.sg. forks (< *bhr=gh-s, c.f.
> Gmc. *burg-s or Proto-Goidelic *brig-s > OIrish bri). Alternatively
> forgâ, an a-stem from *bhr=gh-â (c.f. Gallo-Brythonic *brigâ), or
> forgos (remodeled o-stem like Greek purgos, itself a loan though
> perhaps from some unknown IE language), or forgis (remodeled as i-
> stem, as sometimes in Germanic).
> -qe: post-positioned copulative conjunction.
> arkânî: neut.gen.sg. I am guessing at a PrItalic -ei- underlying
> Latin -ê-. This is a proto-Kûriac dialect form; Aqilonian also had
> alternative o-stem gen.sg. ending -osio, as found in Ausonic.
> obsessî neut.gen.sg. past participle. This is a proto-Kûriac dialect
> form; Aqilonian also had alternative o-stem gen.sg. ending -osio, as
> found in Ausonic.
> wofnâis: fem.abl.pl. a-stem noun. I constructed this word from*
> h2/3webh- + -neh2. Latin aranea, though probably related to Greek
> arakhne, is from an unknown probably non-IE source.
> Zingarâ: fem.sg. proper name
> kom: basically archaicized Latin cum.
> suôd: masc.abl.sg. possessive pronoun.
> eqitâtûd: masc.abl.sg. u-stem noun.
> Koth. proper name, treated as indeclinable (as is frequently done
> with Hebrew names in biblical contexts).
> qâi: fem.nom.sg. relative pronoun (referring to "Koth", here treated
> as feminine simply on the model of the other names).
> adjakesêt:
> pâgois: masc.dat.pl. o-stem noun. Alternatively: agrois.
> pastoralifos: masc.dat.pl. adj.
> Shemes: here treated as a gen.sg. root noun. Alternatively, it could
> be treated as indeclinable (as is frequently done with Hebrew names
> in biblical contexts).
> Stygiâ: fem. proper noun
> kom: basically archaicized Latin cum.
> suois: neut.abl.pl. possessive pronoun.
> sepulkrois. neut.abl.pl. o-stem noun. Not sure about the origin of
> the Latin -cr-, presumably some kind of suffixation to pp. sepultus,
> but I'm guessing it is from the PrItalic period and therefore leaving
> it in place.
> kustôditois neut.abl.pl. past.part.
> abo: preposition (Latin ab), showing retention of final -o.
> omfrais fem.abl.pl. a-stem noun, governed by abo.
> Hyrkaniâ: fem proper noun
> qosiia: fem.gen.sg, referring to Hyrkania. Shows retention of -sy- (>
> Latin -i-).
> eqites: nom.pl.
> vestiesênt: 3rd pl. imperf. subj. verb, showing lack of rhotacism and
> retention of -ie- (Latin -î-).
> akiâsiom: neut.acc.sg., a suffixed derivative of akiês "point".
> wolûkriom: masc.acc.sg. Constructing an IE/Italic word for "silk" is
> fairly monstrous, but I used the model of Sanskrit kausheya, an -iyo-
> suffixed derivative of kosha ("sheath/pod/receptacle; membrane
> covering an egg; cocoon of a silk-worm"). For this sense, I picked
> PIE *welutrom > Latin involûcrum, Greek elutron as the source of an
> Aqilonian/Aqileian wolûkrom (Latin involûcrum without the in-
> prefix), and then tacked an -ios suffix onto it to create wolûkrios
> "silk".
> -qe: post-positioned copulative conjunction.
> ausom: neut.acc.sg., showing lack of rhotacism.
> -qe: post-positioned copulative conjunction.
> adqi: "but, however" (Latin atqui)
> regnom: neut.nom.sg.
> keltisemom: neut.nom.sg. superlative adj. Peter Schrijver, _The
> Reflexes of the Proto-Indo-European laryngeals in Latin_ (Amsterdam
> 1991, p. 406), implies that Latin celsus "high, towering" could have
> been an analogical reformation of an earlier Latin *cel-t-u-s < *kel-
> d- < PIE *kel- "to be prominent".
> Aqiloniâ: fem.sg. proper name.
> esât: 3rd sg. imperf verb.
> qâi: fem.nom.sg. relative pronoun.
> en: preposition governing ablative, showing failure of PIE *en > L in.
> okkidente: masc.abl.sg. noun (derived from pres.part).
> somniente: masc.abl.sg. pres. part.
> regnâsêt: 3rd imperf. subj. verb.
> ekke hoike: a construction anticipating Vulgar Latin formations such
> as those that produced forms like Spanish "aquí", though here with
> the archaic equivalent of Latin hûc "hither" instead of hîc "here".
> wênit: 3rd sg. perfect verb.
> Kunognos: the name "Conan" rendered in Proto-Celtic (> Primitive
> Irish *Kunagnas > Irish Conan); masc.nom.sg.
> Kimmeriânos: masc.nom.sg. adj.
> kapellôd: masc.abl.sg. o-stem noun (Latin capillus).
> melnôd: masc.abl.sg. o-stem adjective, nom.sg. meln-os/-â/-om (cf.
> Greek melâs, Latin zero-grade suffixed mulleus).
> okolois: masc.abl.pl. o-stem noun. I am not quite sure why original /
> k_w/ has become /k/ in this environment (presumably *ok_wolos > Latin
> oculus), but I have let it do so anyway.
> thuskois: masc.abl.pl. o-stem adjective (Latin fuscus, the Spanish
> descendent of which, hosco, can have the sense "sullen").
> gladiôd: masc.abl.sg. o-stem noun. As in Latin, this term is borrowed
> from a Celtic-style language (c.f. Proto-Celtic *kladjos). The
> native Aqilonian/Aqileian term would be, as in Latin, inherited ensis
> (c.f. PIE H2/3n=sis, a zero-grade i-stem).
> en: preposition governing ablative, showing failure of PIE *en > L in.
> manûd: fem.abl.sg. u-stem noun.
> fûr: masc.nom.sg. r-stem noun.
> praidô: masc.nom.sg. n-stem noun. Nom.sg. -ô is retained in Kûriac,
> but Ausonic analogically restores -on from the stem.
> sîkarios: masc.nom.sg. o-stem noun, suffixed derivative of sîkâ
> "dagger".
> kom: basically archaicized Latin cum.
> treistitiais: fem.abl.pl. a-stem noun.
> alakriais: fem.abl.sg. a-stem noun.
> -qe: post-positioned copulative conjunction.
> grandifos: fem.abl.pl. i-stem adj. (< PIE *gwrendh- "swell"),
> anticipating use of this form in Vulgar Latin.
> peri ad: construction anticipating Vulgar Latin forms like those
> which led to Spanish "para". Retention of final -i (Latin per, Greek
> peri). Alternatively, "pro ad" would also be possible, or I could
> anticipate the merge of Latin per and pro in Spanish por and use the
> Vulgar Latin style "por ad".
> pinsere: infinitive (Latin pinsere)
> sodiom: neut.acc.sg. o-stem noun, showing retained -d- for Latin -l-
> (Latin solium).
> gemmâtom: neut.acc.sg. o-stem adj. (from past participle).
> tersâsôm: fem.gen.pl. a-stem noun, showing retained -rs- for Latin -rr-.
> sub: Just Latin sub.
> pedfos: masc.abl.pl. consonant stem noun.
> kalkeâtois. masc.abl.pl. o-stem adj. (derived from past participle of
> kalkeo).
>
>
> Cheers,
> Carl
>
> --
> Carl Edlund Anderson
> http://www.carlaz.com/
>
I could actually read it with a fair amount of comprehension! Thank you.