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From: "Adam Walker" <carrajena@hidden.email>
> I'm trying to decide how to form passives in C-a and
> so, last night I was going through the grammar's and
> other scraps of info I have on various Romlangs. While
> [to be]+[past part.]+[gender/number agreement] seems
> to be, by far, the most wide spread formation
> appearing in at least Spanish, Italian, French,
> Occitan, Sardinian and Portugues and adopted in
> Romanian through French influence, other forms do
> exist.
[snip]
> What other ways are lurking out there? Which methods
> have you used in your langs? How does Arabic do it?
Old Ibran (not sure about later stages yet) uses a reflex of habere with the
past participle; e.g., from the babel text, "por céste cuse _ei_clamal_ le
nou~ne Babel".
Kibler's grammar of Old French says that while _estre_+ppl. was most common,
_avoir_ was sometimes used in OFr, with or without reflexive pronouns:
Parfitement _s'ad_ a Deu _cumandét_
"He commended himself sincerely to God"
A icel mot l'un a l'altre _ad clinét_
"After he said this, they bowed to each other"
...so I dont feel guilty about doing this >_<
*Muke!
--
http://www.frath.net/