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I'm trying to decide how to form passives in C-a and so, last night I was going through the grammar's and other scraps of info I have on various Romlangs. While [to be]+[past part.]+[gender/number agreement] seems to be, by far, the most wide spread formation appearing in at least Spanish, Italian, French, Occitan, Sardinian and Portugues and adopted in Romanian through French influence, other forms do exist. I found [venire]+[pp]+[g/n] and [andare]+[pp]+[g/n] in Italian [kerrere]+[pp] in Sardinian [andar]+[pp]+[g/n] and [ir]+[pp]+[g/n] and [vir]+[pp]+[g/n] in Portuguese which all follow the same pattern just with different verbs. Then there are da + [inf.] in Italian kene +[pp] in Sardinian which use prepositions. And there are the passive uses of the reflexive in Spanish Sardinian Romanian And the use of "on" in French. What other ways are lurking out there? Which methods have you used in your langs? How does Arabic do it? Adam