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Verb There is a broad division into two classes of verb: active/transitive and stative Active/Transitive These have an invariable stem and personal prefixes as subject markers: Sg 1 e 2 'y 3 i pl. 1 (incl) nu 1 (excl) nuvi 2 u 3 i A subgroup (verbal roots that begin with a vowel) adds j to the personal prefix (ej, 'yj, ij, nuj, nuvij, uj, ij). e.vareje `I walk (vareje)' 'y.vareje `you walk' Tense markers are added: bah (past), hy'yj (future); e.g. 'y.hateje.bah `you did', 'y.hateje.hy'yj `you will do'. There is also a continuative form hehi_n (<PNWR se(n)sim): e.hateje.hehi_n `I am doing' Objective Pronouns: first and second person forms precede the verb, third person forms follow: e.g. 'y me.uvije `you meet (uvije) me'; ly 'e.uvije `he meets you'; ej e.uvije ibar `I meet them'. Stative These are forms in which the independent pronoun precedes an adjectival or nominal stem: ej murv `I am sick'; 'y murv `you are sick'. Both types of verb are negated by means of nu'o?ne; nu'o.ej.uweje.ne `I don't wait'. The imperative is negated by nuwi? ne. There are, of course, numerous secondary tenses, e.g., a perfect with aveje; e.hateje aveje `I have done'; and a second future in ? wydyje; e.hateje.wydyje `I shall do'. A continuative is made with ej (< PNWR ens); ej.ereje ej.ej `I am eating'; lyj.ereje lyj.ej `He is eating'. NWR has to verbs meaning `to be'. (a) e.taje `I am at/in a place' (b) ej.ehe `I am (+adverb)'. There is no copula; `I am' + adjective or noun = juxtaposition: e.g., ej heniw `I am old'. Nouns may be marked for tense: -etejn `past', -ejn `future'; -bejado `expected and unfulfilled': jej.etejn `who was king'; jej.ejn `who will be king'; jej.bejado `who was expected to become king but did not'. Nominals marked for tense can be made from verbal roots with the particle kir: kir.uweje.rie_n `that which is desired'; kir.uweje.awva_n `that which was desired'; kir.uweje.epej `what will be desired'. Relative Clause -i_n: the referent is the subject or direct object of the relative clause: e.g., id umin ej runaje.i_n ivi `the man to whom I give'; id upir enije.ari_n.Nu `the village from which I came'. Other suffixes: -uweje Desiderative nu.ireje.uweje `we want to see' -budeje `be able to' 'yj.wukeje.budeje `you can speak' -wite' conditional tense in relative clauses 'yj.emeje.uweje.wite' huw id tah `if you want to buy (emeje) cheese (id tah)'