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And Rosta scripsit: > But in brief, the "FOR" creates > a logical abstraction such that the quantifier on the x2 is > *within* the abstraction. (For example, "This is a knife for > cutting a coconut" should not entail "There is a coconut that > this a knife for cutting".) I'm not sure I believe this. Let's talk about breadknives rather than mythical coconut knives (you need something more like an ax than a knife!), and let's look at the contingent falsity of the negated version of the implicature rather than the necessary truth of a positive implicature. I take it that this procedure is licit; if not, let's discuss it. I then rewrite your claim as saying: "This is a knife for cutting bread" is consistent with the falsity of "There is some bread that this is a knife for cutting". Now I admit that "There is some bread that this knife cuts" might be false, but if there is no bread whatsoever that this knife is suited to cut, then I deny that it is a breadknife. So as long as the "for" appears in both the original and the rewritten forms, I conclude there is no scoping problem. -- XQuery Blueberry DOM John Cowan Entity parser dot-com jcowan@hidden.email Abstract schemata http://www.reutershealth.com XPointer errata http://www.ccil.org/~cowan Infoset Unicode BOM --Richard Tobin