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And Rosta scripsit: > Mike S., On 01/10/2012 18:19: > > Binding a variable to nothing, particularly when the restriction > > says nothing as in "sa bbbe ...", is unsettling, though "sa bbba > > ccce" is probably not so terrible as to be worth the trouble of > > fixing. > > It's as easy to prohibit it as to allow it. Prohibiting it, however, means that certain reasoning steps permitted by ordinary FOPL cannot be represented in Xorban without ungrammaticality. In particular, given a well-formed formula of predicate logic, it is always possible to prefix it by a quantifier binding any variable, whether or not that variable is free in the formula. IMHO, what is possible in FOPL should be possible in Xorban. -- But you, Wormtongue, you have done what you could for your true master. Some reward you have earned at least. Yet Saruman is apt to overlook his bargains. I should advise you to go quickly and remind him, lest he forget your faithful service. --Gandalf John Cowan <cowan@hidden.email>