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I've been looking thru other logical languages to see how names are dealt with, and I must admit to having a problem with the whole name thing. It seems to me that there's a class of words that are undisputably proper names, words that certainly aren't, and some fuzzy things in between. It may be easier to think of it this way: A name and a nonname can have the same form, but with a different meaning. That is, Sitting Bull is not a sitting bull. A logical language should be able to show that difference. Now, in Ceqli, 'japan' is 'go-bread', whatever that may mean, but we also want to use it as a name of the country. Just saying 'japanhaim' isn't the answer, because it means a country of go-bread and we don't want that. So, taking a bound-morpheme suffix like 'zo,' that specifically means 'the word this is attached to is a name' would do the job, I think. Japanzo means 'japan.' Now, I think that in guaspi, Carter considers a name to be a sort of pronoun, which is interesting. Names do act that way to a large extent. But names can also act in non-pronoun ways. They can have adjectives like 'japanese' derived from them. So by not using a 'ti' to mark a name, but the -zo suffix, we make a name into a kernel, a unit, that can be operated on by other things. Go ten japanzo sa kimono. I have a Japanese kimono. Go bol japanzobol. I speak Japanese. Gosa frerzbano da japanzojino. My brother in law is a Japanese. So these compounds are _not_ names, but words _derived_ from names. All that works for names of countries. BTW, we can also make it clear, if necessary, that we're naming a country by using the haim. Japanhaimzo. Same applies to other geographical things. Xikagoceqzo. Chicago(city). Same for rivers, mountains, states, etc. For people, same thing, I think. We do have the problem of brand names. Sonizo pa bana ci xin. Sony invented this machine. Ci xin be sonizoba. This machine is a Sony(thing). Go ten forduzotomo. (forduzoba) I have a Ford. What am I leaving out? And is there a problem with names like Henri forduzo. Should it be henrizo forduzo? Or do we need a particle that links the name elements together. Maybe a hyphen. -- Rex F. May (Baloo) Visit my website at: http://homepage.mac.com/rmay/ Great leadership training for boys at: http://afewgoodkids.com Strange language from an alternate universe at: http://www.geocities.com/ceqli/Texperanto.html