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Right. Here's the attachment. -- Rob Speer
01436 Lojban gismu list 9/26/94 01436 Draft dictionary rebaseline posted for review; Logflash format compatible Note: Metaphor usage risks cultural neutrality; physical attributes are safest. Use place structures. rafsi list baselined as of this date. Note: a complete set can be partially specified with etcetera (ce zo'e)
no non 0 digit/number: 0 (digit) 3a 0 [nothing (= nomei, but also nozu'i)]
milti mil .001 metric 'milli' x1 is a thousandth [1/1000; 1x10**-3] of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units) ae 0 (cf. grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, molro, kelvo, xampo, gradu. litce, merli, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, megdo, mikri, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro)
centi cen .01 metric 'centi' x1 is a hundredth [1/100; 1x10**-2] of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units) ae 3 (cf. grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, molro, kelvo, xampo, gradu. litce, merli, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro)
decti dec .1 metric 'deci' x1 is a tenth [1/10; 1x10**-1] of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units) ae 0 (cf. grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, molro, kelvo, xampo, gradu. litce, merli, centi, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro)
pa pav 1 digit/number: 1 (digit) 3a 0
dekto dek 10 metric 'deka' x1 is ten [10; 1*10**1] of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units) ae 0 (cf. grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, molro, kelvo, xampo, gradu. litce, merli, centi, decti, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro)
xecto xet cto 100 metric 'hecto' x1 is a hundred [100; 1x10**2] of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units) ae 6 (cf. grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, molro, kelvo, xampo, gradu. litce, merli, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xexso, zepti, zetro)
kilto ki'o 1000 metric 'kilo' x1 is a thousand [1000; 1x10**3] of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units) ae 0 (cf. grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, molro, kelvo, xampo, gradu. litce, merli, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro, minli)
picti pic 1E-12 metric 'pico' x1 is a trillionth [1x10**-12] of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units) ae 0 (cf. grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, molro, kelvo, xampo, gradu. litce, merli, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro)
terto tet 1E12 metric 'tera' x1 is a trillion [1x10**12] of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units) ae 0 (cf. grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, molro, kelvo, xampo, gradu. litce, merli, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro)
femti fem 1E-15 metric 'femto' x1 is 1x10**-15 of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units) ae 0 (cf. grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, molro, kelvo, xampo, gradu. litce, merli, centi, decti, dekto, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro)
petso pet 1E15 metric 'peta' x1 is 1x10**15 of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units) ae 0 (cf. grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, molro, kelvo, xampo, gradu. litce, merli, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro)
xatsi xat 1E-18 metric 'atto' x1 is 1x10**-18 of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units) ae 0 (cf. grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, molro, kelvo, xampo, gradu. litce, merli, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro)
xexso xex 1E18 metric 'exa' x1 is 1x10**18 of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units) ae 0 (cf. grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, molro, kelvo, xampo, gradu. litce, merli, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, zepti, zetro)
zepti zep 1E-21 'zepto' x1 is 1x10**-21 of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units) ae 0 (cf. grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, molro, kelvo, xampo, gradu. litce, merli, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zetro)
zetro zet 1E21 'zetta' x1 is 1x10**21 of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units) ae 0 (cf. grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, molro, kelvo, xampo, gradu. litce, merli, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti)
gocti goc 1E-24 'yocto' x1 is 1x10**-24 of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units) ae 0 (cf. grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, molro, kelvo, xampo, gradu. litce, merli, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gotro, kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro)
gotro got 1E24 'yotta' x1 is 1x10**24 of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units) ae 0 (cf. grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, molro, kelvo, xampo, gradu. litce, merli, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro)
mikri mik 1E-6 metric 'micro' x1 is a millionth [1x10**-6] of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units) ae 0 (cf. grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, molro, kelvo, xampo, gradu. litce, merli, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, megdo, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro)
megdo meg 1E6 metric 'mega' x1 is a million [1x10**6] of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units) ae 0 (cf. grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, molro, kelvo, xampo, gradu. litce, merli, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro)
nanvi nav 1E-9 metric 'nano' x1 is a billionth/thousand-millionth [1x10**-9] of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units) ae 0 (cf. grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, molro, kelvo, xampo, gradu. litce, merli, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro)
gigdo gig gi'o 1E9 metric 'giga' x1 is a billion [British milliard] [1x10**9] of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units) ae 0 (cf. grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, molro, kelvo, xampo, gradu. litce, merli, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gocti, gotro, kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro)
re rel 2 digit/number: 2 (digit) 3a 0
se sel 2nd conversion 2nd conversion; switch 1st/2nd places 2a 0
ci cib 3 digit/number: 3 (digit) 3a 0
te ter 3rd conversion 3rd conversion; switch 1st/3rd places 2a 0
vo von 4 digit/number: 4 (digit) 3a 0
ve vel 4th conversion 4th conversion; switch 1st/4th places 2a 0
mu mum 5 digit/number: 5 (digit) 3a 0
xe xel 5th conversion 5th conversion; switch 1st/5th places 2a 0
xa xav 6 digit/number: 6 (digit) 3a 0
ze zel 7 digit/number: 7 (digit) 3a 0
bi biv 8 digit/number: 8 (digit) 3a 0
so soz 9 digit/number: 9 (digit) 3a 0
betfu bef be'u abdomen 'belly' x1 is a/the abdomen/belly/lower trunk [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: midsection] 1c 9 [also stomach (= djaruntyrango), digestive tract (= befctirango, befctirangyci'e)]; (cf. cutne, livga, canti)
kakne ka'e able 'can' x1 is able to do/be/capable of doing/being x2 (event/state) under conditions x3 (event/state) 2e 154 [also: has talent; know how to; know how to use (= plika'e)]; (cf. stati, certu, gasnu (in the time-free potential sense), cmavo list ka'e, cmavo list nu'o, cmavo list pu'i, djuno, zifre)
gapru gap above 'up' x1 is directly/vertically above/upwards-from x2 in gravity/frame of reference x3 2d 202 (cf. tsani, galtu, cnita, drudi, gacri, dizlo, farna)
sucta suc abstract x1 (si'o) is abstracted/generalized/idealized from x2 [something concrete] by rules x3 9e 5 (cf. fatci, xanri)
snuti nut accidental x1 (event/state) is an accident/unintentional on the part of x2; x1 is an accident 4c 26 (cf. zukte, cunso)
janta jat account x1 is an account/bill/invoice for goods/services x2, billed to x3 by x4 5g 4 (cf. jdima, vamji, vecnu, canja, jerna, dejni, jbera)
slami acid x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of acid of composition x2; (adjective:) x1 is acidic ah 0 [x2: composition including x2, which need not be complete specification]; (cf. slari, nimre)
kramu acre x1 is x2 local area unit(s) [non-metric] (default 1) by standard x3, x4 subunits af 0 (additional subunit places may be added as x5, x6, ...); (cf. rupnu, fepni, dekpu, gutci, minli, merli, bunda)
ragve rav across x1 is located across/on the other side of gap/boundary x2 from x3; x1 is opposite (fi) x3 3j 32 [also: x1 is over there (across/beyond zo'e); directly across/beyond a boundary/gap, generally at the shortest plausible distance on the other side of the boundary]; (cf. dukti, kuspe, bancu, kruca, cripu, pagre)
zukte zuk zu'e act x1 is a volitional entity employing means/taking action x2 for purpose/goal x3/to end x3 2e 148 [also acting at, undertaking, doing; agentive cause with volition/purpose; also x3 objective, end]; (cf. cmavo list zu'e, bapli, gunka, jalge, krinu, mukti, rinka, snuti, gasnu, fasnu, minji, prenu, ciksi, jibri, pilno, pluta, tadji, tutci)
zu'o zum activity abstract abstractor: activity (event) abstractor; x1 is abstract activity of [bridi] composed of x2 - (cf. zukte)
ca'a caz actually is modal aspect: actuality/ongoing event at 0 (cf. cabna, cmavo list ca)
jmina min add 'augment' x1 adds/combines x2 to/with x3, with result x4; x1 augments x2 by amount x3 5c 52 (cf. zmadu, banro, sumji, zenba, setca)
judri address x1 is an address of/are coordinates of x2 in system x3 5d 25 (cf. tcita, cmene, ciste, stuzi)
lamji lam la'i adjacent x1 is adjacent/beside/next to/in contact with x2 in property/sequence x3 in direction x4 2d 63 [also touching, contiguous, against]; (cf. zvati, cpana, jibni, diklo, stuzi, bartu, jbini)
stika tik adjust x1 (event) adjusts/regulates/changes x2 (ka/ni) in amount/degree x3 a 15 [non-resultative, agentive change]; (cf. cenba which need not be agentive, galfi which is agentive and resultative, binxo which need not be agentive but is resultative, zasni, stodi)
jadni jad ja'i adorn x1 (object) adorns/decorates x2; x1 is an adornment/decoration of x2; x2 is fancy/decorated 3f 64 [fancy/decorated (= selja'i)]; (cf. jemna, dirba, batke)
cuntu cu'u affair x1 is an affair/organized activity involving person(s) x2 (ind./mass); x1 is x2's business 8d 6 [also matter, concern; x2 is engaged in x1 (which is usually an abstraction) (= selcu'u for reordered places)] (cf. jikca, srana)
rafsi raf affix x1 is an affix/suffix/prefix/combining-form for word/concept x2, form/properties x3, language x4 1b 219 (cf. valsi, lujvo, pagbu)
lujvo luv jvo affix compound x1 (text) is a compound predicate word with meaning x2 and arguments x3 built from metaphor x4 1b 428 (cf. stura, cmavo, gismu, rafsi, smuni)
friko fi'o African x1 reflects African culture/nationality/geography in aspect x2 ab 3 (cf. ropno, xazdo)
tugni tug tu'i agree x1 [person] agrees with person(s)/position/side x2 that x3 (du'u) is true about matter x4 9c 54 (cf. sarxe, mapti, darlu, natfe, panpi, sarji)
vacri var air x1 is a quantity of air/normally-gaseous atmosphere of planet x2, of composition including x3 5g 30 (cf. gapci, kijno, trano, tumla, vasxu, xamsi)
vinji vij airplane x1 is an airplane/aircraft [flying vehicle] for carrying passengers/cargo x2, propelled by x3 7f 1 (cf. vofli, sabnu)
xalka xal alcohol x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of alcohol of type x2 from source/process x3 ah 1 (cf. birje, jikru, vanju)
jerxo jex Algerian x1 reflects Algerian culture/nationality in aspect x2 ab 1 (cf. friko, xrabo, muslo, fraso)
fange alien 'foreign' x1 is alien/foreign/[exotic]/unfamiliar to x2 in property x3 (ka) 6f 57 (cf. cizra, jbena, ckini)
jilka jil alkali x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of alkali/base of composition including x2 6f 2 [(adjective:) x1 is alkaline]; (cf. sodna, bakri, sodva)
da'a daz all except digit/number: all except n; all but n; (default 1) 7e 0
so'a soj almost all digit/number: almost all (digit/number) 7e 0
vlina alternation x1 is a logical alternation/disjunction, stating that x2 (du'u) and/or x3 (du'u) is/are true 7a 7 (cf. kanxe, cmavo list a, ja, gi'a, gu'a)
merko mer American x1 pertains to USA/American culture/nationality/dialect in aspect x2 1b 38 (cf. brito, bemro, ketco, xispo, glico)
ni nil amount abstract abstractor: quantity/amount abstractor; x1 is quantity/amount of [bridi] measured on scale x2 3b 0 (cf. klani)
xampo xap xa'o ampere x1 is x2 ampere(s) [metric unit] in current (default is 1) by standard x3 af 0 (cf. dikca, flecu, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro)
banfi amphibian x1 is an amphibian of species/breed x2 ai 4 (cf. danlu, respa)
zdile zdi amusing 'amused' x1 (abstract) is amusing/entertaining to x2 in property/aspect x3; x3 is what amuses x2 about x1 5g 79 [also: x1 occupies x2 pleasantly; x1 is fun for x2; x2 is amused by x1; x2 has fun (at) doing x1; x1 is an amusement/entertainment/[game] for x2]; (cf. cinri, panka, xajmi for 'funny', kelci)
lanli lal analyze x1 analyzes/examines-in-detail x2 by method/technique/system x3 [process/activity] 8c 21 (cf. catlu, zgana, jarco, pensi, pinka)
jganu jga angle x1 is an angle [2-dimensional shape/form] from vertex x2 subtended by lateral [segment] x3 7e 1 [also (adjective:) x1 is angular; x2 corner; (segment x3 can be defined by interval)]; (cf. kojna, linji, konju, mokca)
fengu feg fe'u angry x1 is angry/mad at x2 for x3 (action/state/property) 3c 40 (cf. fanza, dunku)
dunku duk du'u anguish x1 is anguished/distressed/emotionally wrought/stressed by x2 4d 25 (cf. fengu, surla)
danlu dal da'u animal x1 is an animal/creature of species x2; x1 is biologically animate 6c 61 (cf. banfi, cinki, cipni, finpe, jukni, respa, since, mabru, bakni)
fanza faz annoy x1 (event) annoys/irritates/bothers/distracts x2 a 46 [also: is disruptive to]; (cf. fengu, raktu, dicra, tunta, zunti, jicla)
danfu daf answer x1 is the answer/response/solution/[reply] to question/problem x2 1h 58 (cf. ciksi, frati, preti, nabmi, spuda for agentive response/reply, cpedu)
manti ant x1 is an ant of species/breed x2 ai 135 (cf. cinki, jalra)
dzipo zip zi'o Antarctican x1 reflects Antarctican culture/nationality/geography in aspect x2 ab 5 (cf. ketco, friko, sralo, terdi)
ganxo gax anus 'asshole/arsehole' x1 is a/the anus/anal orifice/asshole/arsehole [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: exit, waste exit] aa 4 [also asshole/ass/arsehole; (adjective:) x1 is anal]; (cf. zargu, kalci, mabla, rinci)
sepli sep sei apart 'separate' x1 is apart/separate from x2, separated by partition/wall/gap/interval/separating medium x3 6f 47 [also aloof (= jiksei); alone (= rolsmisei meaning apart or unlike all others of its kind; pavysei, seirpavmei meaning "only" or "one alone" - do not use when talking about, for example, two people who are alone); x3 space]; (cf. bitmu, snuji, senta, fendi, curve, jinsa, bitmu, marbi)
cabra ca'a apparatus x1 is apparatus/mechanism/device/equipment for function x2 controlled/[triggered] by x3 (agent) 7g 5 [form determined by/from function; does not imply automated/automatic action - requires an external agent/trigger (a minji may be a zmiku cabra if it requires an external agent to trigger or control the functions that it performs automatically)]; (cf. tutci, minji, finti; girzu, ganzu for organizational apparatus, pilno)
plise apple x1 is an apple [fruit] of species/strain x2 5b 8 (cf. grute)
zanru zar zau approve x1 approves of/gives favor to plan/action x2 (object/event) 8d 62 (cf. cmavo list zau, natfe)
xrabo rab Arabic x1 reflects Arabic-speaking culture/nationality in aspect x2 ab 2 (cf. sadjo, semto, lubno, rakso, sirxo)
bargu bag arch x1 arches/curves over/around x2 and is made of x3; x1 is an arch over/around x2 of material x3 9b 9 [also arc; x2 need not be an object, but may be a point or volume]; (cf. cripu, kruvi, korcu, condi)
gento get ge'o Argentinian x1 reflects Argentinian culture/nationality in aspect x2 ab 4 (cf. xispo, ketco, spano)
darlu dau argue x1 argues for stand x2 against stand x3; [an opponent is not necessary] 3j 57 (cf. fapro, jamna, sarji, talsa, sumti, tugni, casnu, damba, bradi, tavla)
sumti sum su'i argument x1 is a/the argument of predicate/function x2 filling place x3 (kind/number) 1b2373 (x1 and x2 are text); (cf. bridi, darlu, gismu)
birka bir arm x1 is a/the arm [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: branch with strength] 1c 57 [also elbow (= bircidni), wrist (= xanterjo'e), appendage (but jimca, rebla preferred)]; (cf. jimca, janco, xance, rebla)
jenmi jem jei army x1 (mass) is an army serving group/community x2 (mass) in function x3 (activity) a 13 (cf. bilni, sonci, xarci)
larcu lar art x1 (process) is an art [creative application] of craft/skill x2 (idea/activity) 8c 11 [(adjective:) x1 is artistic]; (cf. finti, zbasu, stati)
gadri gad article x1 is an article/descriptor labelling description x2 (text) in language x3 with semantics x4 2a 11 [x2 is the noun phrase/sumti without the article/descriptor; description ((x1 with x2) = gadysu'i); note: 'determiner' has become the accepted general linguistics term, displacing 'article'; however, 'determiner' includes all words that can introduce a noun phrase/sumti, whether a description or not, such as pronoun possessives like lemi, quantifiers (especially in indefinites) like ci and su'o, and demonstratives like ti, ta, and tu; the term 'descriptor' in Lojban, is limited to words that introduce descriptions (excluding indefinites), such as those of selma'o LA and LE, their common compounds such as lemi, and possibly lenu]; 'article' typically refers only to a single word; Lojban assumes the broader meaning] (cf. valsi, cmavo)
rutni run artifact x1 is an artifact; x1 is artificial; x1 is made/caused by people/se kulnu x2; x1 is man-made 6c 19 (cf. rarna, se zbasu, gundi, slasi)
ckeji kej cke ashamed x1 feels ashamed/mortified/humiliated under conditions x2 before community/audience x3 9d 2 (cf. cinmo)
xazdo xaz zdo Asiatic x1 reflects Asiatic culture/nationality/geography in aspect x2 ab 3 (cf. polno, friko, jungo, rusko, ropno)
xusra xus xu'a assert x1 (agent) asserts/claims/declares x2 (du'u) is true [can be used for epistemology of authority] 3j 91 [also: x1 states/says that/affirms/purports to know that x2]; (cf. natfe which is propositional and non-agentive, nupre)
sruma ru'a assume x1 assumes/supposes that x2 (du'u) is true about subject x3; [epistemology] 3l 5 [words usable for epistemology typically have a du'u place]; (cf. smadi, birti)
zvati zva at x1 (object/event) is at/attending/present at x2 (event/location) 4d 184 [refers to a nonce location for an object/activity that is mobile]; (cf. especially stuzi for an inherent/inalienable location, jbini, nenri, se vasru, cpana, diklo, jibni, cabna, lamji, tcini, xabju, jmive, jundi, vitke)
su'o suz su'o at least digit/number: at least (some); no less than 3a 0 (cf. cmalu, mleca)
su'e sup su'e at most digit/number: at most (all); no more than 3a 0
ratni rat atom x1 is an atom of element/atomic number x2 of isotope number/atomic weight x3 a 4 (cf. kantu for a basic unit of a property or activity; selci for a basic physical subunit, generally of a mass)
gunta gut attack x1 (person/mass) attacks/invades/commits aggression upon victim x2 with goal/objective x3 8g 21 (cf. bradi, damba, darxi, jamna, jenca, jursa)
jundi jud ju'i attentive 'attend' x1 is attentive towards/attends/tends/pays attention to object/affair x2 4d 76 (cf. kurji, zvati)
trina tri attract x1 attracts/appeals to/lures x2 (person/event) with property/quality x3 (ka) 7j 45 [also: x1 is alluring to x2]; (cf. djica, nelci, rigni, xlura, maksi)
darsi audacity 'dare' x1 shows audacity/chutzpah in behavior x2 (event/activity); x1 dares to do/be x2 (event/ka) a 6 [x1 is bold]; (cf. virnu)
famti aunt or uncle x1 is an aunt/uncle of x2 by bond/tie x3; x1 is an associated member of x2's parent's generation 4b 2 (cf. bruna, mamta, mensi, patfu, rirni, tamne)
sralo Australian x1 reflects Australian culture/nationality/geography/dialect in aspect x2 ab 5 (cf. glico)
catni ca'i authority x1 has authority/is an official in/on/over matter/sphere/persons x2 derived on basis x3 8c 6 (cf. turni, tutra, krati, cmavo list ca'i, jaspu, pulji)
zmiku zmi automatic x1 is automatic in function x2 under conditions x3 7g 1 (cf. macnu)
critu autumn x1 is autumn/fall [harvest/cooling season] of year x2 at location x3 3e 4 (cf. citsi, crisa, dunra, vensa, crepu)
rivbi riv avoid 'evade' x1 avoids/evades/shuns/escapes/skirts [fate] x2 (event) through action/state x3 (event) a 36 [also detours around, stays away from; (x1 is normally an object, but may be an event)]; (cf. bandu which is not necessarily successful, fanta, which is agentive, se jersi which implies an opposing agent, sisku, kalte, fapro)
cikna cik awake (adjective:) x1 is awake/alert/conscious 6m 47 (cf. sanji, sipna, tatpi)
jendu jed axle 'spindle' x1 is an axle/spindle [tool] on which x2 rotates, of material/properties x3 ao 1 (cf. se carna, gunro, tutci)
xlali xla bad 'mal-' x1 is bad for x2 by standard x3; x1 is poor/unacceptable to x2 2i 95 [be careful to distinguish between a bad/unacceptable event, and a bad/unacceptable agent: x1 does poorly (= lenu ko'a gasnu cu xlali and not normally ko'a xlali)]; (cf. palci, mabla, xamgu, betri)
lanxe lax balance x1 is in balance/equilibrium under forces x2 (mass) 7j 5 (cf. midju, nutli; fapro for balancing/opposing forces, nutli)
balni balcony x1 is a balcony/overhang/ledge/shelf of building/structure x2 a 0 (cf. kajna)
bolci bol boi ball x1 is a ball/sphere/orb/globe [shape/form] of material x2; x1 is a spherical object [made of x2] 9b 36 [also round]; (cf. bliku, cukla, bidju, gunro)
badna banana x1 is a banana/plantain [fruit/plant] of species/breed x2 aj 2 (cf. grute)
banxa bax bank x1 is a bank owned by/in banking system x2 for banking function(s) x3 (event) ap 0 (cf. sorcu, zarci, canja, kagni)
barja bar x1 is a tavern/bar/pub serving x2 to audience/patrons x3 ap 0 (cf. gusta, birje, jikru, sanmi, vanju, xotli, ckafi, se pinxe)
lunbe lub bare x1 is bare/naked/nude; x1 is without cover/clothes/[protection] a 17 (cf. taxfu, bandu)
bavmi barley x1 is a quantity of barley [grain] of species/strain x2 aj 3 (cf. gurni)
jicmu cmu basis x1 is a basis/foundation/underlying or fundamental principle of x2; x1 is at the bottom of x2 7j 56 [x2 is founded on basis x1 (= selcmu for reordered places); (adjective:) x1 is basic/basal/fundamental); (generally events and properties will be bases for events and states, while objects may be bases/bottoms for objects)]; (cf. cmavo list ji'u, jamfu, zbepi, genja, krasi)
lanka basket x1 is a basket with contents x2, woven from material x3 ao 0 (cf. vasru, baktu)
zbani bay x1 is a bay in/of coast/shoreline x2 6c 6 (cf. lalxu, xamsi)
bidju bead x1 is a bead/pebble [shape/form] of material x2 9b 19 (cf. bolci, canre, lakse, dirgo)
dembi deb bean x1 is a bean/pea/leguminous seed from plant [legume] x2 5b 47 (cf. grute, sobde, tsiju)
cribe rib bear x1 is a bear/ursoid of species/breed x2 ai 125 (cf. danlu, mabru)
melbi mel mle beautiful x1 is beautiful/pleasant to x2 in aspect x3 (ka) by aesthetic standard x4 6c 191 [also handsome, pretty, gorgeous, cute, comely, graceful]; (cf. pluka, xamgu)
binxo bix bi'o become x1 becomes/changes/converts/transforms into x2 under conditions x3 2c 217 [resultative, not-necessarily agentive, change]; (cf. cenba for non-resultative, galfi for agentive, stika for non-resultative, non-agentive change; zasni)
ckana cka bed x1 is a bed/pallet of material x2 for holding/supporting x3 (person/object/event) an 111 (cf. kamju, kicne, nilce, palta, cpana, vreta, jubme, stizu, matci, zbepi, palne, sarji)
bifce bic bee x1 is a bee/wasp/hornet of species/breed x2 ai 0 (cf. cinki, sfani, lakse)
birje beer x1 is made of/contains/is a amount of beer/ale/brew brewed from x2 2j 13 (cf. pinxe, barja, jikru, vanju, xalka, fusra)
pikci beg 'supplicate' x1 begs/pleads/supplicates/entreats/implores/beseeches/prays [asks with humility] x2 for x3 9c 11 [also importune, petition, plea, solicit; x2 benefactor, patron; x3 boon, favor, gift, alms] (cf. cpedu which is more general as to manner, pindi)
tarti tra behave x1 behaves/conducts oneself as/in-manner x2 (event/property) under conditions x3 9c 30 [also (adjective:) x1 is behavioral]; (cf. cnano, frati, tcaci, cilce, jikca, marde)
trixe rix ti'e behind x1 is posterior/behind/back/in the rear of x2 which faces/in-frame-of-reference x3 1e 29 [also: x3 is the standard of orientation for x2; spine (= rixybo'u, rixybo'ukamju)]; (cf. crane, rebla, mlana, pritu, zunle)
krici kri believe 'creed' x1 believes [without evidence/proof] belief/creed x2 (du'u) is true/assumed about subject x3 3l 99 ["without evidence" refers to objective external evidence; also gives credence, has conviction]; (cf. censa, cevni, lijda, makfa, malsi, senpi, birti)
janbe jab bell x1 is a bell/chime/[tuning fork] [tuned percussion instrument] producing sound/note x2 ao 0 [also: x1 rings/tolls (i.e. if it rings, then it is a bell); resonates (one sense, = jabdesku)]; (cf. zgike, tonga, desku, slilu)
cnita nit ni'a beneath x1 is directly/vertically beneath/below/under/underneath/down from x2 in frame of reference x3 2d 139 [also underside, nether]; (cf. dizlo, gapru, galtu, farna, loldi)
bengo beg Bengali x1 reflects Bengali/Bangladesh culture/nationality/language in aspect x2 ab 1 (cf. xindo)
korcu kro bent 'crooked, corkscrew' (adjective:) x1 is bent/crooked/not straight or direct/[twisted]/folded 6f 10 (cf. cinje, klupe, kruvi, polje, sarlu, sirji, bargu, genxu)
jbari jba berry x1 is a berry (fruit/plant) of plant/species x2 5b 12 (cf. grute, tsiju, narge, grute)
jbini bin bi'i between x1 is between/among set of points/bounds/limits x2 (set)/amidst mass x2 in property x3 (ka) 2d 28 [x2 (a complete set, generally ordered) defines the bounds/limits/range for x1]; (cf. se vasru, nenri, zvati, cpana, snuji, senta, bitmu, jimte, kuspe, jibni, lamji, sruri, vanbi, midju, cmima, setca)
bancu bac beyond x1 exceeds/is beyond limit/boundary x2 from x3 in property/amount x4 (ka/ni) 7j 7 [on the other side of a bound, but not necessarily directly 'across' nor at the shortest plausible distance (per ragve); also not limited to position in space]; (cf. dukse, ragve, zmadu, kuspe)
barda bra big 'large' x1 is big/large in property/dimension(s) x2 (ka) as compared with standard/norm x3 1e 318 (cf. banli, clani, ganra, condi, plana, cmalu, rotsu, banro, xanto)
cipni cpi bird x1 is a bird/avian/fowl of species x2 6c 119 (cf. datka, gunse, jipci, nalci, pimlu, vofli, xruki, danlu)
batci bat bite x1 bites/pinches x2 on/at specific locus x3 with x4 5c 83 [bite through (= ka'arbatci, batygre); pinch (= cinzybatci)]; (cf. denci, jgalu, guska, citka)
kurki bitter 'acrid' x1 is bitter/acrid/sharply disagreeable to observer/sense x2 6f 6 (cf. titla, slari)
xekri xek xe'i black x1 is black/extremely dark-colored [color adjective] 1a 47 (cf. blabi, grusi, manku, skari, xekri, kandi, carmi, blanu, bunre, cicna, crino, narju, nukni, pelxu, xunre, zirpu)
balre ba'e blade x1 is a blade of tool/weapon x2 a 3 (cf. dakfu, tunta, tutci, guska, kinli, katna)
bliku bli block x1 is a block [3-dimensional shape/form] of material x2, surfaces/sides x3 9b 8 [x3 sides/surfaces should include number, size, and shape; also polyhedron (= pitybli having flat/planar sides/surfaces)], regular polyhedron (= kubybli, blikubli), brick (= kitybli); (cf. tapla, kubli, tanbo, canlu, kojna, sefta, bolci, kurfa, tarmi)
ciblu blu blood x1 is blood/vital fluid of organism x2 4c 39 (cf. risna, flecu)
blanu bla blue x1 is blue [color adjective] 1a 132 (cf. skari, blabi, xekri, zirpu, kandi, carmi, cicna)
tanbo ta'o board x1 is a board/plank [3-dimensional long flat rectangle] of material x2 ao 1 (cf. bliku, kubli)
bloti lot blo lo'i boat x1 is a boat/ship/vessel [vehicle] for carrying x2, propelled by x3 7f 33 (cf. falnu, fulta, marce, jatna, sabnu)
xadni xad body x1 is a/the body/corpus/corpse of x2; (adjective:) x1 is corporal/corporeal 1c 80 (cf. menli, pruxi, sluji, mulno, cutne)
febvi feb boil x1 boils/evaporates at temperature x2 and pressure x3 a 9 [roil (= febjicla)]; (cf. dunja, lunsa, runme)
jbama bam bomb x1 is a bomb/explosive device with explosive material/principle x2 ao 0 (cf. cecla, spoja)
bongu bog bo'u bone x1 is a/the bone/ivory [body-part], performing function x2 in body of x3; [metaphor: calcium] aa 3 [x2 is likely an abstract: may be structure/support for some body part, but others as well such as the eardrum bones; the former can be expressed as (tu'a le <body-part>); cartilage/gristle (= ranbo'u), skeleton (= bogygreku)]; (cf. greku, denci, jirna, sarji)
cukta cku book x1 is a book containing work x2 by author x3 for audience x4 preserved in medium x5 1f 163 [x1 is a manifestation/container [a physical object or its analogue] of a work/content, not necessarily using paper (= selpapri)]; (cf. cfika, prina, prosa, tcidu, papri)
jbena jbe born 'bear' x1 is born to x2 at time x3 [birthday] and place x4 [birthplace]; x1 is native to (fo) x4 4b 77 [x2 bears/gives birth to x1; also x3: natal day]; (cf. fange, gutra, rorci, mamta, salci, citsi)
jbera jer borrow x1 (agent) borrows/temporarily takes/assumes x2 (object) from source x3 for interval x4 3m 6 [credit (= jernu'e); borrow/assume a property or quality as a chameleon does (= zaskai, zasysmitra, zasysmitai)]; (cf. dejni, janta, zivle)
botpi bot bo'i bottle x1 is a bottle/jar/urn/flask/closable container for x2, made of material x3 with lid x4 1f 79 (cf. baktu, lante, patxu, tansi, tanxe, vasru, gacri)
bakni bak bovine 'ox' x1 is a cow/cattle/kine/ox/[bull/steer/calf] [beef-producer/bovine] of species/breed x2 ai 8 (cf. danlu)
tanxe tax ta'e box 'trunk' x1 is a box/carton/trunk/crate for contents x2, and made of material x3 1f 40 (cf. bakfu, botpi, cutne, dacru)
nanla boy 'lad' x1 is a boy/lad [young male person] of age x2 immature by standard x3 4b 44 [word dispreferred in metaphor/example as sexist; (use verba)]; (cf. nixli, verba, nanmu, bersa)
besna ben brain x1 is a/the brain [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: intelligence, mental control] aa 17 [also cerebral]; (cf. menli, stedu, rango, pensi)
jabre brake x1 brakes/causes to slow motion/activity x2 with device/mechanism/principle x3 as 0 (cf. mosra)
jimca jic branch 'limb' x1 is a branch/bough/limb of x2; x2 forks into branches x1; [preferred over metaphorical birka] 6c 22 [also appendage]; (cf. birka, rebla, tuple)
lastu brass x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of brass [copper/zinc alloy] of composition including x2 ah 7 [(adjective:) x1 is brazen)]; (cf. jinme, ransu, tunka)
virnu vri brave 'valiant, virtue' x1 is brave/valiant/courageous in activity x2 (event) by standard x3 4c 46 (cf. terpa, darsi)
brazo raz Brazilian x1 reflects Brazilian culture/nationality/language in aspect x2 ab 1 (cf. porto, ketco)
nanba nab bread x1 is a quantity of/contains bread [leavened or unleavened] made from grains x2 5b 30 (cf. gurni, panlo, toknu)
porpi pop po'i break x1 breaks/fractures/shatters/[splits/splinters/cracks] into pieces x2 4c 36 (cf. xrani, spofu, se katna)
tatru tat breast 'teat' x1 is a/the breast/mammary/teat [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: projection providing liquid] aa 1 [nipple (= tatyji'o)]; (cf. ladru, mabru)
vasxu vax va'u breathe 'vascular' x1 breathes/respires x2 [gas] 4d 25 (though used to make the Lojban word, clue word vascular is erroneous, actually pertaining to the circulatory system that carries the respired oxygen to the tissues); (cf. fepri, kijno, vacri)
brife bif bi'e breeze x1 is a breeze/wind/gale from direction x2 with speed x3; x1 blows from x2 4h 66 (cf. tcima)
cripu rip bridge x1 is a bridge/span over/across x2 between x3 and x4 [unordered, typically destination first] ao 37 (cf. bargu, kruca, ragve, kuspe)
du'u dum bridi abstract abstractor: predication/bridi abstractor; x1 is predication [bridi] expressed in sentence x2 at 0 (cf. mintu, dunli)
na nar bridi negator bridi contradictory negator; scope is an entire bridi; logically negates in some cmavo compounds 1d 0
brito rit British x1 reflects British/United Kingdom culture/nationality in aspect x2 ab 54 (cf. glico, skoto, merko, ropno)
ganra gan broad x1 is broad/wide in dimension x2 [2nd most significant dimension] by standard x3 6f 76 (cf. clani, jarki, rotsu, condi, barda, gutci, minli)
spofu pof po'u broken x1 is broken/inoperable/broken down/non-utile/not usable for function x2 4c 12 [agentive break, cause to become inoperable (= pofygau, pofyzu'e); accidentally break, as a result of an event, non-agentive (= pofyja'e, nutpo'uja'e)]; (cf. daspo, katna, porpi, se xrani, cikre)
ransu bronze x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of bronze of composition including x2 ah 1 (cf. jinme, tunka, lastu)
bruna bun bu'a brother x1 is brother of/fraternal to x2 by bond/tie/standard/parent(s) x3; [not necess. biological] 4b 110 (cf. mensi, tunba, tamne, famti, bersa)
mebri meb brow x1 is a/the brow/forehead [projecting flat/smooth head/body-part] of x2 aa 18 (cf. stedu, flira)
bunre bur bu'e brown x1 is brown/tan [color adjective] 1a 63 (cf. skari, blabi, xekri, kandi, carmi)
burcu bru brush x1 is a brush for purpose x2 (event) with bristles x3 ao 1 (cf. komcu, pinsi)
baktu bucket x1 is a bucket/pail/can/deep, solid, wide-topped container of contents x2, made of material x3 ao 0 (cf. botpi, patxu, tansi, lante, lanka)
xruba xub buckwheat 'rhubarb' x1 is a quantity of buckwheat/rhubarb/sorrel grass of species/strain x2 aj 3 (cf. spati)
budjo buj bu'o Buddhist x1 pertains to the Buddhist culture/religion/ethos in aspect x2 ac 2 (cf. latna, lijda)
dinju dij di'u building x1 is a building/edifice for purpose x2 2k 153 (cf. ginka, zdani, zarci)
balji bulb 'bulge' x1 is a bulb [body-part] of plant/species x2; [metaphor: rounded, bulgy] aj 1 (cf. punli, batke)
bakfu baf bundle 'pack' x1 is a bundle/package/cluster/clump/pack [shape/form] containing x2, held together by x3 9b 3 (cf. daski, dakli, tanxe)
jelca jel burn x1 burns/[ignites/is flammable/inflammable] at temperature x2 in atmosphere x3 a 9 [default x2/x3 to normal temperatures in air; ignite (= jelcfa), flammable/inflammable (usually = jelka'e or jelfrili)]; (cf. fagri, kijno, sigja, livla, sacki)
matne butter x1 is a quantity of/contains butter/oleo/margarine/shortening from source x2 5b 6 [(adjective:) x1 is buttery; an edible fat, solid but spreadable at normal temperatures; dairy butter (= ladmatne)]; (cf. grasu, kruji)
toldi tod butterfly x1 is a butterfly/moth of species/breed x2 ai 13 (cf. cinki)
zargu zag za'u buttock 'arse' x1 is a/the buttock(s)/arse/rear/seat [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: rounded surface, support] aa 0 [also ass, behind, butt]; (cf. ganxo, mabla)
batke button x1 is a button/knob/[handle] on/for item x2, with purpose x3, made of material x4 a 2 (cf. jadni, balji, punji, jgari, lasna)
kobli kob ko'i cabbage 'cole-' x1 is a quantity of cabbage/lettuce/leafy vegetable of species/strain x2 aj 2 (cf. stagi)
sabnu cabin x1 is a cabin of vehicle x2 a 0 (cf. bloti, marce, vinji, karce)
kanji kaj calculate 'reckon' x1 calculates/reckons/computes x2 [value (ni)/state] from data x3 by process x4 7e 0 (cf. kancu, jdice, skami)
kumte camel x1 is a camel/llama/alpaca/vicuna/dromedary of species/breed x2 ai 3 [llama (= tcokumte), Bactrian camel (= zdokumte); Arabian camel/dromedary (= rabykumte)]; (cf. sunla, kanla, xirma, xasli)
kacma camera x1 is a camera/photographic equipment recording illumination type x2 images to medium x3 6c 12 (cf. lenjo)
ginka gik camp x1 is a camp/encampment/temporary residence of x2 at location x3 ap 0 (cf. dinju, xabju, zdani)
lante can x1 is a can/tightly sealed/pre-sealed container for perishable contents x2, made of x3 5c 5 (cf. botpi, baktu, tinci)
pu'i pus can and has modal aspect: can and has; demonstrated potential at 0 (cf. kakne)
nu'o nu'o can but has not modal aspect: can but has not; unrealized potential at 0 (cf. kakne)
kadno Canadian x1 reflects Canadian culture/nationality in aspect x2 ab 2 (cf. bemro, glico)
naxle nax xle canal x1 is a canal/channel to x2 from x3 with route x4 ap 0 [x2/x3 may be unordered]; (cf. pluta, rirxe, klaji, dargu)
kenra ken cancer x1 is a cancer [malignant disease] in x2 a 0 (cf. bilma, mikce, spita)
delno del de'o candela 'candle-power' x1 is x2 candela [metric unit] in luminosity (default is 1) by standard x3 af 0 (cf. centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro)
mapku map cap x1 is a cap/hat/crown/helmet/piece of headgear [head-top garment] of material x2 3f 18 (cf. taxfu, stedu, drudi)
jatna ja'a captain x1 is captain/commander/leader/in-charge/boss of vehicle/domain x2 a 1 (cf. jitro, lidne, te bende, minde, ralju, gidva, bloti)
kavbu kav capture 'catch' x1 captures/catches/apprehends/seizes/nabs x2 with trap/restraint x3 8e 33 [catch something thrown (= rerkavbu)]; (cf. jersi, kalte, pinfu, sisku, se rinju)
karce car x1 is a car/automobile/truck/van [a wheeled motor vehicle] for carrying x2, propelled by x3 4d 121 (cf. carce, xislu, marce, sabnu)
tabno tab carbon x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of carbon/graphite/[diamond]/charcoal; x1 is organic ag 1 (cf. kolme)
karda card x1 is a card [small nearly-2-dimensional shape/form] of material x2, shape x3 9b 2 (x3 shape default rectangular); (cf. matci, tapla, plita)
mei mem mei cardinal selbri convert number to cardinality selbri; x1 is the mass formed from set x2 with member(s) x3 [x1 is a mass with N components x3 composing set x2; x2 is an n-tuple (x2 is completely specified) (= selmei for reordered places); x1 forms an n-some; x3 (not necessarily a complete enumeration) are [among the] members of x2]; (cf. cmima, gunma, cmavo list moi)
bevri bev bei carry 'bear' x1 carries/hauls/bears/transports cargo x2 to x3 from x4 over path x5; x1 is a carrier/[porter] 2b 149 [alienation from x2 to x3 is implied]; (cf. marce, muvdu, benji, klama)
carce cart x1 is a cart/carriage/wagon [wheeled vehicle] for carrying x2, propelled by x3 ao 3 (cf. karce, xislu, marce, matra)
samcu cassava 'yam' x1 is a quantity of cassava/taro/manioc/tapioca/yam [edible starchy root] of species/strain x2 1a 2 (cf. patlu, genja, jalna)
mlatu lat cat x1 is a cat/[puss/pussy/kitten] [feline animal] of species/breed x2; (adjective:) x1 is feline ai 124 (cf. cinfo, tirxu, gerku)
rinka rik ri'a cause x1 (event/state) effects/physically causes effect x2 (event/state) under conditions x3 6a 296 [x1 is a material condition for x2; x1 gives rise to x2]; (cf. gasnu, krinu, nibli, te zukte, se jalge, bapli, jitro, cmavo list ri'a, mukti, ciksi, xruti)
kevna kev ke'a cavity 'cave' x1 is a cavity/hole/hollow/cavern in x2; x1 is concave within x2; x2 is hollow at locus x1 6c 148 [also pit, depression, concavity; hollow (= selke'a)]; (cf. fenra, kunti, canlu, canko, galxe, tubnu)
sisti sti cease x1 [agent] ceases/stops/halts/ends activity/process/state x2 [not necessarily completing it] 1g 117 (cf. fanmo, mulno, cfari, denpa, fliba)
salci sla celebrate x1 celebrates/recognizes/honors x2 (event/abstract) with activity/[party] x3 9c 22 [x3 (and nunsla) festival/fiesta/celebration/occasion/fair/[holiday (some senses)]; not limited to the ameliorative interpretation of 'celebrate': funeral (= mrobixsla)]; (cf. sinma, jbena)
selci sle cell x1 is a cell/atom/unit/molecule of x2; x1 is an indivisible, most basic subunit of x2 4b 6 (x2 generally has mass nature); (cf. kantu for properties, activities; ratni, gradu)
fepni fep fei cent 'penny' x1 is measured in kopeck/cent money-subunits as x2 [quantity], in monetary system x3 5e 36 [also pfennig, paisa, sen, fen, dinar, etc.; x1 is generally a price/cost/value]; (additional secondary, tertiary, etc. subunit places may be added as x4, x5, x6, ...); (cf. sicni, jdini, jdima, vecnu, rupnu, dekpu, gutci, minli, merli, bunda, kramu)
staku tak ceramic x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of ceramic made by x2, of composition x3, in form/shape x4 ah 1 [made of baked clay or other non-metallic solid; x3: composition including x3, which need not be complete specification]; (cf. kliti)
birti bit certain x1 is certain/sure/positive/convinced that x2 is true 3l 31 (cf. jetnu, jinvi, krici, djuno, senpi, sruma)
co'u co'u cessative interval event contour: at the ending point of ... even if not done; cessative | >< | - [ending (= co'u(r)-)]; (cf. sisti, fanmo)
linsi lin chain 'links' x1 is a length of chain/links of material x2 with link properties x3 9f 21 (cf. skori)
stizu tiz chair 'stool' x1 is a chair/stool/seat/bench, a piece or portion of a piece of furniture intended for sitting 1f 155 (cf. nilce, zutse, jubme, ckana)
bakri chalk x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of chalk from source x2 in form x3 ah 2 (cf. pinsi, blabi, jilka)
talsa tal challenge x1 (person) challenges x2 at/in property x3 8g 1 (cf. jinga, damba, darlu, jivna, nandu for a challenging event/situation)
kalsa kas chaotic x1 is chaotic/disordered in property/aspect x2 (ka) a 29 (cf. cunso, cnici)
cartu cat chart x1 is a chart/diagram/map of/about x2 showing formation/data-points x3 5d 7 (cf. platu)
jersi je'i chase 'pursue' x1 chases/pursues/(physically) follows after x2; volition is not implied for x1 or x2 as 24 [x1 follows after x2]; (cf. kavbu, rivbi, kalte, lidne)
cirla cheese x1 is a quantity of/contains cheese/curd from source x2 5b 20 (cf. ladru)
xukmi xum xu'i chemical x1 is an instance of substance/chemical/drug x2 (individual or mass) with purity x3 ah 2 (cf. curve, cidro, marna, nimre)
cutne cut chest x1 is a/the chest/thorax/upper trunk/[rib cage/breast] [body-part] of x2 aa 16 (cf. cnebo, betfu, xadni, tanxe)
jipci chicken x1 is a chicken/[hen/cock/rooster]/small fowl [a type of bird] of species/breed x2 5b 18 (cf. cipni)
verba ver ve'a child x1 is a child/kid/juvenile [a young person] of age x2, immature by standard x3 4b 74 [not necessarily human]; (cf. cifnu, makcu, citno, panzi, nanla, nixli, se rirni, bersa)
jungo jug Chinese x1 reflects Chinese [Mandarin, Cantonese, Wu, etc.] culture/nationality/language in aspect x2 ab 10 (cf. xazdo)
kliru chlorine x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of halogen of type x2 [chlorine, fluorine, iodine, etc.] ag 3 [also bromine; default chlorine] (cf. xukmi)
cakla chocolate x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of chocolate/cocoa 2j 8 (cf. ckafi)
cuxna cux cu'a choose x1 chooses/selects x2 [choice] from set/sequence of alternatives x3 (complete set) 2f 77 [also prefer (= nelcu'a)]; (cf. jdice, pajni, nelci)
xriso xis xi'o Christian x1 pertains to the Christian religion/culture/nationality in aspect x2 ac 16 (cf. jegvo, lijda)
romge rog chrome x1 is a highly reflective/polished non-tarnishing metallic surface, of metal x2 [often chromium] ag 3 (cf. jinme)
sigja sig cigar x1 is a cigar/cigarette/cigarillo made from tobacco/smokable substance x2 by x3 a 0 (cf. danmo, jelca, tanko, marna)
skina kin cinema x1 is a cinema/movie/film about x2 [plot/theme/subject/activity], filmmaker x3, for audience x4 5g 32 [also motion picture; x2 may be a convention rather than a subject; cartoon/animation (= selxraci'a skina); television/tv show (= tivyskina, regardless of length, factual content, etc.)]; (cf. tivni, vidni, pixra, finti)
sitna sit cite x1 cites/quotes/refers to/makes reference to source x2 for information/statement x3 (du'u) 8b 0 (cf. krasi)
nimre citrus 'lime' x1 is a quantity of citrus [fruit/tree, etc.] of species/strain x2 aj 3 (cf. grute, slari, slami, xukmi)
tcadu tca city 'town' x1 is a town/city of metropolitan area x2, in political unit x3, serving hinterland/region x4 4d 68 [also (adjective:) x1 is urban]; (cf. jarbu, nurma, cecmu, jarbu)
klesi kle lei class x1 (mass/si'o) is a class/category/subgroup/subset within x2 with defining property x3 (ka) 7c 63 [also type, kind, classification, species, genus, family, order, phylum]; (cf. cmavo list le'a, cmima, jutsi, ciste, girzu, lanzu, vrici)
jgalu ja'u claw 'talon' x1 is a/the claw/nail/talon [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: pointed, penetrating, physical weapon] aa 2 (cf. denci, jirna, batci)
kliti kit clay x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of clay [moist, clammy dirt] of composition including x2 ah 4 (cf. dertu, pesxu, staku)
jinsa jis clean x1 (object) is clean/pure of material/contaminant/dirt x2 by standard x3 5g 14 (cf. lumci, jinru, curve, sepli)
klina kli clear x1 (object/medium) is clear/transparent/without obstacle to in-the-clear x2 [transmission] 7j 32 [also lucid; x2 remains apparent/lucid/clear (figurative use for 'understandable' is discouraged, better expressed as = filseljmi)]; (cf. kandi, zunti - nalzu'i is better for 'unhindered')
cpare par climb x1 climbs/clambers/creeps/crawls on surface x2 in direction x3 using x4 [limbs/tools] 2b 56 (cf. klama, litru, bajra, farlu, plipe)
junla jul clock x1 is clock/watch/timer measuring time units x2 to precision x3 with timing mechanism/method x4 3e 5 [also timepiece]; (cf. cacra, mentu, snidu, tcika, temci)
ganlo ga'o closed x1 (portal/passage/entrance-way) is closed/shut/not open, preventing passage/access to x2 by x3 1e 28 [as a doorway, but also perhaps a semi-permeable membrane]; (cf. kalri, pagre, canko, vorme, zunti)
bukpu buk bu'u cloth x1 is an amount of cloth/fabric of type/material x2 3f 20 (cf. mapni, matli, sunla, slasi, silka)
dilnu dil cloud x1 is a cloud of material x2 in air mass x3 at floor/base elevation x4 4h 28 (cf. carvi, tcima)
juxre jux clumsy 'awkward' x1 (action) is clumsy/awkward by standard x2 5g 16 (cf. sluji, muvdu)
kolme kol ko'e coal x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of coal/peat/anthracite/bituminous from source x2 ah 3 (cf. tabno, tarla)
kosta kos coat x1 is a coat/jacket/sweater/cloak/[cape/shawl/pullover] [extra outer garment] of material x2 3f 23 (cf. pastu, sunla, taxfu)
jalra cockroach x1 is a cockroach/[orthopteran/termite] of order/species/breed x2 ai 13 [also grasshopper (= pipyjalra); cricket (= sanjalra); locust, termite (= mantyjalra or mudyctijalra)]; (while cockroaches are an order unto themselves, they are part of Orthoptera, which includes grasshoppers, crickets, etc; termites are a closely-related non-Orthoptera, more akin to cockroaches than to e.g. ants); (cf. cinki, civla, manti)
mifra mif code 'cipher' x1 is encoded/cipher text of plain-text x2 by code/coding system x3; x1 is in code; x3 is a code a 2 [code (= termifra)]; (cf. mipri, lerfu, sinxa)
ckafi kaf coffee x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of coffee from source/bean/grain x2 2j 23 [brew based on a seed/bean/grain; e.g. also chicory coffee, decaf, postum] (cf. tcati, brewed from a leaf, barja, cakla)
sicni si'i coin 'specie' x1 is a coin/token/is specie issued by x2 having value x3 of composition including x4 5e 32 (cf. fepni, jdini, rupnu)
lenku lek cold 'cool' x1 is cold/cool by standard x2 2g 52 (cf. glare, bisli)
karli collar x1 is a collar/ring/belt/band around/surrounding x2 made of material x3 a 1 [also sphincter]; (cf. sruri, djine)
janli jal collide x1 collides with/crashes/bumps/runs into x2 4c 19 (also collide = simjanli for a collision between two moving objects); (cf. darxi)
skari ska color x1 is/appears to be of color/hue x2 as perceived/seen by x3 under conditions x4 1a 30 [conditions may include lighting, background, etc.]; (cf. blanu, bunre, cicna, cinta, crino, grusi, narju, nukni, pelxu, xunre, zirpu, carmi, kandi, xekri, blabi)
kamju column x1 is a column/pillar of material x2 a 18 [spine (= bogykamju), vertebra (= kamjybo'u)]; (cf. ckana, garna, sanli, slanu)
komcu kom comb x1 is a comb [many-needled shape] of material x2 with tines/needles x3 ao 1 (cf. julne, forca, burcu)
klama kla come x1 comes/goes to destination x2 from origin x3 via route x4 using means/vehicle x5 1g1399 [also travels, journeys, moves, leaves to ... from ...; x1 is a traveller; (x4 as a set includes points at least sufficient to constrain the route relevantly)]; (cf. cadzu, bajra, marce, vofli, litru, muvdu, cpare, cmavo list ka'a, pluta, bevri, farlu, limna, vitke)
kufra kuf comfort x1 feels comfort/is comfortable with conditions/environmental property(ies) x2 9d 34 (cf. cinmo)
minde mid mi'e command x1 issues commands/orders to x2 for result x3 (event/state) to happen; x3 is commanded to occur 1h 91 [also: x1 orders/sets/[triggers] x2 to do/bring about x3; x1 is a commander; commanded (= termi'e)]; (cf. lacri, te bende, jatna, ralju, jitro, turni, tinbe)
pinka pik comment x1 (text) is a comment/remark/observation about subject x2 expressed by x3 to audience x4 8c 107 [also: x3 comments/remarks/says x1 about x2 (= terselpinka for reordered places)]; (cf. jinvi, cusku, zgana, lanli, bacru, ciska)
kamni committee x1 (mass) is a committee with task/purpose x2 of body x3 8d 11 [board of directors/trustees/cabinet (= trukamni, gritrukamni)] (cf. bende, kagni)
kampu kau common x1 (property - ka) is common/general/universal among members of set x2 (complete set) 6f 24 (cf. cafne, rirci, fadni, cnano, tcaci, lakne, cmima, simxu)
cecmu cem ce'u community x1 is a community/colony of organisms x2 7c 33 (cf. bende, kulnu, natmi, tcadu, jecta, girzu)
kagni kag company x1 is a company/corporation/firm/partnership chartered by authority x2 for purpose x3 8c 25 [also enterprise/organization (if chartered)]; (cf. kansa, kamni, banxa, bende)
karbi kab compare x1 [observer] compares x2 with x3 in property x4 (ka), determining comparison x5 (state) 7e 3 (cf. klani, mapti, sarxe, zmadu, mleca, dunli)
jivna jvi compete 'rival' x1 competes/vies with opponent x2 in contest/competition x3 (event) for gain x4; x1 rivals x2 8g 48 [also x2 opponent(s), competitor(s), rival(s); x3 competition, race; x4 prize, reward, recognition (gain may be internal or external)]; (cf. cnemu, jinga, talsa, bradi, fapro, kelci)
mulno mul mu'o complete x1 (event) is complete/done/finished; x1 (object) has become whole in property x2 by standard x3 7j 181 [also perfected, entirety; (adverb/adjective:) entire, total, integral, fully, totally, wholly, completely, entirely]; (cf. fanmo, culno, pagbu, xadba, prane, jalge, sumji, munje, sisti, xadni)
pluja luj complicated 'complex' x1 is complex/complicated/involved in aspect/property x2 (ka) by standard x3 6f 28 [also tangled, confused]; (cf. cfipu, banli, sampu, jgena)
skami sam computer x1 is a computer for purpose x2 8c 69 (cf. kanji, minji, pensi)
si'o siz concept abstract abstractor: idea/concept abstractor; x1 is x2's concept of [bridi] - (cf. sidbo)
lunsa lus condense x1 condenses/liquefies on/into x2 at temperature x3, pressure x4; x1 is dew/condensate on x2 a 0 (cf. cilmo, dunja, febvi, runme, bumru)
konju kon ko'u cone x1 is a cone [shape/form] of material x2 with vertex x3 9b 0 [also ellipse, ellipsoid (= konclupa)]; (cf. jesni, djine, sovda, kojna, jganu)
cfipu fi'u confusing x1 (event/state) confuses/baffles x2 [observer] due to [confusing] property x3 (ka) 1h 64 (cf. pluja, cfipu, zunti)
ckunu ku'u conifer 'cone' x1 is a conifer/pine/fir of species/strain x2 with cones x3 aj 0 (cf. tricu)
kanxe kax conjunction x1 is a conjunction, stating that x2 (du'u) and x3 (du'u) are both true 7a 5 (cf. vlina)
sanji saj conscious x1 is conscious/aware of x2 (object/abstract); x1 discerns/recognizes x2 (object/abstract) 6m 48 [also: x1 knows [of] x2 (one sense); awareness implies some amount of mental processing above and beyond mere sensory detection, and may also be applied to mental relationships that are not detected by the senses]; (cf. menli, morji, ganse, sipna, cikna)
stodi sto constant 'stable' x1 is constant/invariant/unchanging in property x2 (ka) in response to stimulus/conditions x3 7e 9 [also stable/consistent/steadfast/firm/steady]; (cf. cenba, stika, stali, vitno, manfo, zasni, tinsa, jdari)
vasru vas vau contain 'vessel' x1 contains/holds/encloses/includes contents x2 within; x1 is a vessel containing x2 4d 71 [also accommodates, container; containment need not be total; x2 is [contained] in x1 (= selvau for reordered places)]; (cf. bartu, jbini, nenri, zvati, cpana, botpi, lanka)
ranji ra'i continue x1 (event/state) continues/persists over interval x2; x1 (property - ka) is continuous over x2 9b 143 (cf. temci, kuspe, renvi, cedra, citsi, manfo, vitci, cukla, fliba, preja, tcena)
jitro tro control x1 has control over/harnesses/manages/directs/conducts x2 in x3 (activity/event/performance) 8c 26 [x2 are aspects/individuals controlled within activity/event x3; manage (= selzuktro, selzukfu'e, gu'etro, gunfu'e, xaktro, xakfu'e) (as distinct from manager/boss = gunterbe'e, gunja'a, gunmi'e, gunca'i)]; (cf. cmavo list ji'o, bapli, te bende, gidva - which does not necessarily control or command, jatna, macnu, minde, ponse, ralju, rinka, sazri, turni, vlipa, xance, xlura)
jukpa jup cook x1 cooks/prepares food-for-eating x2 by recipe/method x3 (process) 5c 57 [cook with heat (= glajukpa, glaterjukpa), bake (= tokyjukpa); fry (= rasyjukpa)]; (cf. cupra, bredi)
tunka tuk copper x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of copper (Cu); [metaphor: reddish, electrical conductor] 5e 4 (cf. jinme, lastu, ransu)
gletu let gle copulate 'coitus' x1 copulates/fucks/mates/has coitus/sexual intercourse with x2 as 33 [x1 and x2 are symmetrical; mounts (= cpanygle)]; (cf. cinse, pinji, plibu, vibna, vlagi, mabla, speni)
fukpi fuk fu'i copy x1 is a copy/replica/duplicate/clone of x2 in form/medium x3 made by method x4 (event) 8b 7 (cf. krefu, rapli, gidva)
skori sko cord x1 is cord/cable/rope/line/twine/cordage/woven strands of material x2 9f 3 (cf. cilta, jgena, marna, bikla, linsi)
korka kok cork x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of cork/bark from tree/species x2; [material] ah 1 (cf. tricu, calku, skapi, stagi)
kojna koj ko'a corner x1 is a corner/point/at-least-3-dimensional [solid] angle [shape/form] in/on x2, of material x3 9b 13 [also apex; a corner exists on three dimensions but need not be limited to points; it suggests a discontinuity in slope in some direction; i.e. in some planar cross-section]; (cf. jipno, konju, bliku, fanmo, jganu, krasi)
drani dra correct 'right' x1 is correct/proper/right/perfect in property/aspect x2 (ka) in situation x3 by standard x4 1h 91 (cf. srera, mapti)
kargu costly x1 (object/commodity/property/event) is costly/expensive/dear to x2 by standard x3 5e 55 [x1 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= poskargu for unambiguous semantics)]; (cf. vamji, dirba, vajni, jdima, pleji, canja, jerna, jinga, jemna, sfasa, vecnu)
mapni cotton x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of cotton [type of fabric/material] ah 2 (cf. bukpu)
kafke cough x1 coughs/farts/burps up/out x2 [predominantly gaseous] from orifice x3 4c 5 (cf. bilma, senci, sputu, vamtu)
kancu kac count x1 (agent) counts the number in set x2 to be x3 [number/count] counting [off] by units x4 3a 24 (x2 is complete set); (cf. kanji, satci, merli)
gugde gug gu'e country x1 is the country of peoples x2 with land/territory x3; (people/territory relationship) ab 81 [also sovereignty, domestic (as opposed to foreign), nation (when not referring to ethos)]; (cf. turni, natmi, jecta, tumla, tutra, lanci)
tamne cousin x1 is cousin to x2 by bond/tie x3; [non-immediate family member, default same generation] 4b 2 [probably preferred for metaphorical siblings (over bruna)] (cf. dzena, famti, mensi, bruna, tunba)
gacri gai cover x1 is a cover/[lid/top] for covering/concealing/sheltering x2 9f 83 (cf. pilka, gapru, marbi, drudi, ve botpi, bitmu, calku)
fenra fer fe'a crack x1 is a crack/fissure/pass/cleft/ravine/chasm/[defect/flaw] [shape/form] in x2 9b 106 (cf. kevna, cfila, jinto)
fenki fek crazy 'frenzy' x1 (action/event) is crazy/insane/mad/frantic/in a frenzy (one sense) by standard x2 4d 15 (cf. bebna, racli, xajmi)
kruji ruj cream x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of cream/emulsion/puree [consistency] of composition x2 2j 18 [x2: composition including x2, which need not be complete specification]]; (cf. ladru, matne)
bende bed be'e crew 'band' x1 is a crew/team/gang/squad/band of persons x2 directed/led by x3 organized for purpose x4 ap 1 (x1 is a mass; x2 is a set completely specified); [also orchestra (= zgibe'e, balzgibe'e), outfit; x3 conductor; business, not necessarily incorporated (= cajbe'e, venbe'e)]; (cf. gunma, girzu, dansu, jatna, jitro, kagni, kamni, minde, ralju, cecmu, gidva)
zekri zer zei crime x1 (event/state) is a crime/[taboo/offense/sin] to people/culture/judges/jury x2 8d 24 [taboo (= kluzei, cacyzei); sin (= madzei, jdamadzei); heresy (= jdazei)]; (cf. flalu, sfasa, zungi, palci, lijda, pajni, javni, tcaci, marde, pulji, tinbe)
pi'u piv cross product non-logical connective: cross product; Cartesian product of sets at 0
kusru kus cruel x1 (person) is cruel/mean/unkind to victim x2 9c 21 (cf. xendo, jursa)
pilka pil pi'a crust 'peel' x1 is a crust/rind/peel/skin/hide/outer cover of x2 9f 12 (cf. grute, calku, skapi (pilka as a general term includes skapi), gacri)
krixa kix ki'a cry out x1 cries out/yells/howls sound x2; x1 is a crier 4c 53 (cf. klaku, bacru)
krili crystal x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of crystal of composition x2 in form/arrangement x3 ah 5 [x2: composition including x2, which need not be complete specification]; (cf. jemna, bisli)
kubli kub cube x1 is a cube/regular polyhedron/polygon of dimensions x2 (def. 3), surfaces/sides x3 (def. 6) 9b 3 (cf. kurfa - needed for 'cube', bliku for a physical object; tanbo, tapla, tarmi)
gutci guc cubit 'foot' x1 is x2 (default 1) short local distance unit(s) [non-metric], standard x3, x4 subunits al 0 [foot (= jmagutci); yard (= cibjmagutci), pace (= tapygutci), inch (= degygutci), cubit (= birgutci)]; (additional subunit places may be added as x5, x6, ...); (cf. mitre, clani, ganra, condi, rotsu, rupnu, fepni, dekpu, minli, merli, bunda, kramu)
kulnu klu culture x1 [mass of ideas, customs, skills, arts] is culture of nation/ethos x2 (mass); x1 is ethnic ab 45 [(note that x2 is NOT individual; culture is what is shared among people and is not an individual trait)]; (cf. cmavo list ka'u, cmavo list ku'u, natmi, cecmu)
kabri cup x1 is a cup/glass/tumbler/mug/vessel/[bowl] containing contents x2, and of material x3 2j 88 [a kabri is normally eaten from by lifting it; a palta is not]; (cf. palta, citka, blaci, tansi)
kucli curious x1 is curious/wonders about/is interested in/[inquisitive about] x2 (object/abstract) 9d 31 [inquisitive (= retkucli)]; (cf. manci, sisku, se cinri)
dapma dap curse 'damn' x1 curses/damns/condemns x2 to fate (event) x3 a 22 [curse with a specific expression (= dapsku)]; (cf. mabla, dimna, cnemu, sfasa, dunda, cusku, cirko, jdima)
murta mur mu'a curtain x1 is a curtain/blinds/drapes for covering/obscuring aperture x2, and made of material x3 5g 10 (cf. canko, vorme)
kruvi ruv kru curve x1 is a curve/turn/bend in x2, at locus x3, and defined by set of points/properties x4 5d 4 [(adjective:) x1 is curved; (x4 as a set of points is sufficiently specified to identify the relevant properties of the bend)]; (cf. korcu, bargu, genxu, linji, sirji)
kicne kic ki'e cushion x1 cushions x2 with material x3; x1 is a cushion/pillow/pad [for x2] of padding material x3 an 7 (cf. ckana, matci)
tcaci cac custom 'habit' x1 is a custom/habit/[ritual/rut] of x2 under conditions x3 7j 20 [also: x1 is customary/usual/the practice]; (cf. fadni, kampu, lakne, jinzi, ckaji, cnano, tarti, ritli, javni, zekri)
katna ka'a cut x1 (tool/blade/force) cuts [through]/splits/divides x2 (object) into pieces x3 5c 25 [for x1 force, it is a force acting as a blade, not acting upon a blade; agentive cutting (= ka'argau, ka'arzu'e)]; (cf. kakpa, sraku for cutting into without division; plixa, dakfu, jinci, porpi, spofu, tunta, xrani, fatri, fendi, balre, dilcu)
cicna cyan x1 is cyan/turquoise/greenish-blue [color adjective] 1a 2 (cf. skari, blabi, xekri, kandi, carmi, crino, blanu)
slanu cylinder x1 is a cylinder [shape/form] of material x2 9b 6 (cf. kamju, gunro)
dansu dance x1 (individual, mass) dances to accompaniment/music/rhythm x2 5g 55 (cf. bende, zgike, zajba)
manku man dark x1 is dark/lacking in illumination 1a 67 (cf. blabi, gusni, ctino; use kandi or xekri with colors, ctino)
datni data x1 (du'u) [fact/measurement] is data/information/statistic(s) about x2 gathered by method x3 8b 14 [evidence (= velji'i datni or just velji'i, sidydatni)] (cf. fatci, saske, vreji)
detri det date x1 is the date [day,{week},{month},year] of event/state x2, at location x3, by calendar x4 3e 29 (time units in x1 are specified as numbers separated by pi'e or are unit values massified with joi); (cf. cmavo list de'i, djedi, jeftu, masti, nanca, tcika)
tixnu tix ti'u daughter x1 is a daughter of mother/father/parents x2; [not necessarily biological] 4b 23 (cf. bersa, panzi)
donri dor do'i daytime x1 is the daytime of day x2 at location x3; (adjective:) x1 is diurnal (vs. nocturnal) 3e 14 (cf. nicte, djedi, tcika)
morsi mro dead 'mort-' x1 is dead/has ceased to be alive 4c 244 [die/mortal (= mrobi'o, co'urji'e)]; (cf. jmive, catra, betri)
dirba dib dear x1 is dear/precious/darling to x2; x1 is emotionally valued by x2 9d 18 [x1 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= posydirba for unambiguous semantics)]; (cf. tcika, kargu, vamji, vajni, pleji, jadni, jemna)
tcica tic deceive 'cheat, trick' x1 (event/experience) misleads/deceives/dupes/fools/cheats/tricks x2 into x3 (event/state) a 36 [agentive deception (= ticygau, ticyzu'e); x3 could be an action or a belief on the part of x2; harmful intent or result is not implied (= malticyzu'e for such harmful intent); self deception (= sezytcica); deceive/trick into misguided action (= ticyxlu); misguided belief (= tickri); fib/lie/tell an untruth/lie/fib (= ticysku, jifsku), white lie (= zanticysku)]; (cf. stace, xlura, stidi, kajde)
jdice jdi decide x1 (person) decides/makes decision x2 (du'u) about matter x3 (event/state) 2f 83 (cf. pajni, cuxna, kanji, manri)
saclu decimal x1 (me'o) is the [decimal/binary] equivalent of fractional x2 (me'o) in base x3 (quantity) af 1 [conversion from fractions to decimal-point based notation] (cf. namcu, frinu)
pi piz decimal point digit/number: base point; default decimal 7e 0
jdika decrease x1 (experiencer) decreases/contracts/is reduced/diminished in property/quantity x2 by amount x3 a 5 (cf. zenba, mleca, vimcu)
condi con cno coi deep x1 is deep in extent in direction/property x2 away from reference point x3 by standard x4 6c 57 (cf. clani, caxno, bargu, ganra, rotsu, barda, gutci, minli)
mirli deer x1 is a deer/elk/moose/[hart/stag/doe] of species/breed x2 ai 0 (cf. mabru, danlu)
bandu bad defend x1 (event) defends/protects x2 (object/state) from threat/peril/potential x3 (event) 8g 9 [also secures (verb); x1 wards/resists x3; protective cover/shield (= badgai)]; (cf. ckape, fanta, fapro, marbi, rivbi, zunti, snura, binra, lunbe, pulji)
ralci rac delicate 'fragile' x1 is delicate/fragile/subtle/refined in property x2 (ka) 7j 17 [easily damaged or rendered less pleasing/pure/effective]; (cf. jdari, ranti, tsali, milxe, kukte)
kukte kuk delicious 'cooked, tasty' x1 is delicious/tasty/delightful to observer/sense x2 [person, or sensory activity] 2j 24 [x1 is a delicacy]; (cf. gusta, ralci, vrusi, cpina)
denmi dem dense x1 is dense/concentrated/packed/intense in property x2 (ka) at location/locus x3 7j 48 (cf. carmi, midju, viknu)
natfe naf na'e deny x1 (du'u) contradicts/denies/refutes/negates x2 (du'u) under rules/logic x3 7a 1 [also exception (= nafmupli); agentive contradict/deny (= nafxu'a or tolxu'a)]; (cf. nibli, tugni, zanru, xusra)
vipsi vip deputy 'vice' x1 is a deputy/vice/subordinate in aspect [or organization principle] x2 (ka) to principal x3 a 7 [also assistant, adjutant]; (cf. krati, sidju)
mabla mal derogative x1 is a derogative connotation/sense of x2 used by x3; x3 derogates/'curses at' x2 in form x1 3d 78 [bloody (British sense), fucking, shit, goddamn]; (cf. palci, dapma, xlali, zabna, funca, ganti, ganxo, gletu, gutra, kalci, pinca, pinji, plibu, vibna, vlagi, zargu)
skicu ski describe x1 tells about/describes x2 (object/event/state) to audience x3 with description x4 (property) 7j 97 (cf. lisri, tavla)
djica dji desire x1 desires/wants/wishes x2 (event/state) for purpose x3 3l 500 [if desire is for an object, this is sumti-raising; use tu'a in x2 (or use lujvo = po'edji)]; (cf. taske, xagji, mukti, nitcu, nelci, pacna, prami, rigni, trina, xebni, xlura)
daspo spo destroy 'despoil' x1 (event) destroys/ruins/wrecks/despoils x2; x1 is destructive 4c 41 (cf. spofu, xrani, marxa, zalvi, xaksu)
tcila til detail x1 is a detail/feature/particular of x2 8f 28 (cf. diklo, steci)
farvi fav develop 'evolve' x1 develops/evolves towards/into x2 from x3 through stages x4 8f 16 (cf. pruce, banro, makcu, ciste, cupra, ferti)
frica fic differ x1 differs/is distinct from/contrasts with/is unlike x2 in property/dimension/quantity x3 2g 46 [also other-than (less common meaning)]; (cf. ranxi, drata, dunli, simsa, vrici)
nandu nad difficult 'hard' x1 is difficult/hard/challenging for x2 under conditions x3; x1 challenges (non-agentive) x2 1i 54 (cf. frili, nabmi, jdari, talsa, tinsa)
kakpa dig x1 (agent) digs x2 [material] up/out of x3 [source/hole] with limbs/tool(s) x4 6f 29 [also x1 cuts into x3 (with material removal)]; (cf. katna, plixa, sraku, canpa, sraku)
kandi kad dim x1 is dim/dull/pale/non-intense in property x2 (ka) as received/measured by observer x3 1a 39 [in colors, indicates unsaturated, pastel, pale (though blabi can also indicate a kind of paleness)]; (cf. blabi, carmi, klina, linto, manku, murse, ruble, skari, milxe, blanu, bunre, cicna, crino, grusi, narju, nukni, pelxu, xekri, xunre, zirpu)
cimde dimension x1 (property - ka) is a dimension of space/object x2 according to rules/model x3 al 0 (cf. morna, ckilu, merli, manri)
jansu jas diplomat 'consul' x1 is a diplomat/consul representing polity x2 in/at negotiation x3 for function/purpose x4 a 0 [(for) x3 polity, (use tu'a); also ambassador (= raljansu, trujansu)]; (cf. jecta, krati)
farna far fa'a direction x1 is the direction of x2 (object/event) from origin/in frame of reference x3 5d 22 [x2 is towards x1 from x3 (= selfa'a for reordered places)]; (cf. zunle, pritu, galtu, gapru, cnita, dizlo, berti, snanu, stuna, stici, purci, balvi, lidne)
dertu der de'u dirt x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of dirt/soil/earth/ground from source x2 of composition x3 ah 100 [also: x1 is earthen; x3: composition including x3, which need not be exhaustive of composition]; (cf. kliti, terdi, loldi)
facki fak fa'i discover 'find' x1 discovers/finds out x2 (du'u) about subject/object x3; x1 finds (fi) x3 (object) 4d 128 (cf. cirko, djuno, jijnu, smadi, sisku)
casnu snu discuss x1(s) (mass normally, but 1 individual/jo'u possible) discuss(es)/talk(s) about topic/subject x2 1h 107 [also chat, converse]; (cf. bacru, cusku, darlu, tavla)
rigni rig disgusting 'repugnant' x1 is repugnant to/causes disgust to x2 under conditions x3 a 5 (cf. djica, nelci, trina, vamtu, xebni, pluka)
runta dissolve x1 dissolves in solvent x2 forming solution/[suspension] x3 under conditions x4 a 16 [suspension (= pucyteryrunta, pu'exre)]; (cf. litki, mixre, sligu, sudga)
fatri fai distribute x1 is distributed/allotted/allocated/shared among x2 with shares/portions x3; (x2/x3 fa'u) 8c 22 [also spread, shared out, apportioned; agentive distribution (= fairgau, fairzu'e)]; (cf. cmavo list fa'u, fendi, preja, katna, tcana)
sfubu sub su'u dive 'swoop' x1 dives/swoops [manner of controlled falling] to x2 from x3 a 4 (cf. farlu, farlu)
fendi fed divide x1 (agent) divides/partitions/separates x2 into sections/parts/ind. x3 by method/partition x4 9b 50 [also segments]; (cf. sepli, bitmu, fatri, dilcu, katna, frinu)
gasnu gau do x1 [person/agent] is an agentive cause of event x2; x1 does/brings about x2 2e 142 (cf. cmavo list gau, gunka, zukte, rinka, fasnu for non-agentive events, jibri, kakne, pilno)
mikce mic doctor 'medic' x1 doctors/treats/nurses/[cures]/is physician/midwife to x2 for ailment x3 by treatment/cure x4 4c 63 [also medic; (adjective:) x1, x4 is medical; x2 is a patient of x1 (= selmikce for reordered places) ; x2 is treated by x1 person/x4 treatment/method; successfully cure transitive (= sadmikce, sadvelmikce), intransitive (= sadyselmikce, ka'orbi'o to not imply an external agent/process, though the x1 and x4 of mikce may be self/internal); treatment (= velmikce)]; (cf. bilma, kanro, spita)
gerku ger ge'u dog x1 is a dog/canine/[bitch] of species/breed x2 ai 175 (cf. lorxu, labno, mlatu)
rupnu rup ru'u dollar 'ruble' x1 is measured in major-money-units (dollar/yuan/ruble) as x2 (quantity), monetary system x3 5e 59 [also pound, rupee, franc, mark, yen; x1 is generally a price/cost/value]; (cf. jdini, sicni, jdima, vecnu, fepni, dekpu, gutci, minli, merli, bunda, kramu)
xasli donkey 'ass' x1 is a donkey/jackass of species/breed x2 ai 35 (cf. xirma, kumte)
vorme vor vro door x1 is a doorway/gateway/access way between x2 and x3 of structure x4 2k 113 [note: emphasis on route nature; solid door (= vrogai/vrobi'u/vrozu'itci)]; (cf. canko, ganlo, kalri, murta, pagre, bitmu, kuspe)
senpi sen doubt 'skeptic' x1 doubts/is dubious/doubtful/skeptical/questions that x2 (du'u) is true 9d 30 [also: x2 is doubtful/dubious/questionable (= selsenpi for reordered places)]; (cf. jinvi, krici, djuno, birti)
rinci drain x1 liquid/fluid drains/strains/flushes from source x2 through drain/strainer x3 by force x4 a 0 [x4 is usually gravity]; (cf. pambe, tisna, setca, flecu, muvdu, ganxo, rirxe)
draci drama x1 is a drama/play about x2 [plot/theme/subject] by dramatist x3 for audience x4 with actors x5 5g 19 [x2 may also be a convention] (cf. finti, cukta, lisri, cfika)
dacru dac drawer x1 is a drawer/file in structure x2, a [sliding compartment] container for contents x3 ao 14 (cf. nilce, tanxe)
senva sev sne dream 'reverie' x1 dreams about/that x2 (fact/idea/event/state); x2 is a dream/reverie of x1 6m 16 [dream/reverie (= selsne)]; (cf. sipna, xanri)
pinxe pix drink x1 (agent) drinks/imbibes beverage/drink/liquid refreshment x2 from/out-of container/source x3 2j 39 (cf. cidja, citka, taske, tunlo, xaksu, barja, birje)
dirgo dig drop x1 is a drop [small, cohesive shape] of material [liquid/vapor] x2 in surrounding material x3 4h 15 (cf. daplu, bidju)
damri drum x1 is a drum/cymbal/gong [percussion musical instrument] with beater/actuator x2 ak 9 (cf. rilti, zgike)
sudga sud dry x1 is dry of liquid x2; (adjective:) x1 is arid 6f 71 (cf. cilmo, litki, runta)
datka duck x1 is a duck/[drake] of species/breed x2 ai 20 (cf. cipni)
pulce puc pu'e dust 'pulverized' x1 is dust/precipitate [suspensible solid] from x2 in medium/on surface x3 a 22 (cf. te zalvi, danmo, purmo, sligu)
xabju xa'u dwell 'inhabit' x1 dwells/lives/resides/abides at/inhabits/is a resident of location/habitat/nest/home/abode x2 4d 130 (cf. ginka, zdani, zvati, stuzi, jmive, stali, vitke)
ro rol each digit/number: each, all 3a 0
kerlo ker ear 'aural, earlobe' x1 is a/the ear [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: sensory apparatus, information gathering] 1c 16 [(adjective:) x1 is aural]; (cf. kanla, savru, smaji, tirna, ractu)
clira lir early x1 (event) is early by standard x2 2g 35 (cf. lerci)
jerna earn x1 (agent/person) earns/[deserves/merits] wages/salary/pay x2 for work/service x3 (activity) 8c 8 [also x2 earnings, reward (= zanseljerna or nemjerna), punishment/comeuppance (= sfaseljerna, malseljerna); x3 behavior; job (= terjerna); x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= posyjerna, posyseljerna for unambiguous semantics)]; (cf. jibri, pleji, vecnu, cnemu, canja, jdima, jinga, prali, sfasa, janta, kargu, vamji)
terdi ted earth 'terrestrial' x1 is the Earth/the home planet of race x2; (adjective:) x1 is terrestrial/earthbound am 111 (cf. lunra, plini, solri, kensa, tsani; dertu for ground, dirt, except when used to express physical relative frame of reference [e.g. on the ground, the ground beneath us], tsani)
stuna sun east x1 is to the east/eastern side of x2 according to frame of reference x3 5d 101 (cf. stici, berti, snanu, farna)
frili fil easy 'freely' x1 (action) is easy/simple/facile for x2 (agent) under conditions x3; x2 does x1 freely/easily 1i 63 (cf. nandu, sampu, zifre)
citka cti eat x1 eats/ingests/consumes (transitive verb) x2 5c 320 (cf. cidja, pinxe, tunlo, xagji, xaksu, batci, gusta, kabri)
korbi kor koi edge 'border, curb' x1 is an edge/margin/border/curb/boundary of x2 next-to/bordering-on x3 9b 43 (cf. cmavo list koi, greku, mlana, jimte, ctebi, bartu)
sovda sov so'a egg 'ovum' x1 is an egg/ovum/sperm/pollen/gamete of/from organism [mother/father] x2 5b 51 [(poorly metaphorical only due to gender- and species- being unspecified): ovoid, oblate (= pevyso'aseltai, but better: claboi); egg, specifically female (= fetso'a), of a bird (= cpifetso'a, cpiso'a), of a chicken (= jipcyfetso'a, jipcyso'a] (but note that Lojban does not require specificity, just as English doesn't for either milk or eggs; "sovda" is fine for most contexts); [if fertilized, then tsiju or tarbi]; (cf. ganti, gutra, mamta, patfu, rorci, tsiju, lanbi, tarbi; also djine, konju for shape, tarbi)
misro Egyptian 'Mizraim' x1 reflects Egyptian culture/nationality in aspect x2 ab 1 (cf. friko, muslo, xrabo)
pruni pun elastic 'springy' (adjective:) x1 is elastic/springy a 0 (cf. ckabu, tcena)
dzena dze elder x1 is an elder/ancestor of x2 by bond/tie/degree x3; x1's generation precedes x2's parents 4b 12 (cf. patfu, rirni, tamne)
dikca dic electric 'charge' x1 is electricity [electric charge or current] in/on x2 of polarity/quantity x3 (def. negative) 7g 4 [(x3, a quantifier, can be expressed as a simple polarity using the numerals for positive and negative ma'u and ni'u); (explicitly) negative (= dutydikca), positive (= mardikca); current (= (sel)muvdikca; again default negative/electron current), charge (= klodikca, stadikca)]; (cf. lindi, xampo, flecu, maksi, tcana)
xanto elephant x1 is an elephant of species/breed x2 ai 16 (cf. mabru, barda)
burna embarrassed x1 is embarrassed/disconcerted/flustered/ill-at-ease about/under conditions x2 (abstraction) 9d 4 (cf. cinmo)
tarbi embryo x1 is an embryo/zygote/fetus/fertilized egg with mother x2, and father x3 a 10 (cf. gutra, mamta, patfu, sovda, rorci, tsiju, grute)
cinmo cni emotion x1 feels emotion x2 (ka) about x3 9d 91 [also mood/humor (= nuncni)]; (cf. cmavo list ci'o, cumla, jilra, nelci, xendo, ckeji, cortu, jgira, kecti, kufra, manci, prami, steba, zungi, badri, burna, gleki)
basna emphasize 'accent' x1 emphasizes/accentuates/gives emphasis/stress/accent to x2 by (action) x3 1h 16 [also: say forcefully] (cf. pandi)
kunti kut empty 'vacant' x1 [container] is empty/vacant of x2 [material]; x1 is hollow 2g 54 [also vacuum (= kunti be roda/so'ada)]; (cf. culno, tisna, claxu, canlu, kevna, setca)
fanmo fam fa'o end 'final' x1 is an end/finish/termination of thing/process x2; [not necessarily implying completeness] 2c 80 [x1 is final/last/at the last; x1 is a terminal/terminus of x2; x1 is the final/terminated state of terminated process x2; x2 terminates/ceases/stops/halts at x1 (= selfa'o for reordered places)]; (cf. krasi, cfari, mulno, sisti, denpa, jipno, kojna, traji, krasi)
kei kez end abstraction elidable terminator: end abstraction bridi (often elidable) 3b 0
ke'e kep ke'e end grouping elidable terminator: end of tanru left grouping override (usually elidable) 3b 0 (cf. cmavo list ke)
bradi enemy 'adversary' x1 is an enemy/opponent/adversary/foe of x2 in struggle x3 2i 8 (cf. damba, jamna, darlu, pendo, fapro, gunta, sarji, jivna, jinga)
nejni nen energy x1 is energy of type x2 in form x3 a 6 [ray/beam (= nenli'i)]; (cf. marji, tarmi, kantu, lazni, livla)
glico gic gli English x1 is English/pertains to English-speaking culture in aspect x2 1b 35 [generally assume broadest sense of 'English'; may refer to 'English', pertaining to the country/people/culture of England (normally requiring constraint = gligu'e, or simply redundancy = gligli-); British English, the norm language of the UK (= gliglibau)]; (cf. brito which refers to the United Kingdom as a whole or to the British empire, merko, sralo, kadno, skoto)
vanbi vab environment 'ambient' x1 (ind./mass) is part of an environment/surroundings/context/ambience of x2 5d 33 [(adjective:) x1 is ambient]; (cf. cmavo list va'o, sruri, jibni, jbini, ferti, tcini)
dunli dun du'i equal x1 is equal/congruent to/as much as x2 in property/dimension/quantity x3 6k 93 [same in quantity/quality (not necessarily in identity); 'analogy' may be expressed as the equivalence of two properties of similarity (ka x1 simsa x2) and (ka x3 simsa x4)]; (cf. cmavo list du'i, satci, frica, simsa, mintu)
cedra era x1 is an era/epoch/age characterized by x2 (event/property/interval/idea) a 9 (x2 interval should be the defining boundaries; if merely a characterizing period, the nature of the interval should be expressed in an abstract bridi, or the interval should be marked with tu'a; x2 may also be characteristic object(s) or practices of the era, if marked with tu'a); (cf. ranji, temci, citsi)
srera sre err x1 errs in doing/being/making mistake x2 (event), an error under conditions x3 by standard x4 1h 40 (cf. drani, which is non-agentive, cfila, fliba)
sinma si'a esteem x1 esteems/respects/venerates/highly regards x2 [object of respect] 9d 39 [also: x2 is respected/esteemed/celebrated (= selsi'a for reordered places)]; (cf. banli, censa, misno, nelci, prami, salci, jgira)
ropno ron ro'o European x1 reflects European culture/nationality/geography/Indo-European languages in aspect x2 ab 13 (cf. brito)
vanci vac evening x1 is an evening [from end-of-work until sleep typical for locale] of day x2 at location x3 3e 60 [this evening (= cabvanci); tomorrow evening (= bavlamvanci); yesterday evening (= prulamvanci)]; (cf. cerni, murse, tcika)
fasnu fau event 'happen' x1 (event) is an event that happens/occurs/takes place; x1 is an incident/happening/occurrence 3b 234 (cf. cmavo list fau, krefu, lifri, fatci, rapli; gasnu, zukte, if specifically agentive, banli)
nu nun event abstract abstractor: generalized event abstractor; x1 is state/process/achievement/activity of [bridi] 3b 0 (cf. fasnu)
palci pac evil x1 is evil/depraved/wicked [morally bad] by standard x2 2i 52 (cf. zekri, vrude, xlali, marde, mabla)
satci exact 'precise' x1 [measurement/match] is exact/precise to precision x2 in property/quantity x3 (ka/ni) 7e 55 (cf. sarxe, dunli, merli, mapti, kancu, mintu)
mupli mup example x1 is an example/sample/specimen/instance/case/illustration of common property(s) x2 of set x3 2h 52 (cf. cmavo list mu'u, pixra)
dukse dus du'e excess x1 is an excess of/too much of x2 by standard x3 3m 178 [cloying (= maldu'e, tolpu'adu'e)]; (cf. bancu, banzu, ricfu, zmadu)
canja caj exchange x1 exchanges/trades/barters commodity x2 for x3 with x4; x1, x4 is a trader/merchant/businessman 8d 12 [also (adjective:) x1, x2, x4 is/are commercial (better expressed as ka canja, kamcanja)]; x2/x3 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event (possibly service), or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= posycanja for unambiguous semantics); (cf. dunda, friti, vecnu, zarci, jdini, pleji, jdima, jerna, kargu; see note at jdima on cost/price/value distinction, banxa, cirko, dunda, janta, kargu, prali, sfasa, zivle)
vikmi vim vi'i excrete x1 [body] excretes waste x2 from source x3 via means/route x4 aa 43 (cf. cigla, kalci, pinca, xasne)
zasti zat za'i exist x1 exists/is real/actual/reality for x2 under metaphysics x3 3j 104 [words usable for epistemology typically have a du'u place]; [x1 is physical (one sense)]; (cf. fatci, xanri)
lifri lif fri experience 'life' x1 [person/passive/state] undergoes/experiences x2 (event/experience); x2 happens to x1 2n 148 [also has/have (of events/experiences); (adjective:) x1 is empirical; suggests passive undergoing but does not exclude active (per zukte) intent; a deserved experience: reward or punishment (= jernyfri, zanjernyfri, maljernyfri)]; (cf. cmavo list ri'i, jmive, fasnu, renvi)
li'i liz experience abstract abstractor: experience abstractor; x1 is x2's experience of [bridi] (participant or observer) - (cf. lifri)
certu cre expert x1 is an expert/pro/has prowess in/is skilled at x2 (event/activity) by standard x3 8c 63 [also competent, skilled]; (cf. djuno, stati, kakne)
ciksi cki explain x1 (person) explains x2 (event/state/property) to x3 with explanation x4 (du'u) 1h 53 [explanation x4 is an underlying mechanism/details/purpose/method for x2 (= velcki for reordered places), generally assumed to be non-obvious; metaphorical usage with the various causal relations (i.e. jalge, mukti, krinu, rinka, nibli, zukte) is possible, but the non-obviousness, and the existence of an explainer with a point of view makes this word not a simple expression of cause]; (cf. cipra, danfu, jalge, jinvi, krinu, mukti, nabmi, preti, rinka, sidbo, zukte, tavla)
spoja poj po'a explode x1 bursts/explodes/violently breaks up/decomposes/combusts into pieces/energy/fragments x2 a 20 (cf. cecla, jakne, jbama)
tenfa tef exponential x1 is the exponential result of base x2 to power/exponent x3 ar 1 (cf. dugri)
cusku cus sku express x1 (agent) expresses/says x2 (sedu'u/text/lu'e concept) for audience x3 via expressive medium x4 1h 872 [also says]; (cf. bacru, tavla, casnu, spuda, cmavo list cu'u, bangu, dapma, jufra, pinka)
kanla kal eye 'ocular' x1 is a/the eye [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: sensory apparatus]; (adjective:) x1 is ocular 1c 0 [x1 is optic]; (cf. jvinu, kerlo, viska, kumte)
flira fir face x1 is a/the face [head/body-part] of x2; (adjective:) x1 is facial 1c 45 (cf. sefta, stedu, crane, mebri)
fatci fac fact x1 (du'u) is a fact/reality/truth/actuality, in the absolute 3j 38 (cf. datni, jitfa, sucta, xanri, jetnu, fasnu, zasti, cfika, saske)
fanri factory 'foundry' x1 is a factory/foundry/industrial plant/mill producing x2 from materials x3 8c 0 (cf. molki, gundi)
fliba fli fail 'baffle' x1 fails at doing x2 (state/event); x1 is a failure at its role in x2 8g 4 [baffled (= pesfli, jmifli, dafspufli, menfli, among other senses); also x2 ceases/does not complete/fails to continue due to failure on the part of x1]; (cf. cfila, snada, srera, troci, sisti, ranji, denpa, bebna, zunti)
crida rid fairy x1 is a fairy/elf/gnome/brownie/pixie/goblin/kobold [mythical humanoid] of mythos/religion x2 ac 4 [also orc, giant, demon or devil (when humanoid-form is presumed by the mythos/religion), bugbear, bogeyman]; (cf. ranmi, especially for non-humanoid creatures of myth, lijda)
farlu fal fa'u fall x1 falls/drops to x2 from x3 in gravity well/frame of reference x4 2b 141 [note: things can fall in spin, thrust, or tide as well as gravity; (agentive "drop" = one of two lujvo: falcru and falri'a)] (cf. lafti, cpare, klama, sfubu)
jitfa jif false x1 (du'u) is false/is an untruth by standard/epistemology/metaphysics x2 3j 15 [words usable for epistemology typically have a du'u place]; (cf. fatci, stace, jetnu, cfika)
slabu sau familiar x1 is old/familiar/well-known to observer x2 in feature x3 (ka) by standard x4 2c 130 [This can cover both meanings of old. Old in years, i.e. age, can be conveyed through x2 = the world, life, existence (= loi nu zasti); in usage this has been a common default for ellipsis. However slabu is not the opposite of 'young' (= nalci'o, tolci'o), but the opposite of 'new' (= tolni'o); also ancient (= tcesau), age (= nilsau); x2 is used to x1 (= selsau for reordered places); historic/historical (= cirsau, cirselcedra; also vaipru)]; (cf. clani, citno, cnino, se djuno; not the opposite of citno, djuno)
lanzu laz family 'clan' x1 (mass) is a family with members including x2 bonded/tied/joined according to standard x3 4b 44 [also clan, tribe; x2 is in x1, a member of x1 (selylanzu for reordered places); relative (= lazmi'u - xy mintu y'y leka cmima da poi lanzu)]; (cf. natmi, cmima, girzu, jutsi, klesi)
misno mis mi'o famous x1 (person/object/event) is famous/renowned/is a celebrity among community of persons x2 (mass) 7j 8 [also celebrated/well-known; (derogative meanings:) notorious/infamous (= malmi'o; these could also be expressed using the referenced words)]; (cf. se sinma, banli)
darno dar da'o far x1 is far/distant from x2 in property x3 (ka) 2g 69 (cf. jibni)
cange cag farm 'grange, agrarian' x1 is a farm/ranch at x2, farmed by x3, raising/producing x4; (adjective:) x1 is agrarian ap 10 [also grange; farming is any organized agrarian activity, not limited to plant crops]; (cf. purdi, nurma, ferti, foldi, xarju)
sutra sut fast 'swift' x1 is fast/swift/quick/hastes/rapid at doing/being/bringing about x2 (event/state) 4f 142 (cf. masno)
lasna la'a fasten 'lash' x1 (agent) fastens/connects/attaches/binds/lashes x2 to x3 with fastener x4 3f 17 [no implication that result is considered a single object; although x2 and x3 may be reversible, x3 may be used for the substrate, the fixed/larger object to which x2 becomes attached];(cf. jorne, fenso, jgena, batke, dinko, kansa)
dimna dim fate 'doom' x1 is a fate/destiny of x2; [doom, curse are mabla-forms]; x2 is fated/predestined/doomed to x1 a 8 [fated/destined/doomed (= seldimna)]; (cf. dapma)
patfu paf pa'u father 'pop, padre' x1 is a father of x2; x1 begets/sires/acts paternal towards x2; [not necessarily biological] 4b 93 (cf. mamta, rirni, rorci, tarbi, dzena, famti, panzi, bersa, sovda)
zabna zan za'a favorable x1 is a favorable connotation/sense/way-of-looking-at x2 used by x3 3d 46 (cf. funca, mabla, xamgu, vrude)
terpa tep te'a fear 'terror' x1 fears x2; x1 is afraid/scared/frightened by/fearful of x2 (event/tu'a object) 4c 72 [also: x1 feels terror about x2; x2 is fearsome/fearful/frightening/scary to x1 (= selte'a to reorder places)]; (cf. snura, xalni, xanka, virnu)
pimlu pim pi'u feather 'plume' x1 is a/the feather/plume(s)/plumage [body-part] of animal/species x2 ai 1 (cf. cipni, nalci, rebla, kerfa, penbi)
kalci feces 'shit' x1 is a/the feces/excrement/dung/shit of x2 (animal/person); (adjective:) x1 is fecal (matter) aa 0 [also crap]; (cf. ganxo, pinca, vikmi, mabla, festi)
fetsi fet fe'i female 'fem-' x1 is a female/doe of species x2 evidencing feminine trait(s) x3 (ka); x1 is feminine 4b 13 (cf. nakni)
ferti fre fertile x1 is fertile/conducive for supporting the growth/development of x2; x1 is fruitful/prolific a 15 [also fecund (note that the Lojban covers both potential and actual/realized fertility)]; (cf. vanbi, sidju, rorci, farvi, banro, cange)
so'u sot few digit/number: few 7e 0
cfika fik fi'a fiction x1 is a work of fiction about plot/theme/subject x2/under convention x2 by author x3 8b 2 [also story, lie, untrue]; (cf. cukta, lisri, prosa, fatci, jitfa, jetnu, xanri)
foldi flo foi field x1 is a field [shape/form] of material x2; x1 is a broad uniform expanse of x2 9b 24 [also woods (= ricfoi), lawn/meadow (= sasfoi), brush (= spafoi, cicyspafoi)]; (cf. purdi, cange)
figre fig fig x1 is a fig [fruit/tree] of species/strain x2 aj 0 (cf. grute)
damba dab da'a fight 'combat' x1 fights/combats/struggles with x2 over issue x3 (abstract); x1 is a fighter/combatant 8g 30 [use x3 tu'a for fight over an object/objective]; (cf. bradi, gunta, talsa, darlu, fapro, jamna, sonci)
pe'a pev figurative marks figurative usage (non-literal) speech/text as a rafsi at 0 [in figurative speech, metaphors may arbitrarily ignore omitted place structures]
tisna tis fill 'stuff' x1 (object) fills/becomes stuffed [up]/inflates/blows up with material x2; x2 pours into x1 6f 35 [implies some relative degree of fullness will result; agentive filling (= tisyse'a, tisygau, tisyzu'e); inflate/become inflated/blow up (= gacytisna, agentive gacyse'a); pour into (= liktisna, agentive likse'a)]; (cf. culno, kunti, rinci, setca)
degji deg finger 'digit' x1 is a/the finger/digit/toe [body-part] on limb/body site x2 of body x3; [metaphor: peninsula] 1c 15 [finger (= xandegji), toe (= jmadegji)]; (cf. nazbi, tamji, tance, xance),
fagri fag fire x1 is a fire/flame in fuel x2 burning-in/reacting-with oxidizer x3 (default air/oxygen) a 52 (cf. jelca, sacki)
jdari jar firm 'hard' x1 is firm/hard/resistant/unyielding to force x2 under conditions x3 6f 55 (cf. nandu, ralci, randa, ranti, tinsa, sligu, stodi)
finpe fip fi'e fish 'fin' x1 is a fish of species x2 [metaphorical extension to sharks, non-fish aquatic vertebrates] 5b 46 (cf. danlu)
mapti mat fit 'match' x1 fits/matches/suits/is compatible/appropriate/corresponds to/with x2 in property/aspect x3 7j 47 (cf. satci, tugni, sarxe, drani, tarmi, ckini, mintu)
lanci flag 'banner' x1 is a flag/banner/standard of/symbolizing x2 with pattern(s) x3 on material x4 ao 0 (cf. gugde, jecta)
cfila cfi flaw x1 (property - ka) is a flaw/fault/defect in x2 causing x3 7j 19 (cf. cikre, srera, fenra, fliba, prane)
vofli vol voi flight 'fly' x1 flies [in air/atmosphere] using lifting/propulsion means x2 7f 27 (cf. cipni, klama, vinji)
fulta ful flu float x1 (passive) floats on/in fluid (gas/liquid) x2; x1 is buoyant 7f 7 (cf. limna, bloti, sakli)
loldi lol loi floor x1 is a floor/bottom/ground of x2 2k 120 [floor/level/story of a building/edifice (= setloi, dijysenta)]; (cf. bitmu, drudi, dertu, dizlo, cnita, zbepi, sarji, serti)
flecu fle flow 'flush' x1 is a current/flow/river of/in x2 flowing in direction to/towards x3 from direction/source x4 a 85 [x1 is a stream of x2; x2 is a fluid [gas or liquid] (= selfle for reordered places); x1 flushes toward x3; flush (= caifle, sukfle)]; (cf. rirxe, senta where no directionality is implied, rinci, xampo, dikca, sakci, gapci, litki, ciblu)
xrula rul flower x1 is a/the flower/blossom/bloom [body-part] of plant/species x2; (adjective:) x1 is floral aj 27 (cf. spati)
flani flute x1 is a flute/pipe/fife/recorder [flute-like/air-reed musical instrument] ak 1 (cf. zgike)
sfani fly x1 is a fly [a small non-stinging flying insect] of species/breed x2 6c 16 (cf. cinki, bifce)
fonmo fom fo'o foam x1 is a quantity of foam/froth/suds of material x2, with bubbles/vacuoles of material x3 a 1 (cf. zbabu)
bumru bum fog x1 is foggy/misty/covered by a fog/mist/vapor of liquid x2 4h 5 (cf. djacu, carvi, danmo, lunsa, tcima, gapci)
polje plo fold x1 (force) folds/creases x2 at locus/loci/forming crease(s)/bend(s) x3 a 0 [for agentive folding (= plogau, plozu'e); use cardinal-value sumti in x3, or rapli, to indicate multiple folds]; (cf. korcu, cinje, boxfo, boxna)
nelci nel nei fond 'likes' x1 is fond of/likes/has a taste for x2 (object/state) 2i 180 (cf. cinmo, djica, pluka, prami, rigni, sinma, trina, xebni, cuxna, pendo)
cidja dja food 'feed' x1 is food/feed/nutriment for x2; x1 is edible/gives nutrition to x2 5b 78 (cf. citka, nitcu, pinxe, xagji, cpina)
bebna beb foolish 'boob' x1 is foolish/silly in event/action/property [folly] (ka) x2; x1 is a boob 5g 69 (cf. fenki, xajmi, prije, fliba)
jamfu jaf jma foot x1 is a/the foot [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: lowest portion] (adjective:) x1 is pedal 1c 47 (cf. jicmu, genja, zbepi, tuple, jubme, xance, tamji)
bapli bap bai force 'compel' x1 [force] (ka) forces/compels event x2 to occur; x1 determines property x2 to manifest as 20 [also constrains; requires success, unlike the physics term (better expressed by danre)]; (cf. fanta, rinju, jimte, jitro, rinka, krinu, zukte, randa, danre, cmavo list bai, marxa, tinsa, xarnu)
fraxu fax forgive x1 forgives x2 for event/state/activity x3 4d 25 (cf. dunda, curmi, zungi)
forca fro fork x1 is a fork/fork-type tool/utensil for purpose x2 with tines/prongs x3 on base/support x4 5c 16 (cf. dakfu, smuci, komcu, tutci)
lorxu lor lo'u fox x1 is a fox [bushy-tailed wild dog/canine] of species/breed x2 ai 36 (cf. gerku)
frinu fraction x1 is a fraction, with numerator x2, denominator x3 (x2/x3) 7e 1 (cf. parbi, dilcu, mekso, fendi)
greku rek frame x1 is a frame/structure/skeleton/outline supporting/load-bearing/determining the form of x2 a 0 (cf. korbi, stura, tsina, bongu)
zifre zif zi'e free x1 is free/at liberty to do/be x2 (event/state) under conditions x3 8e 21 [also unrestricted, unfettered, unconstrained; (adjective:) independent; (adverb:) willingly, voluntarily, freely, may, optionally; (potential:) x1 voluntarily does x2]; (cf. pinfu, rinju, bilga, curmi, kakne, frili)
dunja duj freeze 'jell' x1 freezes/jells/solidifies at temperature x2 and pressure x3 4h 27 (cf. febvi, lunsa, runme, sligu)
fraso fas French 'France' x1 reflects French/Gallic culture/nationality/language in aspect x2 ab 19 (cf. ropno)
vifne vif fresh (adjective:) x1 is fresh/unspoiled 5c 20 (cf. fusra)
mosra mos friction 'rub' x1 is friction [force opposing motion] due to contact/rubbing between x2 and x3; (fe) x2 rubs x3 a 3 [also x2 scrubs/wipes/brushes (against) x3 (= seltermosra); non-agentive rub (= termosra)]; (cf. sakli, sraku, jabre, satre, guska, pencu, spali)
pendo ped pe'o friend x1 is/acts as a friend of/to x2 (experiencer); x2 befriends x1 2i 90 (cf. bradi, xendo, nelci, prami, bradi)
crane cra front x1 is anterior/ahead/forward/(in/on) the front of x2 which faces/in-frame-of-reference x3 1e 0 [also: x3 is the standard of orientation for x2] (cf. sefta, flira, trixe, mlana, pritu, zunle)
frumu fru frown x1 frowns/grimaces (facial expression) 4d 5 [x1 frowns/grimaces at/in reaction to x2 (= frufra)]; (cf. cmila, cisma)
grute rut fruit x1 is a fruit [body-part] of species x2 6c 19 (cf. badna, dembi, figre, guzme, narge, perli, pilka, plise, spati, stagi, tamca, tsiju, tarbi, panzi, rorci, te pruce, jbari, nimre)
steba seb frustration x1 feels frustration about x2 (abstraction) 9d 19 (cf. cinmo)
livla lil fuel x1 is a fuel/energy-source for powering x2 7f 1 (cf. nejni, xaksu, jelca)
culno clu full x1 is full/completely filled with x2 2g 58 (cf. tisna, kunti, mulno, setca, tisna)
djedi dje dei full day x1 is x2 full days in duration (default is 1 day) by standard x3; (adjective:) x1 is diurnal 3e 159 [today (= cabdei); tomorrow (= bavlamdei); yesterday (= prulamdei)]; (cf. donri, detri, jeftu, masti, nanca, nicte, tcika)
fancu function x1 is a function/single-valued mapping from domain x2 to range x3 defined by expression/rule x4 7e 0 (cf. mekso, bridi)
xajmi xam funny 'comic' x1 is funny/comical to x2 in property/aspect x3 (nu/ka); x3 is what is funny about x1 to x2 5g 32 [also: x1 is a comedian (= xampre, xamseljibri for a professional comedian)]; (x1 can be a person/object or an abstraction; be careful about possible sumti-raising); (cf. bebna, cisma, cmila, fenki, zdile)
nilce ni'e furniture x1 [furniture items] furnishes x2 [location] serving purpose/function x3 an 1 (cf. ckana, jubme, sfofa, stizu, dacru)
balvi bav future 'later' x1 is in the future of/later than/after x2 in time sequence; x1 is latter; x2 is former 4a 56 [also sequel, succeed, successor, follow, come(s) after; time ordering only (use lidne otherwise); aorist in that x1 may overlap in time with x2 as long as it extends afterwards; non-aorist future (= cfabalvi); (default x2 is the space time reference, whereupon:) x1 will occur]; (cf. lidne, cabna, purci, farna)
dekpu gallon 'peck' x1 is x2 (default 1) local volume unit(s) [non-metric; e.g. bushel], standard x3, x4 subunits al 0 [gallon (= likydekpu), quart (= likseldekpu), barrel (wet = likybradekpu, dry = sudbradekpu), bushel (= sudydekpu), peck (= sudyseldekpu), cupful (= kabrydekpu), tablespoon (= mucydekpu); teaspoon (= mucyseldekpu); (all of these lujvo may need gic- to distinguish the English measurement system in contrasting with some local system; the English system is otherwise presumed to be the default non-metric system)]; (additional subunit places may be added as x5, x6, ...); (cf. canlu, litce, rupnu, fepni, gutci, minli, merli, bunda, kramu)
purdi pud garden x1 is a garden/tended/cultivated field of family/community/farmer x2 growing plants/crop x3 6c 17 [orchard (= ricpurdi)]; (cf. foldi, cange, panka)
sunga sug garlic x1 is a quantity of garlic [bulb] of species/strain x2 aj 13 (cf. stagi)
taxfu taf ta'u garment x1 is dress/a garment/clothing for wearing by x2 (gender/species/body part) serving purpose x3 3f 76 [also: x2 can wear/is wearing x1; refers to something intended for use as a garment, not merely something that happens to be worn at some time (which need not be true for dasni)]; (cf. creka, cutci, daski, dasni, gluta, kosta, mapku, palku, pastu, skaci, smoka, lunbe)
gapci gac gas x1 is gaseous/fumes/a gas/vapor of material/composition including x2, under conditions x3 6b 7 [x3 includes temperature and pressure]; (cf. pambe, vacri, litki, sligu, danmo, bumru, cidro, flecu)
jmaji jaj gather x1 (mass/jo'u) gathers/collects at location x2 from locations x3 (mass/jo'u) 3m 26 [also focus (= seljmaji)]; (cf. crepu)
jemna jme gem x1 is a gem/polished stone/pearl of type x2 from gemstone/material/source x3 6c 30 [also jewel (= jmeja'i); gemstone (= x2, x3, or jmero'i, jmekunra); pearl (= selcakyjme - a gem found inside a shell, tercakyjme - a gem made of shell material, boijme - any ball-shaped gem), mother-of-pearl (= cakyjme)]; (cf. kunra, rokci, jadni, dirba, kargu, krili, pulji)
jgina gin gene x1 is a gene of creature [or locus on creature] x2 determining trait/process x3 a 1 [also chromosome = (gincilta, ginpoi)]; (cf. cerda)
jurme jum germ x1 is a bacteria/germ/microbe/protozoan/amoeba [1-celled life] of species/defining property x2 ai 1 (cf. vidru)
dotco dot do'o German 'Deutsch' x1 reflects German/Germanic culture/nationality/language in aspect x2 ab 12 (cf. ropno)
cpacu cpa get 'acquire' x1 gets/procures/acquires/obtains/accepts x2 from source x3 [previous possessor not implied] 2b 143 [also fetch; accept a gift (= seldu'acpa)]; (cf. punji, lebna, vimcu)
nixli nix xli girl x1 is a girl [young female person] of age x2 immature by standard x3 4b 172 [word dispreferred in metaphor/example as sexist; (use verba)]; (cf. nanla, verba, ninmu)
dunda dud du'a give 'donate' x1 [donor] gives/donates gift/present x2 to recipient/beneficiary x3 [without payment/exchange] 2b 217 [also grants; x3 is a receiver (= terdu'a for reordered places); the Lojban doesn't distinguish between or imply possession transfer or sharing; x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= posydu'a, posyseldu'a for unambiguous semantics)]; (cf. benji, muvdu, canja, pleji, vecnu, friti, sfasa, dapma, cnemu, prali)
cigla cig gland x1 is a/the gland [body-part] secreting x2, of body x3; x2 is a secretion of x1 aa 8 [secretion (= selcigla)]; (cf. vikmi, xasne)
blaci glass x1 is a quantity of/is made of/contains glass of composition including x2 6b 5 (cf. kabri)
murse glimmering x1 is the [astronomical] twilight/dawn/dusk/half-light/glimmering of day x2 at location x3 3e 8 [morning twilight, dawn (= cermurse); evening twilight, dusk (= vacmurse)]; (cf. cerni, kandi, vanci)
gluta glu glove x1 is a mitten/glove [hand and lower arm garment] of material x2 ao 0 [mitten (= degycauglu)]; (cf. taxfu)
kanba goat 'kid, billy, baa' x1 is a goat/angora/[billy-goat/kid] of species/breed x2 ai 2 (cf. lanme, sunla)
cevni cev cei god 'divinity' x1 is a/the god/deity of people(s)/religion x2 with dominion over x3 [sphere]; x1 is divine ac 197 [also divinity; x2 religion refers to the religious community as a mass]; (cf. censa, krici, lijda, malsi)
solji slo gold x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of gold (Au); [metaphor: valuable, heavy, non-reactive] ag 30 (cf. ricfu, rijno, narju, pelxu)
ganti gonad 'testes' x1 is a/the testes/ovary/testicle/scrotum/balls/gonad/stamen/pistil [body-part] of x2, gender x3 aa 2 [egg/sperm/pollen/gamete producing/bearing organ]; (cf. plibu, sovda, pinji, gutra, mabla)
xamgu xag xau good x1 (object/event) is good/beneficial/nice/[acceptable] for x2 by standard x3 2i 226 [acceptable (= mlixau, norxau, xaurselcru)]; (cf. melbi, xlali, vrude, zabna)
gunse goose x1 is a goose/[gander] of species/breed x2 ai 5 (cf. cipni)
turni tru govern x1 governs/rules/is ruler/governor/sovereign/reigns over people/territory/domain/subjects x2 ab 113 [x2 need not be complete specification of set of governed; reign/rule (= noltru); king/queen/sovereign (= nolraitru); pure democracy (= roltrusi'o), representative democracy (= rolka'itrusi'o), viceroy (= ka'itru), pure communism (= guntrusi'o), board of directors/trustees, steering committee (= trukamni); government (= trugunma, trugri (emphasizing the components), truci'e (emphasizing the organization))]; (cf. catni, minde, tutra, jecta, gugde, ponse, jitro)
gurni gru grain x1 is grain/[British: corn]/cereal from plant/species x2 aj 71 (cf. bavmi, cunmi, mavji, maxri, molki, mraji, rismi, sobde, spati, zumri, nanba, sorgu)
grake gra gram x1 is x2 gram(s) [metric unit] in mass (default is 1) by standard x3 af 1 (cf. junta, kilto, bunda, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, litce, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro)
gerna gen ge'a grammar x1 is the grammar/rules/defining form of language x2 for structure/text x3 1h 91 (cf. bangu, stura, cmavo, jufra)
jgari jai grasp 'grip' x1 grasps/holds/clutches/seizes/grips/[hugs] x2 with x3 (part of x1) at locus x4 (part of x2) 5g 60 [hug (= birjai, pamjai); embrace (= xadjai); handshake (= xanjai, jikyxanjai), handle (= veljai, veljaitci)]; (cf. ralte, pencu, darxi, batke, rinju)
srasu sas grass x1 is a blade/expanse of grass of species x2 6c 47 [lawn/meadow (= sasfoi)]; (cf. spati)
ckire kir grateful x1 is grateful/thankful to/appreciative of x2 for x3 (event/property) 2l 53 [also gratitude (= nunckire or kamckire)]; (cf. cinmo, friti, pluka)
grusi rus gray x1 is gray [color adjective] 1a 48 (cf. skari, blabi, xekri, kandi, carmi)
grasu ras grease x1 is a quantity of/is made of/contains grease/fat/oil from source x2 6b 10 (cf. ctile, matne, plana)
banli bal ba'i great 'grand' x1 is great/grand in property x2 (ka) by standard x3 7j 96 [indicates a subjective greatness, as compared to the objective standard implied for barda; (synonyms, possibly requiring tanru:) extraordinary, illustrious, magnificent, impressive, awesome, grandiose, august, inspiring, special, majestic, distinguished, eminent, splendor, stately, imposing (all generally zabna); terrible (mabla)]; (cf. barda, nobli, se sinma, pluja, misno, vajni, fasnu, cizra, traji, mutce, se manci)
xelso xes Greek 'Hellas' x1 reflects Greek/Hellenic culture/nationality/language in aspect x2 ab 40 (cf. latmo, ropno)
crino ri'o green x1 is green/verdant [color adjective] 1a 92 (cf. skari, blabi, xekri, kandi, carmi, cicna)
rinsa greet x1 (agent) greets/hails/[welcomes/says hello to]/responds to arrival of x2 in manner x3 (action) 2n 40 (cf. friti for welcome/hospitality, cmavo list coi, cmavo list co'o)
zalvi zal grind 'pulverize' x1 [individual or mass of hard surfaces] grinds/pulverizes/crushes x2 into powder x3 a 1 [may need mosra tanru]; (cf. daspo, purmo, marxa, pulce, canre, molki)
skuro ku'o groove 'furrow' x1 is a groove/trench/furrow [shape/form] in object/surface x2 9b 36 (cf. plixa)
girzu gir gri group x1 is group/cluster/team showing common property (ka) x2 due to set x3 linked by relations x4 7c 94 [also collection, team, comprised of, comprising; members x3 (a specification of the complete membership) comprise group x1; cluster (= kangri)]; (cf. bende, ciste, cmima, gunma, panra, cabra, cecmu, kansa, klesi, lanzu, liste, vrici)
banro ba'o grow x1 grows/expands [an increasing development] to size/into form x2 from x3 8f 26 [also rising, developing; x1 gets bigger/enlarges/increases]; (cf. farvi, zenba, jmina, barda, makcu, ferti)
smadi guess 'surmise' x1 guesses/conjectures/surmises x2 (du'u) is true about subject x3; [epistemology] 3l 15 [also: x1 has a hunch that x2 is true; x1 imagines x2 is true; words usable for epistemology typically have a du'u place]; (cf. djuno, facki, jijnu, sruma)
vitke vi'e guest 'visit' x1 is a guest/visitor of x2 at place/event x3; x1 visits x2/x3 4d 95 (cf. friti, klama, zasni, xabju, zvati)
gidva gid gi'a guide x1 (person/object/event) guides/conducts/pilots/leads x2 (active participants) in/at x3 (event) 5d 17 [a guiding person advises/suggests/sets an example to be followed, but does not necessarily control/direct/manage actual execution of an event; an event may serve as a guide by setting a pattern/example to be emulated]; (cf. jitro, ralju, sazri, te bende, jatna, fukpi, morna)
zungi zug guilt x1 feels guilt/remorse about x2 (abstraction) 9d 1 (cf. cmavo list .u'u, cinmo, xenru, zekri)
jgita git guitar 'guitar' x1 is guitar/violin/fiddle/harp [stringed musical instrument] with actuator/plectrum/bow x2 ak 1 [also lute, viola, cello]; (cf. zgike)
canti gut 'entrails' x1 is a/the gut(s)/entrails/intestines/viscera/innards/digestive system [body-part] of x2 aa 5 [metaphor: process hub]; (cf. betfu)
zajba zaj gymnast x1 is a gymnast at/performs gymnastics feat x2 a 0 (cf. sluji, dansu)
bratu hail x1 is hail/sleet/freezing rain/solid precipitation of material/composition including x2 4h 0 [this is the substance, not the act or manner of its falling, which is carvi]; (cf. carvi, snime, bisli, tcima)
kerfa kre hair x1 is a/the hair/fur [body-part] of x2 at body location x3 1c 60 (cf. skapi, sunla, pimlu)
xadba xab half x1 is exactly/approximately half/semi-/demi-/hemi- of x2 by standard x3 7e 12 (cf. mulno, pagbu)
mruli mru hammer x1 [tool] is a hammer for/hammers x2 [target] consisting of weight/head x3 propelled by x4 ao 2 (cf. tutci)
xance xan xa'e hand x1 is a/the hand [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: manipulating tool, waldo] 1c 106 [(adjective:) x1 is manual]; (cf. birka, degji, jitro, xlura, jamfu, tamji)
dandu dad hang 'dangle, suspend' x1 hangs/dangles/is suspended from x2 by/at/with joint x3 7j 54 [pendant (= dadja'i); also dependent (original meaning)] (cf. lasna, jorne)
gleki gek gei happy 'gay' x1 is happy/gay/merry/glad/gleeful about x2 (event/state) 3c 170 [adversity (= kamnalgei)]; (cf. badri, cinmo)
sarxe sax harmonious x1 is harmonious/concordant/in agreement/concord with x2 in property x3 (ka) a 2 (cf. satci, panpi, mapti, tugni, ckini)
crepu rep harvest 'reap' x1 (agent) harvests/reaps/gathers crop/product/objects x2 from source/area x3 as 2 (cf. critu, sombo, jmaji)
xebni xen xei hate x1 hates/despises x2 (object/abstraction); x1 is full of hate for x2; x2 is odious to x1 2i 55 [x1 is hateful (one sense); x2 is hateful (different sense)]; (cf. djica, nitcu, rigni, prami, nelci)
stedu sed head x1 is a/the head [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: uppermost portion] 1c 40 [skull (= sedbo'u)]; (cf. drudi, mebri, xedja, besna, flira, mapku)
kanro ka'o healthy x1 is healthy/fit/well/in good health by standard x2 4c 35 (cf. bilma, mikce)
derxi dre heap x1 is a heap/pile/stack/mound/hill of materials x2 at location x3 3m 15 (cf. cmana)
tirna tin hear x1 hears x2 against background/noise x3; x2 is audible; (adjective:) x1 is aural 6m 75 (cf. kerlo, sance, smaji, savru, voksa, ganse, zgana)
risna heart 'cardiac' x1 is a/the heart [body-part] of x2; [emotional/shape metaphors are NOT culturally neutral] aa 34 [(adjective:) x1 is cardiac; emotional 'heart' (= cnise'i)]; (cf. pambe, ciblu)
tilju tij heavy 'weighty' x1 is heavy/weighty in mass/weight by standard x2 9b 22 (cf. linto; carmi, se junri for metaphor, bunda, junta)
xebro xeb bro Hebrew x1 reflects Hebrew/Jewish/Israeli culture/nationality/language in aspect x2 ab 4 (cf. filso)
cerda ced heir x1 is an heir to/is to inherit x2 (object/quality) from x3 according to rule x4 a 13 [pedantically, inheriting an object should be a sumti-raising (tu'a if non-abstract in x2) of inheriting loka ponse the object - the ownership of the object (= posycerda, posyselcerda for unambiguous semantics)]; (cf. jgina)
sidju dju help 'aid' x1 helps/assists/aids object/person x2 do/achieve/maintain event/activity x3 9c 90 (cf. cmavo list si'u, rirni, sarji, vipsi, ferti, selfu)
marna hemp 'marijuana' x1 is a quantity of hemp/marijuana/jute of species/strain x2 aj 2 (cf. skori, tanko, sigja, xukmi)
vi viz here at location tense distance: here at ... ; at, near, or a very short/tiny distance from ... 4a 0 (cf. stuzi, zvati, jibni)
galtu gal ga'u high x1 is high/up/upward in frame of reference x2 as compared with baseline/standard height x3 2d 123 [also upper; x3 is generally some defined distance above a zero point/baseline, or is that baseline itself]; (cf. gapru, dizlo, cnita, drudi, farna)
xindo xin Hindi x1 reflects Hindi language/culture/religion in aspect x2 ab 12 [defaults to not include Urdu; Indian (Bharat) nationality may be implied (when constrained by xingu'e)]; (cf. srito, xurdo, bengo)
xispo xip Hispanic x1 reflects Hispano-American culture/nationalities in aspect x2 ab 2 [refers to Spanish-speaking Latin-American countries, not Brazil/Guyana]; (cf. merko, mexno, spano, ketco, bemro, gento)
citri cir history x1 is a history of x2 according to x3 (person)/from point-of-view x3 a 22 [also historic/historical (= cirtermo'i, cirvai)]; (cf. muzga)
darxi dax da'i hit x1 hits/strikes/[beats] x2 with instrument [or body-part] x3 at locus x4 1g 105 (cf. bikla, gunta, jenca, tunta, tikpa, janli, jgari, pencu)
censa ces holy 'sacred' x1 is holy/sacred to person/people/culture/religion/cult/group x2 ac 58 (cf. cevni, krici, latna, pruxi, lijda, sinma)
stace sac honest x1 is honest/open/truthfully revealing to/candid/frank with x2 about matter/fact x3 9c 0 [also straight, straight-forward]; (cf. tcica, jetnu, jitfa, mipri)
sufti sfu hoof x1 is a/the hoof [body-part] of x2 ai 0 (cf. xirma)
genxu gex hook x1 is a hook/crook [shape/form] of material x2 ao 0 (cf. kruvi, korcu)
pacna pa'a hope x1 hopes/wishes for/desires x2 (event), expected likelihood x3 (0-1); x1 hopes that x2 happens 9d 60 [also: x1 is hopeful of x2; x2 will hopefully occur, as hoped for by x1; the value of x3 is a subjective estimate of likeliness according to x1, and is the basic determinant of whether pacna means 'hope' or 'wish' or 'expect': hoping for objects/states with negligible expectation is "wishing"; if the state is plausibly likely, it is "hoping"; when the probability is subjectively near 1, the attitude is described as "expecting"; the value will usually be expressed using inexact numbers ("li piso'u" to "li piro"); wish (= sotpa'a), hope (= sorpa'a), expect (= sojypa'a)]; (cf. djica)
jirna horn x1 is a/the horn [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: pointed extremity] ai 9 (cf. jgalu, bongu)
xirma xir xi'a horse x1 is a horse/equine/[colt/mare/stallion/pony] of species/breed x2 ai 29 [(adjective:) x1 is equine/equestrian]; (cf. sufti, xasli, kumte)
spita hospital x1 is a hospital treating patient(s) x2 for condition/injuries/disease/illness x3 4c 20 [hospice (a place where x2 of spita is lenu mrobi'o = mrospita)]; (cf. bilma, mikce)
glare gla hot 'warm' x1 is hot/[warm] by standard x2 2g 0 [warm (= mligla), feverish (= bi'agla)]; (cf. lenku)
xotli xol xoi hotel x1 is a hotel/inn/hostel at location x2 operated by x3 7f 0 (cf. barja, gusta)
cacra hour x1 is x2 hours in duration (default is 1 hour) by standard x3 3e 21 (cf. junla, mentu, snidu, tcika, temci)
remna rem re'a human x1 is a human/human being/man (non-specific gender-free sense); (adjective:) x1 is human 1k 219 (cf. nanmu, ninmu, prenu)
cumla cul humble 'humility' x1 is humble/modest about x2 (abstraction); x1 displays humility about x2 9c 1 (cf. cinmo, jgira)
xagji hunger x1 hungers for x2; x1 needs/wants food/fuel x2 2j 48 (cf. cidja, citka, djica, nitcu, taske)
kalte kat hunt x1 hunts/stalks prey/quarry/game x2 for purpose x3 as 15 [also verb: to fish (= fipkalte)]; (cf. jersi, kavbu, sisku, rivbi)
cidro dro hydrogen x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of hydrogen (H); [metaphor: light, flammable] ag 1 (cf. gapci, xukmi)
bisli bis ice x1 is a quantity of/is made of/contains ice [frozen crystal] of composition/material x2 5b 43 [composition including x2, which need not be a complete composition]; (cf. kunra, runme, lenku, krili, bratu, snime, carvi)
sidbo sib si'o idea x1 (idea abstract) is an idea/concept/thought about x2 (object/abstract) by thinker x3 9e 81 [also (adjective:) x1 is ideal/ideational]; (cf. ciksi, jijnu, mucti, jinvi, nabmi, pensi, xanri, cmavo list si'o)
cando cad idle x1 is idle/at rest/inactive 8c 4 ["in motion", not implying a change in location, is negation of this]; (cf. surla)
bilma bi'a ill x1 is ill/sick/diseased with symptoms x2 from disease x3 4c 22 (cf. kanro, mikce, spita, senci, kafke, binra)
gusni gus gu'i illumine 'light' x1 [energy] is light/illumination illuminating x2 from light source x3 4d 151 [x3 illuminates/lights x2 with light/illumination x1; x2 is lit/illuminated by illumination x1 from source x3 (= selgu'i for reordered places); light/lamp (= tergu'i)](cf. dirce, manku, solri, carmi, ctino, kantu)
xanri xar imaginary 'unreal' x1 [concept] exists in the imagination of/is imagined by/is imaginary to x2 3j 10 [also (adjective:) x1 is mental (one sense), x1 is unreal (one sense); in spite of the synonym, note that x2 is imaginary does not imply that it doesn't exist in the real world; the definition is crafted so that one can talk about imaginary things without claiming that they thereby really exist]; (cf. fatci, senva, sucta, zasti, cfika, dacti, menli, sidbo)
mucti mut immaterial x1 is immaterial/not physical/without material form 6b 8 (cf. marji, menli, pruxi, sidbo)
jinru jir immerse x1 (object/person) is immersed/submerged/bathes in liquid x2 6c 11 [take a bath/bathe (= jirsezlu'i)]; (cf. lumci, nenri, jinsa)
vajni vaj vai important 'significant' x1 (object/event) is important/significant to x2 (person/event) in aspect/for reason x3 (nu/ka) 8c 87 [also: x1 matters to x2 in aspect/respect x3]; (cf. banli, ralju, vamji, dirba, kargu, pajni)
nenri ner ne'i in 'inner' x1 is in/inside/within x2; x1 is on the inside/interior of x2 [totally within the bounds of x2] 1e 298 [indicates total containment]; (cf. se vasru (for containment that need not be total), jbini, zvati, cpana, sruri, senta, snuji, bartu, diklo, jibni, jinru, setca)
joi jol joi in a mass with non-logical connective: mixed conjunction; "and" meaning "mixed together", forming a mass aq 0
ce'o ce'o in a sequence with non-logical connective: ordered sequence link; "and then", forming a sequence at 0 (cf. porsi, cmavo list ce)
ce cec in a set with non-logical connective: set link, unordered; "and also", but forming a set at 0 (cf. cmima, cmavo list ce'o)
jo'u jo'u in common with non-logical connective: in common with; along with (unmixed) -
zenba zen ze'a increase 'augment' x1 (experiencer) increases/is incremented/augmented in property/quantity x2 by amount x3 a 35 (cf. jdika, zmadu, banro, jmina)
bindo bid Indonesian x1 reflects Indonesian culture/nationality/language in aspect x2 ab 1 (cf. bindo, meljo, baxso)
gundi gud industry x1 is industry/industrial/systematic manufacturing activity producing x2 by process/means x3 8c 0 (cf. cupra, fanri, rutni, zbasu)
cifnu cif infant x1 is an infant/baby [helpless through youth/incomplete development] of species x2 3b 22 [also infantile]; (cf. makcu, verba)
cimni infinite x1 is infinite/unending/eternal in property/dimension x2, to degree x3 (quantity)/of type x3 al 17 [also everlasting, eternity, (= cimnytei), eternal (= cimnyteikai or temcimni)] (cf. vitno, renvi, munje, fanmo, sisti)
xlura xlu influence 'lure' x1 (agent) influences/lures/tempts x2 into action/state x3 by influence/threat/lure x4 7j 24 [also impresses; x4 is alluring (= trivelxlu for place reordering); x3 may be an achieved action/state, or an attempt to perform an action/enter a state)]; (x3 and x4 are normally events or states); (cf. djica, mukti, trina, jitro, sazri, tcica, xance, stidi, kajde, maksi)
cfari cfa initiate x1 [state/event/process] commences/initiates/starts/begins to occur; (intransitive verb) 2c 104 (cf. sisti, krasi, fanmo)
co'a co'a initiative interval event contour: at the starting point of ...; initiative >|< | - [beginning (= co'a(r)-)]; (cf. cfari, krasi, clira)
xrani xai injure 'hurt' x1 (event) injures/harms/damages victim x2 in property x3 (ka) resulting in injury x4 (state) 4c 82 [also hurts]; (cf. cortu, daspo, spofu, katna, porpi)
xinmo xim ink x1 is a quantity of ink of color/pigment x2 used by writing device x3 ao 0 (cf. penbi)
jinzi jiz innate x1 (property - ka) is an innate/inherent/intrinsic/natural property/quality/aspect of x2 7j 10 (cf. lakne, rarna, stati, cmavo list ka'e, tcaci)
cinki insect x1 is an insect/arthropod of species x2; [bug/beetle] 6c 17 (cf. civla, danlu, jalra, jukni, manti, sfani, toldi, bifce)
setca se'a insert x1 (agent) inserts/interposes/puts/deposits x2 into interior x3/into among/between members of x3 6f 37 [insertion need not imply a significant degree of 'filling'; inject (= je'erse'a); syringe/needle (= se'arterje'e, je'erse'atci, jestu'u or tu'urjesni); also pour, inflate, stuff, fill]; (cf. rinci, tisna, punji, jbini, nenri, jmina, culno, kunti, catlu)
binra insure x1 insures/indemnifies x2 (person) against peril x3 (event) providing benefit(s) x4 (event) a 0 [also x3 loss; sell/purchase insurance (= binryve'u), premium (= binrydi'a, or binryvelve'u)]; (cf. bandu, cirko, betri, basti, bilma)
carmi cam cai intense x1 is intense/bright/saturated/brilliant in property (ka) x2 as received/measured by observer x3 1a 143 [also lustrous, gleaming, sparkling, shining (all probably better metaphorically combined with gusni: gusycai or camgu'i); in colors, refers principally to increased saturation (with opposite kandi)]; (cf. denmi, gusni, kandi, ruble, skari, tilju, tsali, mutce, blabi, blanu, bunre, cicna, crino, grusi, narju, nukni, pelxu, xekri, xunre, zirpu)
cinri ci'i interesting 'interests' x1 (abstraction) interests/is interesting to x2; x2 is interested in x1 8b 62 [use x1 tu'a for non-specific interest in an object; interested in (= selci'i)]; (cf. zdile, kucli, manci, kurji)
zunti zun zu'i interfere 'hinder' x1 (evt./state) interferes with/hinders/disrupts x2 (evt./state/process) due to quality x3 (ka) a 39 [also blocks, obstructs, baffles; not necessarily forcing cessation] (cf. fanta, dicra, fliba, fanza, raktu, klina, bandu, cfipu, ganlo)
dicra dir interrupt 'disturb, disrupt' x1 (event) interrupts/stops/halts/[disrupts] x2 (object/event/process) due to quality x3 4d 60 [also disturbs (one sense)]; (cf. zunti, fanza, raktu, denpa)
kruca kuc intersect 'cross' x1 intersects/crosses/traverses x2 at locus x3 5d 31 (cf. cripu, ragve)
ku'a kuz intersection non-logical connective: intersection of sets at 0
jijnu jij intuit x1 (person) intuits x2 (du'u) about subject x3; [epistemology] 7j 1 [words usable for epistemology typically have a du'u place]; (cf. djuno, facki, jimpe, jinvi, nabmi, pensi, sidbo, smadi)
finti fin fi'i invent x1 invents/creates/composes/authors x2 for function/purpose x3 from existing elements/ideas x4 8b 120 [x1 is creative/inventive]; (cf. cmavo list fi'e, ciska, pemci, zbasu, larcu, specific works of authorship, prosa, skina)
zivle ziv vle invest x1 (agent) invests resources x2 in investment x3 expecting return/profit x4 (object(s)/event) 8d 4 [also ties up/[risks/gambles]; x1 is an investor; x2 are invested assets of x1; bond (= jertervle)]; (cf. prali, canja, jbera, dejni, ponse)
zo'i zor zo'i inward location tense relation/direction; nearer than .../inward/approaching from ... at 0 (cf. nenri, setca)
rakso Iraqi x1 reflects Iraqi culture/nationality in aspect x2 ab 1 (cf. xrabo)
tirse tir iron x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of iron (Fe); [metaphor: strong, durable, tarnishing] ag 5 [also (adjective:) x1 is ferric/ferrous]; (cf. jinme, gasta, molki)
ranxi rax irony x1 is ironic(al)/contrary to expectation x2 in state/property/aspect x3 a 5 (cf. dukti, frica, cizra)
vitci vit irregular 'intermittent' x1 is irregular/occasional/intermittent in property/action/aspect x2 9b 6 (cf. ranji, rufsu, suksa)
muslo mus Islamic x1 pertains to the Islamic/Moslem/Koranic [Quranic] culture/religion/nation in aspect x2 ac 11 [also Muslim]; (cf. jegvo, lijda)
daplu plu island x1 is an island/atoll/key of [material/properties] x2 in surroundings/body x3; x1 is insular ap 3 (cf. lalxu, rirxe, xamsi, dirgo)
fo'a fo'a it-6 pro-sumti: he/she/it/they #6 (specified by goi) at 0
fo'e fo'e it-7 pro-sumti: he/she/it/they #7 (specified by goi) at 0
fo'i fo'i it-8 pro-sumti: he/she/it/they #8 (specified by goi) at 0
ponjo pon po'o Japanese 'Nippon' x1 reflects Japanese culture/nationality/language in aspect x2 ab 4 (cf. xazdo, daplu)
xedja xej xe'a jaw x1 is a/the jaw [body-part] of x2 1c 17 (cf. stedu)
jilra jealous x1 (person) is jealous of/envies x2 (person) about/for x3 (property - ka) 9d 4 (cf. cinmo)
jegvo jeg je'o Jehovist x1 pertains to the common Judeo-Christian-Moslem culture/religion/nationality in aspect x2 ac 24 [also Muslim]; (cf. lijda, muslo, dadjo, xriso)
jduli dul jdu jelly x1 is a quantity of jelly/semisolid [texture] of material/composition including x2 ah 1 [(adjective:) x1 is gelatinous]; (cf. litki, sligu)
jetce je'e jet x1 is a jet [expelled stream] of material x2 expelled from x3 a 3 (cf. sputu, vamtu)
jibri jib job x1 is a job/occupation/employment/vocation (a type of work regularly done for pay) of person x2 2n 45 [working for another (= selplijibri)]; (cf. briju, gunka, te jerna which is employment specifically for pay and not specifically for another, te pilno which is employment not necessarily for pay and not necessarily regular or lasting but for another, se gasnu and se zukte for incidental activities)
jorne jon jo'e joined x1 is joined to/connects to/is united with x2 at common locus x3; x1 and x2 are a union 6f 34 [also joined/fastened/attached by joint x3/by means of x3/with fastener x3; fastener (= jo'etci, jonvelyla'a); train, sequence of joined objects (= jonpoi; porjo'e for a single object joined into a sequence)]; (cf. lasna, fenso, kansa, pencu, penmi)
gunma gum jointly 'mass' x1 is a mass/team/aggregate/whole, together composed of components x2, considered jointly 5a 25 [A description in x1 indicates of mass property(ies) displayed by the mass; masses may reveal properties not found in the individual set members that are massified, which themselves are not necessarily relevant to the mass property implicit in this bridi]; (cf. bende, girzu, pagbu, cmavo list loi, lei, lai, ciste, cmima, kansa, tinci)
jordo jor jo'o Jordanian x1 reflects Jordanian culture/nationality in aspect x2 ab 1 (cf. filso)
karni journal x1 is a journal/periodical/magazine/[newspaper] with content x2 published by x3 for audience x4 8b 56 [x2 may be a subject, but not all journals have a single subject; all have some sort of principle defining what is included, so this need not be a list]; (cf. papri, pelji, tcidu)
pajni pai judge x1 judges/referees/arbitrates/is a judge determining/deciding matter x2 (abstract) 2f 39 [x2 includes jei = rule (jetpai), ni = estimate (lairpai), ka = evaluate (kairpai or vampai), or nu = referee/arbitrate (faurpai); single events of judging including specific decisions/judgements (= paijdi, jetpaijdi, lairpaijdi, kairpaijdi, vampaijdi, faurpaijdi); jury (= pairkamni), serve on a jury (= kamnypai, as part of mass x1)]; (cf. cuxna, jdice, vajni, cipra, zekri, manri, mansa)
jisra juice x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of juice/nectar from-source/of-type x2 2j 6 [water-based extract from a (generally) biological source] (cf. pinxe, djacu, grute, stagi)
kelvo ke'o kelvin x1 is x2 degree(s) Kelvin [metric unit] in temperature (default is 1) by standard x3 af 1 (cf. gradu, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro)
ckiku kik key x1 is a key fitting/releasing/opening/unlocking lock x2, and having relevant properties x3 ao 20 [also x2 fastener, mechanism; code key (= termifckiku, kiktermifra); x3 is dependent on the type of key, but are those form properties of the key that enable it to serve the function of opening the lock - in the case of a metal key to a padlock, for example, this would be the shaft and teeth]; (cf. stela)
tikpa tip kick x1 kicks [hits with x1's foot/feet x4] x2 in/at locus x3, using x1's foot/feet x4 2b 15 (cf. tunta, darxi)
catra kill 'slaughter' x1 (agent) kills/slaughters/murders x2 by action/method x3 8g 82 (cf. morsi, xarci)
xendo xed xe'o kind x1 (person) is kind to x2 in actions/behavior x3 9c 23 (cf. cinmo, kecti, pendo, kusru)
cinba kiss 'buss' x1 (agent) kisses/busses x2 at locus x3 5g 17 (cf. ctebi)
cidni cid knee x1 is a/the knee/elbow/knuckle [hinged joint, body-part] of limb x2 of body x3 1c 8 [metaphor: a sharp bend/curve] (cf. korcu, jarco, jganu)
dakfu dak knife x1 is a knife (tool) for cutting x2, with blade of material x3 1f 19 (cf. denci, balre, katna, tunta, forca, smuci, kinli)
nivji niv knit x1 (agent) knits x2 [cloth/object] from yarn/thread x3 a 0 (cf. cilta, fenso, jivbu, pijne)
jgena jge knot x1 is a knot/tangle in/between x2 (object/jo'u-objects) a 0 [knot (verb = jgegau, jgezu'e, jgeri'a, jgela'a), knot: fastening between two or more cords (= jgeterjo'e)]; (cf. pluja, julne, lasna, skori)
djuno jun ju'o know x1 knows fact(s) x2 (du'u) about subject x3 by epistemology x4 1h 375 [words usable for epistemology typically have a du'u place; know how to - implying knowledge of method but not necessarily having the ability to practice (= tadjyju'o)] (cf. know/familiar with: se slabu, na'e cnino, na'e fange; cmavo list du'o, cilre, certu, facki, jijnu, jimpe, senpi, smadi, kakne, birti, mipri, morji, saske, viska)
tcita label 'tag' x1 is a label/tag of x2 showing information x3 4d 219 (cf. sinxa, cmene, judri)
lalxu la'u lake 'lagoon' x1 is a lake/lagoon/pool at site/within land mass x2 6c 61 (cf. daplu, djacu, rirxe, xamsi, zbani)
tumla tum tu'a land x1 is a parcel/expanse of land at location x2; x1 is terrain 8d 12 (cf. vacri, xamsi; tutra, which need not be land, gugde, xamsi)
bangu ban bau language x1 is a/the language/dialect used by x2 to express/communicate x3 (si'o/du'u, not quote) 1b 162 [also tongue]; (cf. tance, cusku, ve tavla, valsi, gerna, jufra, natmi, slaka)
lerci lec late x1 (event) is late by standard x2 2g 31 (cf. clira)
latmo la'o Latin x1 reflects Latin/Roman/Romance culture/empire/language in aspect x2 ab 13 (cf. ropno, fraso, spano, xispo)
cmila mi'a laugh 'smile' x1 laughs (emotional expression) 1g 64 [x1 laughs at x2 (= mi'afra)]; (cf. ckasu, frumu, xajmi, cisma)
cecla cel ce'a launcher x1 launches/fires/shoots projectile/missile x2, propelled by x3 [propellant/propulsion] a 4 [also: x1 is a gun/launcher/cannon; x1 hurls/throws/casts (more general than renro in that propulsion need not be internal to x1)]; (cf. renro, danti, jakne, jbama, spoja)
flalu fla law x1 is a law specifying x2 (state/event) for community x3 under conditions x4 by lawgiver(s) x5 8d 5 [x1 is a legality; x2 is legal/licit/legalized/a legality (= selfla for reordered places)]; (cf. javni, ritli, zekri, pulji, tinbe)
senta set layer 'stratum' x1 is a layer/stratum [shape/form] of x2 [material] within structure/continuum/composite x3 9b 9 (cf. flecu, nenri, rirxe, sepli, snuji, jbini, bitmu, sruri, serti)
lazni lazy x1 (person) is lazy/avoiding work/effort concerning action x2 a 9 (cf. nejni, vreta, gunka)
cnisa nis lead x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of lead (Pb); [metaphor: heavy, malleable, soft metal] ag 3 (cf. jinme, tinci)
pezli pez leaf x1 is a leaf of plant x2; x1 is foliage of x2 5b 26 (cf. tricu, papri, spati)
plipe pip pi'e leap x1 (agent/object) leaps/jumps/springs/bounds to x2 from x3 reaching height x4 propelled by x5 1g 54 [place structure parallels klama; hence x4 may be a route-like expression]; (cf. bajra, stapa, cpare, lafti)
cilre cli learn x1 learns x2 (du'u) about subject x3 from source x4 (obj./event) by method x5 (event/process) 1h 85 (cf. ctuca, tadni, djuno, ckule)
cliva liv li'a leave x1 leaves/goes away/departs/parts/separates from x2 via route x3 1g 115 [also: x1 leaves behind/takes leave of x2]; (cf. litru. canci, vimcu, lebna, litru, muvdu)
lubno lu'o Lebanese x1 reflects Lebanese culture/nationality in aspect x2 ab 1 (cf. xrabo)
zunle zul left x1 is to the left/left-hand side of x2 which faces/in-frame-of-reference x3 1e 38 [also x3 is the standard of orientation for x2]; (cf. cmavo list zu'a, pritu, mlana, crane, trixe, farna)
tuple tup tu'e leg x1 is a/the leg [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: supporting branch] 1c 71 (cf. stani, zbepi, jamfu, jimca, sanli)
lenjo len le'o lens x1 is a lens/glass [focussing shape/form] focussing x2 to focus/foci x3 by means/material x4 ao 4 [(adjective:) x1 is optical; focussing may be optical or otherwise, hence x2 which may be light, sound, X-ray, etc., default is light/optical lens; ka is refraction] (cf. kacma, minra)
mleca mec me'a less x1 is less than x2 in property/quantity x3 (ka/ni) by amount x4 6k 57 [also negative (= nonme'a)]; (cf. cmavo list me'a, cmavo list su'o, jdika, zmadu, traji)
curmi cru let 'permit' x1 (agent) lets/permits/allows x2 (event) under conditions x3; x1 grants privilege x2 8e 57 [sufficient condition (= crutcini), agent that permits a situation (= tcinycru)]; (cf. rinju, banzu, ralte, jimte, jaspu, zifre)
xatra xa'a letter x1 is a letter/missive/[note] to intended audience x2 from author/originator x3 with content x4 4i 76 (cf. notci, which has places in a different order; the emphasis in xatra is on the communication between author and recipient, and not the content, which in a letter may not easily be categorized to a 'subject'; ciska, mrilu, papri)
lerfu ler le'u letteral x1 (la'e zo BY/word-bu) is a letter/digit/symbol in alphabet/character-set x2 representing x3 3a 215 [also x1 glyph, rune, character (also me'o BY/word-bu), x2 symbol set; (adjective:) x1 is alphabetic/symbolic; "letteral" used by analogy with "numeral"; sinxa is the more generic symbol]; (cf. mifra, namcu, sinxa, pandi)
pinta pin level 'horizontal' x1 is flat/level/horizontal in gravity/frame of reference x2 9b 8 (cf. sraji, plita, xutla)
vraga vra lever x1 is a lever [tool] [of apparatus] for doing x2 [function/action], with fulcrum x3 and arm x4 a 4 (cf. tutci, pulni)
xalbo levity 'frivolous' x1 uses levity/is non-serious/frivolous about x2 (abstraction) a 18 (cf. junri, linto)
libjo lib Libyan x1 reflects Libyan culture/nationality in aspect x2 ab 1 (cf. friko, xrabo, muslo)
lafti laf lift x1 (force) lifts/applies raising/supporting force to x2 at locus x3 in gravity well x4 8h 36 [(x1 may be an abstract); verb lift/raise/elevate (= lafmuvgau)] (cf. farlu, plipe)
lindi lid lightning x1 is lightning/electrical arc/thunderbolt striking at/extending to x2 from x3 4h 24 [also thunder (= lidysna)]; (cf. dikca)
linto li'o lightweight x1 is light in mass/weight by standard x2 9b 3 (cf. junta, tilju; se xalbo, kandi for metaphor)
jimte jit limit x1 is a limit/extreme/bound/border/[confinement] of x2 in property/domain x3 7e 15 [restrain/constrain within limits (= jitri'u, jitygau, jityzu'e)]; (cf. cmavo list ji'e, traji, korbi, kuspe, rinju, bapli, curmi, fanta, jbini)
linji lij li'i line x1 is a line/among lines [1-dimensional shape/form] defined by set of points x2 9b 10 [ray/vector (farli'i or porli'i)]; (cf. kruvi, sirji, jganu, kantu, mokca)
matli linen x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of linen/flax [type of fabric/material] ah 12 (cf. bukpu)
cinfo lion x1 is a lion/[lioness] of species/breed x2 ai 5 (cf. mlatu)
ctebi teb lip 'labial' x1 is a/the lip [body-part]/rim of orifice x2 of body x3; (adjective:) x1 is labial aa 10 (cf. moklu, korbi, cinba)
litki lik liquid x1 is liquid/fluid, of composition/material including x2, under conditions x3 6b 11 [conditions include temperature and pressure]; (cf. cilmo, djacu, lumci, runta, pambe, sudga, gapci, sligu, flecu, jduli)
jikru liquor x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of liquor/spirits distilled from x2 2j 3 (cf. barja, vanju, birje, xalka)
liste ste list x1 (physical object) is a list/catalog/register of sequence/set x2 in order x3 in medium x4 7c 32 [also roll, log]; (x2 is completely specified); (cf. porsi, girzu, cmima for mental objects wherein order is of varying importance; some manifested order is intrinsic to a physical list, but the specific order may be incidental and not intentional/purposeful)
litce lic liter x1 is x2 liter(s) [metric unit] in volume (default is 1) by standard x3 af 0 (cf. merli, grake, mitre, dekpu, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro)
jmive miv ji'e live x1 lives/is alive by standard x2; x1 is an organism/living thing 4c 149 [(adjective:) x1 is vital, organic]; (cf. lifri, morsi, stuzi, zvati, xabju)
livga liver x1 is a/the liver [body-part] of x2 aa 0 (cf. rango, betfu)
diklo klo local x1 is local to x2; x1 is confined to locus x2 within range x3 5d 426 [indicates a specific location/value within a range; e.g. a hits b. What is the locality on b that a hits? Thus x1 is associated with a specific narrow region/interval x2 of wider space/range x3]; (cf. cmavo list di'o, jibni, zvati, cpana, nenri, lamji, stuzi, tcila)
stela tel lock x1 is a lock/seal of/on/for sealing x2 with/by locking mechanism x3 ao 17 (cf. ckiku)
dugri dug logarithm x1 is the logarithm of x2 with base x3 ar 1 (cf. tenfa)
logji loj logic x1 [rules/methods] is a logic for deducing/concluding/inferring/reasoning to/about x2 (du'u) 7a 24 [also (adjective:) x1, x2 are logical]; (cf. nibli)
lojbo lob jbo Lojbanic x1 reflects [Loglandic]/Lojbanic language/culture/nationality/community in aspect x2 1b 0 [pre-Lojban forms of Loglan (= dzejbo)] (cf. bangu, logji)
clani cla long x1 is long in dimension/direction x2 (default longest dimension) by measurement standard x3 9b 90 (cf. slabu, condi, ganra, rotsu, tordu, barda, ganra, gutci, minli, rotsu)
catlu cta look x1 looks at/examines/views/inspects/regards/watches/gazes at x2 1g 259 [also look through (= grecta, ravycta, bacycta); note that English "look" often means a more generic "observe"]; (cf. jvinu, minra, simlu, viska, lanli, zgana, setca, viska)
clupa cup loop x1 is a loop/circuit of x2 [material] 9b 3 [also noose (= skoclupa, saljgeclupa; there is no indication of shape, but merely that the ends join/meet); closed curve defined by set of points (= cuptai)]; (cf. djine)
kluza luz loose 'blouse' x1 (obj.) is loose/bloused/not tight on x2 (obj.) at locus x3 3f 6 (cf. tagji, trati, rinju)
cirko cri lose x1 loses person/thing x2 at/near x3; x1 loses property/feature x2 in conditions/situation x3 8g 39 [x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event (rare for cirko), or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'ecri, posyselcri for unambiguous semantics)]; (cf. facki, ralte, sisku, claxu, jinga, pleji, canja, sfasa, dapma, binra, mipri)
latna lotus x1 is a lotus, plant/flower/herb of species/strain x2 symbolizing x3 to culture/religion x4 aj 1 (cf. budjo, censa, lijda, spati)
cladu lau loud x1 is loud/noisy at observation point x2 by standard x3 2g 93 (cf. savru)
civla civ louse x1 is a louse/flea [blood-sucking arthropod] of species/breed x2, parasitic on x3 ai 0 (cf. cinki, jalra)
prami pam pa'i love x1 loves/feels strong affectionate devotion towards x2 (object/state) 9d 115 [also: x1 is loving towards x2, x1 is a lover of x2 (one sense), x2 is beloved by x1 (= selpa'i for reordered places)]; (cf. cinmo, xebni, nelci, djica, sinma, pluka, kurji, pendo, speni)
dizlo diz dzi low x1 is low/down/downward in frame of reference x2 as compared with baseline/standard height x3 2d 91 [also lower; x3 is generally some defined distance above a zero point/baseline, or is that baseline itself]; (cf. cnita, galtu, gapru, farna, loldi)
funca fun fu'a luck 'fortune' x1 (event/property) is determined by the luck/fortune of x2; (note mabla/zabna not implied) 4d 17 (cf. cunso, mabla, zabna)
lunra lur lunar x1 is Earth's moon (default); x1 is a major natural satellite/moon of planet x2 am 36 (cf. plini, solri, terdi, mluni)
fepri lung 'pulmonary' x1 is a/the lung [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: breathing/respiratory apparatus/bellows] aa 0 [also (adjective:) x1 is pulmonary]; (cf. pambe, vasxu)
minji mi'i machine x1 is a machine for use/function x2; [automated apparatus, without direct function control] 7g 13 [also machinery/mechanism; a machine is initiated/triggered by an agent/force, but thereafter performs its function automatically; if self-directed, (a minji is an) entity (= zukte)]; (cf. cabra, matra, tutci, zukte, pilno, skami)
nukni nuk magenta 'fuchsin' x1 is magenta/fuchsia/purplish-red [color adjective] 1a 3 (cf. skari, blabi, xekri, kandi, carmi, xunre, zirpu)
makfa maf magic x1 is magic/supernatural/sorcery/witchcraft/wizardry to x2, performed by person/force/deity x3 a 50 (cf. krici, manci)
maksi mak magnet x1 is magnetic [adjective] producing magnetic field x2 a 1 (cf. dikca, trina, xlura)
mrilu mri mail x1 mails/posts [transfer via intermediary service] x2 to x3 from x4 by carrier/network/system x5 4i 15 [also x4 post office, mailbox]; (cf. benji [in which the medium need not be a 3rd party service/system, and x2 need not consist of discrete units], notci, xatra, tcana)
zumri zmu maize x1 is a quantity of maize/corn [grain] of species/strain x2 aj 8 (cf. gurni)
zbasu zba make x1 makes/assembles/builds/manufactures/creates x2 out of materials/parts/components x3 7f 217 [should not be used to express causation]; (cf. cupra, larcu, rutni, finti, gundi)
baxso Malay-Indonesian 'Bahasa' x1 reflects Malay-Indonesian common language/culture in aspect x2 ab 2 (cf. meljo, bindo)
meljo mej Malaysian x1 reflects Malaysian/Malay culture/nationality/language in aspect x2 ab 1 (cf. baxso, bindo)
nakni nak male 'masculine' x1 is a male/buck of species x2 evidencing masculine trait(s) x3 (ka); x1 is masculine 4b 31 (cf. fetsi, bersa)
mabru mab mammal x1 is a mammal/'animal'/beast of species x2 6c 7 (cf. danlu, ladru, tatru, ractu, xanto, xarju)
nanmu nau man x1 is a man/men; x1 is a male humanoid person [not necessarily adult] 1k 332 [word dispreferred in metaphor/example as sexist; (use remna or prenu)]; (cf. ninmu, remna, prenu, makcu, nanla, bersa)
macnu cnu manual x1 (event/action/process) is manual [not automatic] in function x2 under conditions x3 7g 1 (cf. zmiku, jitro)
so'i sor so'i many digit/number: many 3a 0
barna ba'a mark x1(s) is a/are mark(s)/spot(s) on x2 of material x3 a 0 [ba'armo'a for a pattern of marks]; (cf. sinxa, pixra, se ciska, se prina)
zarci zac zai market 'mart' x1 is a market/store/exchange/shop(s) selling/trading (for) x2, operated by/with participants x3 3m 290 [also: mall, marketplace, shopping center, cooperative, bazaar, trading post, mart; the concept is the function of selling/exchanging coupled with a location, and is more oriented to the larger concept of marketplace than the stalls/shops that comprise it, though it does not exclude the latter individual shops (= zaisle); x3 may include both owners/proprietors and customers in some markets, but in most contexts refers only to the operators]; (cf. vecnu, canja, dinju, banxa)
speni spe married 'spouse' x1 is married to x2; x1 is a spouse of x2 under law/custom/tradition/system/convention x3 9a 92 (cf. prami, gletu)
marxa max mash x1 [force] mashes/crushes/squashes/smashes x2 into pulp/mash/crumbs/deformed mass x3 a 6 (cf. daspo, pesxu, zalvi, bapli)
matci mat x1 is a mat/pad/mattress/pallet [flat, soft, dense form] of material x2 a 13 [also mattress = (kicymatci)]; (cf. kicne, tapla, karda, ckana)
sacki match x1 is a match [incendiary device] made of x2 a 0 (cf. fagri, jelca)
marji maj mai material 'matter' x1 is material/stuff/matter of type/composition including x2 in shape/form x3 6b 29 [also (adjective:) x1 is physical (one sense)/material]; (cf. morna, mucti, nejni, tarmi, dacti)
cmaci mathematics x1 is a mathematics of type/describing x2 7e 10 (cf. mekso)
makcu ma'u mature x1 is mature/ripe/fully-grown/adult in development-quality x2 (ka) 9c 18 (cf. cifnu, ninmu, verba, banro, farvi, nanmu)
mi mib me pro-sumti: me/we the speaker(s)/author(s); identified by self-vocative 1d 0 (cf. sevzi)
sanmi sai meal x1 (mass) is a meal composed of dishes including x2 5c 84 [x2 is a course/dish of meal x1 (= selsai for reordered places)]; (cf. barja, stasu, gusta, sanso)
smuni mun smu meaning x1 is a meaning/interpretation of x2 recognized/seen/accepted by x3 3j 135 [referential meaning (=selsni, snismu)]; (cf. jimpe, sinxa, valsi, tanru, gismu, lujvo, cmavo, jufra)
merli mre measure x1 (agent) measures/evaluates x2 [quantity] as x3 units on scale x4 (si'o), with accuracy x5 al 14 (cf. kancu, rupnu, fepni, dekpu, gutci, minli, merli, bunda, ckilu, gradu, satci, centi, cimde, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, kramu, litce, manri, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro)
rectu rec re'u meat 'flesh' x1 is a quantity of/contains meat/flesh from source/animal x2 5b 30 (cf. sluji)
penmi pen pe'i meet x1 meets/encounters x2 at/in location x3 1g 125 (cf. jorne, jikca, pencu)
guzme guz zme melon x1 is a melon/squash [fruit/plant] of species/strain x2 aj 0 (cf. grute)
runme rum melt 'runny' x1 melts [becomes liquid from solid state] at temperature x2 and pressure x3 a 2 [x1 runs (= rumfle)]; (cf. dunja, febvi, lunsa, bisli)
cmima mim cmi member x1 is a member/element of set x2; x1 belongs to group x2; x1 is amid/among/amongst group x2 7c 117 [x1 may be a complete or incomplete list of members; x2 is normally marked by la'i/le'i/lo'i, defining the set in terms of its common property(ies), though it may be a complete enumeration of the membership]; (cf. ciste, porsi, jbini, girzu, gunma, klesi, cmavo list mei, kampu, lanzu, liste)
margu mag mercury x1 is a quantity of/contains/made of mercury/quicksilver; [metaphor: fluid metal; temperature] ag 2 (cf. jinme)
notci not noi message 'note' x1 is a message/notice/memorandum about subject x2 from author x3 to intended audience x4 4i 78 [emphasis on brevity, single or identifiable subject (contrast with xatra: the emphasis in notci is on the single or cohesively focused subject, while the audience is less defined - indeed only an 'intended' audience. xatra need not have a single or focussed subject - its corresponding place is for 'content'); reminder/memo/note (= mojnoi)]; (cf. xatra, nuzba, mrilu, morji)
jinme jim metal x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of made of metal of composition including x2 ah 6 [(adjective:) x1 is metallic]; (cf. cnisa, gasta, lastu, margu, nikle, ransu, romge, sodna, tinci, tirse, tunka, zinki, kunra, sodva)
mitre tre meter x1 is x2 meter(s) [metric unit] in length (default 1) measured in direction x3 by standard x4 af 0 (cf. kilto, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, gutci, litce, megdo, mikri, milti, minli, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro)
tadji method x1 [process] is a method/technique/approach/means for doing x2 (event) under conditions x3 8f 37 [also practice/way/mode; style/manner/conduct (= tratadji); pattern (= montadji, tadjymo'a, or platadji, tadjypla)]; (cf. ciste, pruce, zukte, pluta, cmavo list tai)
mekso mek me'o MEX x1 [quantifier/expression] is a mathematical expression interpreted under rules/convention x2 7e 88 (cf. cmaci, dilcu, fancu, frinu, jalge, namcu, parbi, pilji)
mexno mex Mexican x1 reflects Mexican culture/nationality in aspect x2 ab 1 (cf. xispo, bemro, spano)
midju mij middle x1 is in/at the middle/center/midpoint/[is a focus] of x2; (adjective:) x1 is central 2d 31 (cf. lanxe, jbini, nutli, snuji, milxe, denmi, ralju)
milxe mli mild x1 is mild/non-extreme/gentle/middling/somewhat in property x2 (ka); x1 is not very x2 6k 58 (cf. mutce, traji, kandi, ruble, midju, nutli, ralci, traji)
minli mile x1 is x2 (default 1) long local distance unit(s) [non-metric], x3 subunits, standard x4 al 1 (additional subunit places may be added as x5, x6, ...); (cf. mitre, kilto, clani, ganra, condi, rotsu, rupnu, fepni, dekpu, gutci, minli, merli, bunda, kramu)
bilni bil military x1 is military/regimented/is strongly organized/prepared by system x2 for purpose x3 a 0 [also paramilitary; soldier in its broadest sense - not limited to those trained/organized as part of an army to defend a state (= bilpre)]; (cf. jenmi for a military force, sonci, ganzu, pulji)
ladru lad milk 'lactic' x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of milk from source x2; (adjective:) x1 is lactic/dairy 2j 16 (cf. lanbi, mabru, tatru, cirla, kruji)
molki mlo mill x1 is a mill/foundry/industrial plant/[assembly line] performing process x2 ap 0 [(unlike fanri,) need not produce a product; grain mill (= grumlo), grinding mill (= zalmlo, zalmlotci, zalmloca'a)]; (cf. gasta, gurni, tirse, fanri, zalvi)
cunmi millet x1 is a quantity of millet [grain] of species/strain x2 aj 3 (cf. gurni)
menli men mind 'mental' x1 is a mind/intellect/psyche/mentality/[consciousness] of body x2 3l 26 [(adjective:) x1 is mental/psychological/a mental phenomenon; multiple personalities (= so'i menli)]; (cf. besna, morji, mucti, pensi, sanji, xanri, sevzi, xadni)
kunra kun mineral 'mined' x1 is/contains/is made from a mineral/ore of type/metal x2 mined from location/lode/mine x3 6c 5 (cf. jinme, bisli, rokci, jemna)
mentu met me'u minute x1 is x2 minutes in duration (default is 1 minute) by standard x3 3e 12 (cf. junla, cacra, snidu, tcika)
vrici miscellaneous 'various' x1 (set/mass/ind.) is miscellaneous/various/assorted in property x2 (ka) 6f 46 (cf. klesi, girzu, frica, simsa, panra)
mixre mix xre mixture x1 (mass) is a mixture/blend/colloid/commingling with ingredients including x2 5c 19 [x2 mingles/mixes/blends into x1; x2 is in x1, an ingredient/part/component/element of x1 (= selxre for reordered places)]; (cf. salta, te runta, stasu, jicla, sanso)
cmoni cmo co'i moan x1 utters moan/groan/howl/scream [non-linguistic utterance] x2 expressing x3 (property) 4c 32 [also shriek, most animal sounds, e.g. bark, cackle, meow, neigh, moo, honk, baa, crow] (cf. krixa, bacru, cusku, cortu)
galfi gaf ga'i modify 'alter' x1 (event) modifies/alters/changes/transforms/converts x2 into x3 2c 97 [agentive, resultative change]; (cf. stika for non-resultative, binxo for not-necessarily agentive change, cenba for non-resultative change; zasni)
cilmo cim moist x1 is moist/wet/damp with liquid x2 6f 53 (cf. litki, lunsa, sudga)
mledi led mold x1 is a mold/fungus/mushrooms/truffles of species/strain x2 parasitic/growing on x3 aj 5 (cf. clika)
molro mo'o mole x1 is x2 mole(s) [metric unit] in substance (default is 1) by standard x3 af 2 (cf. centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro)
jdini din di'i money 'dinero' x1 is money/currency issued by x2; (adjective:) x1 is financial/monetary/pecuniary/fiscal 5e 44 ['currency' sometimes is restricted to paper money (= pledi'i)]; (cf. fepni, jdima, rupnu, sicni, canja, rupnu)
smani monkey 'simian' x1 is a monkey/ape/simian/baboon/chimpanzee of species/breed x2 ai 0 (cf. mabru, danlu)
masti ma'i month x1 is x2 months in duration (default is 1 month) by month standard x3 3e 36 [this month (= cabma'i); next month (= bavla'ima'i); last month (= prula'ima'i)]; (cf. detri, djedi, jeftu, nanca)
marde mad morals x1 are the ethics/morals/moral standards/ethical standards of x2 (ind./mass) about situation x3 a 6 [x1 will (typically) be an abstract, a rule or rules of behavior; also principles; also conscience (= sezmarde)]; (cf. palci, vrude, lijda, manri, javni, tarti, zekri)
zmadu zma mau more x1 exceeds/is more than x2 in property/quantity x3 (ka/ni) by amount/excess x4 6k 248 [also positive (= nonmau)]; (cf. cmavo list mau, mleca, zenba, jmina, bancu, dukse, traji)
cerni cer morning x1 is a morning [dawn until after typical start-of-work for locale] of day x2 at location x3 3e 35 [this morning (= cabdeicerni); tomorrow morning (= bavlamcerni); yesterday morning (= prulamcerni, prulamdeicerni)](cf. vanci, murse, tcika)
morko mor Moroccan x1 reflects Moroccan culture/nationality in aspect x2 ab 1 (cf. friko, xrabo, muslo)
clika mossy x1 is a moss/lichen of species/strain x2 growing on x3; (adjective:) x1 is mossy aj 8 (cf. mledi)
so'e sop most digit/number: most 7e 0
mamta mam mother 'mom' x1 is a mother of x2; x1 bears/mothers/acts maternally toward x2; [not necessarily biological] 4b 128 (cf. patfu, sovda, rirni, rorci, tarbi, famti, bersa, jbena)
mukti muk mu'i motive x1 (action/event/state) motivates/is a motive/incentive for action/event x2, per volition of x3 6a 70 [also; x3 is motivated to bring about result/goal/objective x2 by x1 (= termu'i for reordered places); (note that 'under conditions' BAI may apply and be appropriately added to the main predicate level or within the x2 action level)]; (cf. cmavo list mu'i, nibli, te zukte - generally better for 'goal', se jalge, krinu, rinka, ciksi, djica, xlura)
matra motor x1 is a motor/engine, driving/propelling/providing power to x2 a 0 (cf. marce, minji, carce)
cmana ma'a mountain x1 is a mountain/hill/mound/[rise]/[peak]/[summit]/[highlands] projecting from land mass x2 6c 85 (cf. punli, derxi)
smacu mouse x1 is a mouse of species/breed x2 ai 5 (cf. ratcu)
moklu mol mo'u mouth 'oral' x1 is a/the mouth/oral cavity [body-part] of x2; (metaphor: entrance/intake for consumption) 1c 14 [(adjective:) x1 is oral]; (cf. ctebi, denci, tance)
muvdu muv mu'u move x1 (object) moves to destination/receiver x2 [away] from origin x3 over path/route x4 2b 59 [also mobile (= comymu'u, for the non-specific opposite of immobile); after a muvdu, object is alienated from/no longer at origin (unless physically returned there, per litru or slilu); agentive move (= muvgau, muvzu'e), non-agentive transitive move (= muvri'a), self-propelled (= sezmuvgau), motion of a part of the object (= pagmu'u), having a moving part (= muvypau, muvyselpau); apparent motion (= mlumu'u)]; (cf. rinci, klama (which differs in that the means of motion is explicit), litru, cliva, fatri; dunda, benji for agentive movement that does not necessarily imply alienation from origin, preja for similar movement with no agent implied, bevri, vimcu)
mutce tce much x1 is much/extreme in property x2 (ka), towards x3 extreme/direction; x1 is, in x2, very x3 6k 311 [also very, pretty, a lot, immoderate/immoderately, intense, quite, extremely]; (cf. milxe, traji, banli, carmi, nutli, traji)
pilji pi'i multiply 'multiply' x1 is the product/total/result of factors/multiplicands (x2 and x3) x2 multiplied by x3 7e 1 (cf. mekso, sumji, rapli, jalge)
sluji slu muscle x1 is a/the muscle [body-part] controlling x2, of body x3; [metaphor: tools of physical power] aa 5 [(adjective:) x1/x2/x3 is muscular (different senses)]; (cf. rectu, xadni, zajba)
muzga muz museum x1 is a museum for preserving [and possibly exhibiting] x2 at location x3 ap 8 (cf. citri)
zgike zgi gi'e music x1 is music performed/produced by x2 (event) 5g 55 [x2 event may be person playing instrument, singing, musical source operating/vibrating, etc.; instrument (= zgica'a); play an instrument (= zgica'apli, zgiterca'a, selzgigau, selzgizu'e); song (= sagzgi, selsa'a); voice, as used musically (= zgivo'a); composed music (= finzgi)]; (cf. damri, dansu, flani, janbe, jgita, pipno, rilti, tabra, tonga, xagri, siclu)
simxu sim si'u mutual x1 (set) has members who mutually/reciprocally x2 (event [x1 should be reflexive in 1+ sumti]) 7j 49 [members of x1 do to each other/one another x2, and in return do x2; x1 (plural set) do the same thing x2 to each other]; (cf. kampu, mintu)
ranmi ram myth x1 is a myth/legend, a culturally significant story about x2 in mythos x3 of culture x4 ac 13 [also: x1 is mythical/fairy tale; used adjectivally for non-humanoid creatures (= ramda'u) of story/myth/legend/religion, e.g. dragon; fairy tale (= veryranmi)]; (cf. lijda, lisri, crida)
dinko di'o nail x1 is a nail/tack [pointed driven/frictional fastener] of type/size x2 (ka), made of material x3 ao 0 (x2 also can be ni abstraction); (cf. pijne, lasna)
cmene cme me'e name x1 (quoted word(s)) is a/the name/title/tag of x2 to/used-by namer/name-user x3 (person) 1b 265 [also: x2 is called x1 by x3 (= selcme for reordered places)]; (cf. cmavo list me'e, gismu, tcita, valsi, judri)
jarki jak narrow x1 is narrow in dimension x2 [2nd most significant dimension] by standard x3 6f 37 (cf. caxno, cinla, tordu, tagji, cinla, cmalu)
natmi nat nai nation x1 is a nation/ethnic group of peoples x2; [people sharing a history/culture] ab 42 (cf. jecta, kulnu, lanzu, gugde, bangu, cecmu)
rarna rar natural x1 is natural/spontaneous/instinctive, not [consciously] caused by person(s) 6c 31 (cf. rutni, jinzi, nurma, stati)
jibni jbi near x1 is near/close to/approximates x2 in property/quantity x3 (ka/ni) 2d 95 (cf. darno, nenri, vanbi, jbini, lamji, zvati, cpana, bartu, diklo, stuzi)
sarcu sa'u necessary x1 (abstract) is necessary/required for continuing state/process x2 under conditions x3 3m 57 [also factually necessary, necessity, prerequisite, condition, precondition]; (cf. cmavo list sau, nitcu)
nibli nib ni'i necessitate x1 logically necessitates/entails/implies action/event/state x2 under rules/logic system x3 6a 90 (cf. natfe, rinka, mukti, krinu, cmavo list ni'i, jalge, logji)
cnebo neb ne'o neck x1 is a/the neck [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: a relatively narrow point] 1c 6 (cf. galxe, cutne)
nitcu tcu need x1 needs/requires/is dependent on/[wants] necessity x2 for purpose/action/stage of process x3 3m 79 [no implication of lack]; (cf. banzu, cidja, claxu, pindi, xebni, sarcu, lacri, djica, taske, xagji)
jesni jes needle x1 is a needle [pointed shape/form, not tool] of material x2 ao 2 (cf. konju, pijne, jipno, kinli)
navni neon x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of inert gas of type x2 [neon/argon/radon/xenon] ag 4 [default neon] (cf. xukmi, gapci)
nirna nir nerve x1 is a nerve/neuron [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: information/control network connection] aa 1 [also (adjective:) x1 is neural]; (cf. ve benji)
xanka nervous 'anxious' x1 is nervous/anxious about x2 (abstraction) under conditions x3 9d 24 (cf. xalni, terpa, raktu)
zdani zda nest 'den' x1 is a nest/house/lair/den/[home] of/for x2 4d 280 [home (= tercnizda), house (constructed building) (= zdadi'u)]; (cf. dinju, ginka, kumfa, se xabju)
julne ju'e net x1 is a net/filter allowing passage of x2, prohibiting passage of x3, netting properties x4 ao 3 [also sieve]; (cf. komcu, ciste, jgena)
nutli nul nu'i neutral x1 is neutral/not taking sides/medial/not towards any extreme on scale/in dissension x2 8g 0 [also x2 dispute/struggle (though x2 is not limited to disagreements, which is merely one manifestation of scalar or distributed values in which there is a medial position)]; (cf. midju, lanxe, milxe, mutce, cmavo list no'e)
cnino nin ni'o new x1 is new/unfamiliar/novel to observer x2 in feature x3 (ka) by standard x4; x1 is a novelty 2c 126 (cf. nuzba, slabu, citno, se djuno)
nuzba nuz news x1 (du'u) is news/tidings/new information about subject x2 from source x3, to observer x4 4i 83 (cf. cnino, notci)
nikle nik nickel x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of nickel/other metal resistant to oxidation 5e 6 (cf. jinme)
nicte cte night x1 is a nighttime of day x2 at location x3; (adjective:) x1 is at night/nocturnal 3e 58 [tonight (= cabycte); tomorrow night (= bavlamcte, even when tonight is still in the future); last night (= prulamcte)]; (cf. donri, djedi, tcika)
trano nitrogen x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of nitrogen/ammonia/nitrates ag 1 [(adjective:) x1 is nitric/nitrous]; (cf. vacri)
nobli nol no'i noble x1 is noble/aristocratic/elite/high-born/titled in/under culture/society/standard x2 a 47 [also upper-class; high/low, upper/lower are poor Lojban metaphors; note x2 standard applies when the title/nobility is not recognized culture/society wide; this would include self-assumed titles]; (cf. banli)
savru sav vru noise 'clamor' x1 is a noise/din/clamor [sensory input without useful information] to x2 via sensory channel x3 2g 72 (cf. sance, cladu, kerlo, smaji, tirna, siclu)
zi'o zil nonexistent it pro-sumti: fills a sumti place, deleting it from selbri place structure;changes selbri semantics
cnano na'o norm x1 [value] is a norm/average in property/amount x2 (ka/ni) among x3(s) (set) by standard x4 7e 10 [also mean, normal, usual; (x3 specifies the complete set)]; (cf. tcaci, fadni, kampu, lakne, tarti, rirci)
berti ber north x1 is to the north/northern side [right-hand-rule pole] of x2 according to frame of reference x3 5d 91 (cf. snanu, stici, stuna, farna)
bemro bem be'o North American x1 reflects North American culture/nationality/geography in aspect x2 ab 6 (cf. merko, kadno, xispo, mexno)
nazbi naz zbi nose 'nasal' x1 is the nose [body-part] of x2 with nostril(s)/nasal passage(s) x3; [metaphor: protrusion] 1c 11 [also (adjective:) nasal]; (cf. degji, panci, sumne, tance)
cabna cab now x1 is current at/in the present of/during/concurrent/simultaneous with x2 in time 4a 69 [(default x2 is the present resulting in:) x1 is now; time relationship only, 'aorist' claiming simultaneity does not mean one event does not extend into the past or future of the other] (cf. zvati, balvi, purci, cmavo list ca, cmavo list ca'a)
namcu nac na'u number x1 (li) is a number/quantifier/digit/value/figure (noun); refers to the value and not the symbol 3a 35 (cf. lerfu, mekso, klani)
narge nag nut x1 is a nut [body-part: hard-shelled fruit] from plant/species x2 with shell x3 and kernel x4 aj 0 [also x4 nucleus, center (= velnarge for place reordering)]; (cf. grute, stagi, jbari, midju)
cindu oak x1 is an oak, a type of tree of species/strain x2 aj 2 (cf. tricu)
mavji mav oats x1 is a quantity of oats [grain] of species/strain x2 aj 3 (cf. gurni)
tinbe tib obey x1 obeys/follows the command/rule x2 made by x3; (adjective:) x1 is obedient a 13 (cf. minde, lacri, javni, flalu, zekri)
dacti dai object 'thing' x1 is a material object enduring in space-time; x1 is a thing 1f 44 (cf. marji, xanri)
bilga big obliged x1 is bound/obliged to/has the duty to do/be x2 in/by standard/agreement x3; x1 must do x2 8c 34 [also x3 frame of reference]; (cf. zifre, fuzme)
zgana zga observe x1 observes/[notices]/watches/beholds x2 using senses/means x3 under conditions x4 6m 189 [behold/watch/gaze (= vi'azga); guard/watchman/sentinel (= zgaku'i, jdeku'i)]; (cf. cmavo list ga'a, ganse, viska, catlu, tirna, pencu, sumne, kurji, canci, catlu, jarco, lanli, pinka, simlu)
panci pan odor 'fragrance' x1 is an odor/fragrance/scent/smell emitted by x2 and detected by observer/sensor x3 5c 17 [an undetected emitter is odorless to the observer]; (cf. nazbi, sumne, cpina)
friti fit offer x1 offers/proffers x2 [offering] to x3 with conditions x4 8d 12 [(x4 may be nu canja, nu pleji, etc.; an unconditional offering has the 'condition' of acceptance); x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= posfriti, posyselfriti for unambiguous semantics)]; (cf. canja, dunda, rinsa, vecnu, jdima, cnemu, pleji, vitke)
briju bij office 'bureau' x1 is an office/bureau/work-place of worker x2 at location x3 8c 54 (cf. jibri, gunka)
panzi paz offspring x1 is a [biological] offspring/child/kid/hybrid of parent(s) x2; (adjective:) x1 is filial 4b 23 (cf. grute, verba, bersa, tixnu, se rorci, patfu)
cafne caf often x1 (event) often/frequently/commonly/customarily occurs/recurs by standard x2 6f 11 (cf. rirci, fadni, kampu, rapli, krefu, lakne, cmavo list piso'iroi and similar compounds)
sluni onion x1 is a quantity of/contains onions/scallions of type/cultivar x2 5b 11 (cf. stagi)
kalri kar open x1 (portal/passage/entrance-way) is open/ajar/not shut permitting passage/access to x2 by x3 1e 90 [as a doorway]; (cf. ganlo, pagre, canko, vorme)
sazri saz operate x1 operates/drives/runs x2 [apparatus/machine] with goal/objective/use/end/function x3 8c 47 (cf. gidva, xlura, pilno, tutci, jitro, gunka)
jinvi jiv ji'i opine x1 thinks/opines x2 [opinion] (du'u) is true about subject/issue x3 on grounds x4 3l 161 [words usable for epistemology typically have a du'u place] (cf. cmavo list pe'i, ciksi, jijnu, nabmi, pensi, senpi, sidbo, birti, pinka)
fapro fap pro oppose x1 opposes/balances/contends against opponent(s) x2 (person/force ind./mass) about x3 (abstract) a 17 [also resists]; (cf. bandu, bradi, darlu, damba, jivna, lanxe, rivbi, sarji, xarnu)
dukti dut opposite 'contrary' x1 is polar opposite from/contrary to x2 in property/on scale x3 (property/si'o) 3j 20 (cf. ranxi, ragve, fatne)
narju naj orange x1 is orange [color adjective] 1a 31 (cf. skari, blabi, xekri, kandi, carmi, xunre, pelxu, solji)
cnici nic orderly 'neat' x1 is orderly/neat/ordered in property/quantity x2 (ka/ni) 7j 20 (cf. cunso, kalsa)
moi mom moi ordinal selbri convert number to ordinal selbri; x1 is (n)th member of set x2 ordered by rule x3 7e 0 (x2 is a completely specified set)
fadni fad ordinary x1 [member] is ordinary/common/typical/usual in property x2 (ka) among members of x3 (set) 6f 14 [also: x2 is a normal/common/ordinary/typical property among set x3 (= selterfadni for reordered places); also regular, (mabla forms:) banal, trite, vulgar; (x3 is complete set)]; (cf. cafne, rirci, kampu, lakne, tcaci, cnano)
rango rag organ x1 is a/the body organ [body-part] of body/species x2 performing function x3 aa 0 [also sweetmeat (= ragdja)] (cf. besna, livga)
ganzu gaz organize x1 organizes x2 [relative chaos] into x3 [ordered/organized result] by system/principle(s) x4 8c 16 [x3 is also a system; x4 could be merely a function which inherently serves to dictate the organizational structure of x3]; (cf. ciste, morna, stura, bilni, cabra)
slilu sli oscillate x1 oscillates at rate/frequency x2 through set/sequence-of-states x3 (complete specification) ar 8 [also (expressible either with desku or slilu): side to side, to and fro, back and forth, reciprocal (motion), rotates, revolves]; (cf. dikni, rilti, morna, desku, janbe, boxna)
drata dat other x1 isn't the-same-thing-as/is different-from/other-than x2 by standard x3; x1 is something else 2g 351 (cf. mintu, frica)
bartu bar out x1 is on the outside of x2; x1 is exterior to x2 1e 82 (cf. jibni, nenri, sruri, lamji, korbi, calku, vasru)
kensa kes outer space x1 is outer space near/associated with celestial body/region x2 am 3 (cf. canlu, munje, terdi, tsani)
ze'o zev ze'o outward location tense relation/direction; beyond/outward/receding from ... at 0
toknu tok oven x1 is an oven [enclosure that heats its contents] for baking/heating/drying x2 5c 31 (cf. nanba)
dejni dej owe 'debt-or' x1 owes x2 in debt/obligation to creditor x3 in return for x4 [service, loan]; x1 is a debtor 8d 5 (cf. jbera, janta, zivle)
kijno kij oxygen x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of oxygen (O); [metaphor: supporting life/combustion] ag 1 (cf. jelca, vacri, vasxu)
papri page 'paper' x1 is a [physical] page/leaf of book/document/bound mass of pages x2 1h 6 [numbered pages (as in a book) are the sides of a page (= paprysfe, paprysfelai); a pageful of text (= papryseltcidu, paprytcidylai)]; (cf. karni, pelji, prina, xatra, vreji, pezli, cukta, ciska)
cortu cor cro pain 'hurt' x1 hurts/feels pain/hurt at locus x2 4c 41 (cf. cinmo, xrani)
cinta paint x1 [material] is a paint of pigment/active substance x2, in a base of x3 a 6 (cf. pixra, skari)
kisto kis Pakistani x1 reflects Pakistani/Pashto culture/nationality/language in aspect x2 ab 1 (cf. xurdo)
filso fis Palestinian 'Philistine' x1 reflects Palestinian culture/nationality in aspect x2 ab 1 (cf. jordo, xebro)
tansi tas pan x1 is a pan/basin/tub/sink, a shallow container for contents x2, of material/properties x3 ao 0 [also bowl]; (cf. baktu, palne, palta, patxu, kabri for a bowl that is normally lifted for use, botpi)
xalni panic x1 (person) is panicked by crisis x2 (event/state) a 16 (cf. ckape, snura, terpa, xanka)
palku pak pants x1 are pants/trousers/slacks/leggings [legged garment] of material x2 3f 15 (cf. taxfu, pastu, skaci)
pelji ple paper 'page' x1 is paper from source x2 1h 15 [sheet of paper (= plekarda if shape is important, plebo'o)]; (cf. karni, papri, prina)
panra parallel x1 parallels x2 differing only in property x3 (ka; jo'u/fa'u term) by standard/geometry x4 9b 11 [also: x1 is parallel to x2, x3 is the only difference between x1 and x2 (= terpanra for reordered places); x1 and x2 are alike/similar/[congruent]; a parallel involves extreme close similarity/correspondence across the entirety of the things being compared, generally involving multiple properties, with focus placed on one or a small number of differences]; (cf. cmavo list pa'a, mintu, simsa, girzu, vrici)
rirni rir parent 'rear' x1 is a parent of/raises/rears x2; x1 mentors/acts parental toward child/protege x2 4b 33 (cf. rorci, mamta, patfu, sidju, dzena, famti, verba, bersa)
panka park x1 is a park/land reserve managed by community/polity/company x2 for purpose x3 ap 17 (cf. sorcu, zdile, klaji, purdi)
pagbu pag pau part x1 is a part/component/piece/portion/segment of x2 [where x2 is a whole/mass]; x2 is partly x1 7j 131 [partly (= selpau)]; (cf. cmavo list pa'u, mulno, xadba, spisa, gunma, rafsi)
pagre gre pass through x1 passes through/penetrates barrier/medium/portal x2 to destination side x3 from origin side x4 4d 60 [passing through in both directions (= rolfargre, pagre ... .i so'ivo'ivo'u (and vice versa))]; (cf. bitmu, denci, ganlo, kalri, vorme, pluta, canko, ragve)
jaspu jap passport x1 is a passport issued to x2 (person) by authority x3 allowing x4 (activity) ao 2 (cf. pikta, catni, curmi)
purci pur pru past 'earlier' x1 is in the past of/earlier than/before x2 in time sequence; x1 is former; x2 is latter 4a 59 [time ordering only (use lidne otherwise); aorist in that x1 may overlap in time with x2 as long as it starts before, x1 starts before x2 but is continuing during x2 (= cfaprucabna); non-aorist before, i.e. x1 is over/ended before x2 starts (= fampru), x1 is completed before x2 starts (= mulpru)]; (cf. lidne, balvi, cabna, farna)
pesxu pex paste x1 is paste/pulp/dough/mash/mud/slurry [soft, smooth-textured, moist solid] of composition x2 6f 3 [x2: composition including x2, which need not be complete specification]; (cf. marxa, kliti, tarla)
morna mon mo'a pattern 'form' x1 is/reflects/represents a pattern of forms/events x2 arranged according to structure x3 9b 14 [x3 is a [model] for x1 (= termontai, or the more abstract = termonsi'o); image (= gusmo'a, nenmo'a, dairmo'a, selylenmo'a, selmirmo'a, velmirmo'a, but also all of these -tai instead of -mo'a for the ideal)]; (cf. ciste, ganzu, marji, slilu, stura, tarmi, boxna, cimde, gidva, jimpe, rilti)
pleji lej le'i pay x1 pays/compensates/remunerates/[rewards] payment x2 to recipient/payee x3 for goods/services x4 8b 59 [also x4 commodities; x4 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= posle'i, posyvelyle'i for unambiguous semantics); rent (= jerle'i, lejyjbera)]; (cf. canja, cnemu, friti, kargu, vecnu, jdima, prali, jerna, sfasa, dunda, jinga, dapma; see note at jdima on cost/price/value distinction, cirko, dirba)
panpi pap peace x1 is at peace with x2 8g 33 (cf. jamna; use sarxe, smaji, tugni for most metaphorical extensions, cilce, jamna)
perli per pear x1 is a pear [fruit] of species/strain x2 aj 6 (cf. grute)
zbepi zbe pedestal 'base' x1 is a pedestal/base/stand/pallet supporting x2 (object/event), of materials/properties x3 a 1 [pallet (= lafyzbe)]; (cf. jamfu, jicmu, jubme, tuple, ckana, cpana, loldi, sanli)
skapi kap pelt 'skin' x1 is a pelt/skin/hide/leather from x2 9f 18 (cf. pilka, calku, kerfa)
penbi peb pen x1 is a pen using ink x2 applied by process x3 1f 11 (cf. ciska, pinsi, xinmo, pimlu)
pinsi pis pencil x1 is a pencil/crayon/stylus applying lead/marking material x2, frame/support [of material] x3 1f 20 [also writing brush; x1 stimulates substrate medium x2 to display marks; explicitly denoting a standard lead pencil (= tabypinsi)]; (cf. ciska, penbi (unlike the English equivalents, pinsi is the more general term over penbi), burcu, bakri)
pinji penis x1 is a/the clitoris/penis [projecting reproductive organ; body-part] of x2 aa 2 [normally context eliminates need for specificity; otherwise: penis (= nakpinji), clitoris (= fetpinji)]; (cf. cinse, gletu, vibna, plibu, vlagi, mabla, ganti)
ce'i cez percent digit/number: % percentage symbol, hundredths 7e 0 (cf. saclu, centi, parbi, frinu)
prane pa'e perfect x1 is perfect/ideal/archetypical/faultless/flawless/un-improvable in property/aspect x2 (ka) 7j 45 [also without defect/error]; (cf. manfo, curve, traji, cfila, mulno)
tigni tig perform x1 performs x2 [performance] for/before audience x3 5g 36 (cf. jarco)
ckape cap peril x1 is perilous/dangerous/potentially harmful to x2 under conditions x3 a 17 [x1 is a danger/peril to x2]; (cf. te bandu, te kajde, te marbi, se snura, se xalni)
vitno vi'o permanent 'eternal' x1 is permanent/lasting/[eternal] in property x2 (ka) by standard x3 [time-span/expectant one] 7j 5 [also everlasting]; (cf. stodi, cimni, zasni, manfo, stali)
prenu pre person x1 is a person/people (noun) [not necessarily human]; x1 displays personality/a persona 1k 632 (cf. nanmu, ninmu, remna, zukte, sevzi)
srana ra'a pertain 'concerns' x1 pertains to/is germane/relevant to/concerns/is related/associated with/is about x2 7j 36 [also: x1 is a question of/treats of x2; can be symmetric, although x1 is conventionally more specific or constrained in scope than x2]; (cf. cmavo list ra'a, ckini, ponse, steci)
ctile petroleum 'oil' x1 is a quantity of petroleum/oil from source x2 a 4 (cf. grasu)
tanru tau phrase compound x1 is a binary metaphor formed with x2 modifying x3, giving meaning x4 in usage/instance x5 1b 776 (x2 and x3 are both text or both si'o concept) (cf. gismu, smuni)
pipno pi'o piano x1 is a piano/harpsichord/synthesizer/organ; a keyboard musical instrument ak 8 (cf. zgike)
pixra pir xra picture x1 is a picture/illustration representing/showing x2, made by artist x3 in medium x4 4d 51 [also (adjective:) x1 is pictorial/illustrative; drawing (= xraselci'a), x1 draws x2 (= xraci'a/xraci'a), image (= xratai), photo (= kacmyxra), take a photo (= kacmyterxra, kacmyxragau, kacmyxrazu'e); sculpture, relief (= blixra)]; (cf. ciska, cinta, prina, mupli, barna, skina)
spisa spi piece x1 [object/substance] is a piece/portion/lump/chunk/particle of x2 [substance] 7j 21 (cf. pagbu)
xarju xaj pig 'hog' x1 is a pig/hog/swine/[boar] [pork/ham/bacon-producer] of species/breed x2 ai 1 [sow (= fetxarju), boar (= nakyxarju), pork (= xajre'u), piglet (= citxarju)]; (cf. mabru, cange)
pijne pin x1 is a pin/peg (needle-shaped tool) for fastening to/piercing x2, of material/properties x3 ao 2 (cf. jesni, nivji, fenso, dinko, tutci)
kecti kec ke'i pity x1 (person) pities/feels sorry for x2 (person) about x3 (abstraction) 4c 23 (cf. cinmo, xendo)
platu pla plan 'plot' x1 (agent) plans/designs/plots plan/arrangement/plot/[schematic] x2 for state/process x3 8c 7 [also invents/organizes; x2 design, scheme; the structure or layout of an object would be represented as a state in x3]; (cf. cartu)
plita pit plane x1 is a plane [2-dimensional shape/form] defined by points x2 (set); x1 is flat/[smooth] 9b 18 [also: x1 is even/planar/level]; (x2 is a set of points at least sufficient to define the plane); (cf. xutla, sefta, tapla, karda, boxfo, pinta)
plini planet x1 is a planet revolving around x2 with planetary characteristics x3, orbital parameters x4 am 16 (cf. lunra, mluni, terdi, solri, munje)
spati spa plant x1 is a plant/herb/greenery of species/strain/cultivar x2 6c 68 [also (adjective:) x1 is vegetable/vegetal/vegetative]; (cf. genja, grute, gurni, latna, rozgu, stagi, tricu, tsiju, tujli, xruba, xrula, pezli, srasu)
slasi las plastic x1 is a quantity of/is made of/contains plastic/polymer of type/component unit(s) x2 6b 9 (cf. rutni, boxfo, bukpu)
palta plate 'platter' x1 is a plate/dish/platter/saucer [flat/mildly concave food service bed] made of material x2 5c 10 (cf. ckana, palne, kabri, tansi, ckana)
kelci kel kei play x1 [agent] plays with plaything/toy x2 9c 116 [play game (= ci'erkei), play competitively (= jvikei)]; (cf. jivna, jinga, zdile)
pluka puk pu'a pleasant x1 (event/state) seems pleasant to/pleases x2 under conditions x3 9c 131 (cf. rigni, cmavo list pu'a, melbi, nelci, prami)
plixa lix plow x1 (agent) plows/furrows/tills [cuts into and turns up] x2 with tool x3 propelled by x4 ao 1 (cf. kakpa, sraku, katna, skuro)
plana plump x1 is plump/fat/obese [excessively thick/bulbous/swollen] by standard x2 6f 13 (cf. cinla, rotsu, barda, punli, grasu)
daski pocket x1 is a pocket/pouch of/in garment/item x2 3f 10 (cf. dakli, taxfu, bakfu)
pemci pem poem x1 is a poem/verse about plot/theme/subject/pattern x2 by author x3 for intended audience x4 8b 103 [x2 may be a convention rather than a subject]; (cf. prosa, rimni, rilti, finti, lisri, sanga)
mokca moc point 'moment' x1 is a point/instant/moment [0-dimensional shape/form] in/on/at time/place x2 9b 14 [x1 is dimensionless]; (cf. jipno, jganu, linji, stuzi, tcika)
mu'e muf point-event abstract abstractor: achievement (event) abstractor; x1 is the event-as-a-point/achievement of [bridi] -
vindu vid poison 'venom' x1 is poisonous/venomous/toxic/a toxin to x2 a 2 (cf. since)
tunta tun poke 'stab' x1 (object, usually pointed) pokes/jabs/stabs/prods x2 (experiencer) a 1 [agentive (= tungau, tunzu'e)]; (cf. balre, dakfu, darxi, fanza, jicla, katna, tikpa)
to'e tol to'e polar opposite polar opposite scalar negator 7x 0 (cf. dukti, natfe, cmavo list na'e, no'e)
pulji police x1 is a police officer/[enforcer/vigilante] enforcing law(s)/rule(s)/order x2 a 15 [police officer, as an agent of authority (= ca'irpulji, ka'irpulji), as part of a police force (= puljysoi, as part of puljyselsoi); military police (= jempulji, bilpulji)]; (cf. catni, sonci, bilni, flalu, bandu, jemna, zekri, krati)
spali polish x1 (agent) polishes object/surface x2 with polish x3, applied using tool x4 a 7 (cf. mosra, sraku, xutla)
clite lit polite x1 is polite/courteous/civil in matter x2 according to standard/custom x3 9c 37 [also formal, ritual]; (cf. ritli)
jecta jec je'a polity 'state' x1 is a polity/state governing territory/domain x2; [government/territory relationship] ab 10 [(adjective:) x1 is civil/political]; (cf. gugde, tutra, turni, natmi, jansu, lanci, cecmu)
polno pol Polynesian x1 reflects Polynesian/Oceanian (geographic region) culture/nationality/languages in aspect x2 ab 1 (cf. sralo, daplu, xamsi)
pindi pid poor 'indigent' x1 is poor/indigent/impoverished/lacking in goods/possessions/property x2 a 24 [x2 is scanty/meager/lacking for x1]; (cf. ricfu, claxu, nitcu, pikci)
porto pot Portuguese x1 reflects Portuguese culture/nationality/language in aspect x2 ab 3 (cf. brazo)
ponse pos po'e possess x1 possesses/owns/has x2 under law/custom x3; x1 is owner/proprietor of x2 under x3 5g 188 (x3 is generally more important to the concept than commonly accepted for the English equivalent, since the concept is broader when unconstrained, and the nature/interpretation of possession/ownership is very culturally dependent); (cf. ckini, ralte, jitro, steci, srana, tutra, turni, zivle)
cumki cum cu'i possible 'maybe' x1 (event/state/property) is possible under conditions x2; x1 may/might occur; x1 is a maybe 3j 78 [also possibility]; (cf. lakne, cumki)
patxu pax pot x1 is a pot/kettle/urn/tub/sink, a deep container for contents x2, of material/properties x3 ao 0 (cf. tansi, palne for depth; baktu, botpi for open/lidded)
patlu potato x1 is a potato [an edible tuber] of variety/cultivar x2 5b 7 (use samcu for starchy/tuberous roots that do not reproduce from eyes of tuber); (cf. genja, jalna, samcu)
bunda bud pound x1 is x2 (def. 1) local weight unit(s) [non-metric], standard x3, subunits [e.g. ounces] x4 al 0 (additional subunit places may be added as x5, x6, ...); (cf. grake, junta, tilju, rupnu, fepni, dekpu, gutci, minli, merli, kramu)
purmo pum pu'o powder x1 is a powder of material x2 9f 0 [flour (= grupu'o, xripu'o)]; (cf. pulce, zalvi)
vlipa vli powerful x1 has the power to bring about x2 under conditions x3; x1 is powerful in aspect x2 under x3 7g 35 [also potent, has control/mastery]; (cf. tsali, jitro, ruble)
lidne li'e precede 'leader' x1 precedes/leads x2 in sequence x3; x1 is former/preceding/previous; x2 is latter/following 8c 50 [also x1 before, forerunner; leading, as in 'leading indicators'; x2 after, trailing (= selyli'e for reordered places)]; (cf. cmavo list li'e, balvi, ralju, rebla, purci for time sequence, jersi, porsi, jatna, farna)
bridi bri predicate x1 (text) is a predicate relationship with relation x2 among arguments (sequence/set) x3 1b1172 [also: x3 are related by relation x2 (= terbri for reordered places)]; (x3 is a set completely specified); (cf. sumti, fancu)
broda rod predicate var 1 1st assignable variable predicate (context determines place structure) ad 134 (cf. cmavo list bu'a)
brode bo'e predicate var 2 2nd assignable variable predicate (context determines place structure) ad 24
brodi predicate var 3 3rd assignable variable predicate (context determines place structure) ad 10
brodo predicate var 4 4th assignable variable predicate (context determines place structure) ad 5
brodu predicate var 5 5th assignable variable predicate (context determines place structure) ad 5
danre da'e pressure x1 (force) puts pressure on/presses/applies force to x2 a 3 [agentive press/depress (= da'ergau, da'erzu'e)]; (cf. catke, bapli, prina, tinsa)
fanta prevent x1 prevents/keeps/stops/restrains/constrains event x2 from occurring 8g 10 (cf. pinfu, bandu, zunti, rinju, jimte, bapli, rivbi)
jdima di'a price x1 [amount] is the price of x2 to purchaser/consumer x3 set by vendor x4 8d 15 [x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= posydi'a, posyseldi'a for unambiguous semantics); price is something decided/set by the seller, and is closely akin to offer (friti), which is what a buyer may decide; (note that price is not he same as cost/expense, which is the actual amount exchanged in a transaction; the latter is vecnu or canja; neither is the same as "value" or vamji; in colloquial English, these are sometimes interchanged, at least partially because of the rarity of barter and bargaining in the marketplace)]; (cf. canja, friti, janta, jdini, kargu, pleji, dapma, vamji for 'value', ve vecnu for 'cost', canja, fepni, jerna, jinga, pleji, prali, rupnu, sfasa, vamji)
jgira jgi pride x1 (person) feels/has pride in/about x2 (abstraction) 9d 4 [an emotional combination of satisfaction and respect/esteem towards property(ies) or action(s) of person/entity that has a specific tie to emoter; self-pride (= se'ijgi, tolcumla); use x2 tu'a for pride in non-specific actions/properties of someone]; (cf. cinmo, cumla, sevzi, sinma, snada)
ralju ral principal x1 is principal/chief/leader/main/[staple], most significant among x2 (set) in property x3 (ka) 8c 87 [staple (= ralselpra); general/admiral/president/principal leader (= ralja'a, ralterbe'e; use additional terms to distinguish among these); also primary, prime, (adverb:) chiefly, principally, mainly; (x2 is complete specification of set)]; (cf. vajni, te bende, minde, lidne, jatna, jitro, gidva, midju)
prina pri print x1 is a print/impression/image on/in surface x2 of/made by/using tool/press/implement/object x3 a 5 (cf. cukta, papri, pelji, pixra, ciska, danre, barna)
pinfu pif prisoner 'captive' x1 is a prisoner/captive of x2, restrained/held/confined by means/force x3 8e 2 (cf. zifre, kavbu, rinju, ralte, fanta, cilce)
sivni siv private x1 is private/personal/privy/[secret/confidential/confined] to x2; x1 is not-public/hidden a 0 [also: x1 is secret (one sense); x2 is in the know/in touch with/privy to x1 (= selsivni for reordered places); exclusion can be expressed by na'e(bo) in x2: excluded/in the dark (= nalselsivni)]; (cf. gubni, mipri)
lakne la'e probable 'likely' x1 (event/state/property) is probable/likely under conditions x2 6f 30 (cf. cumki, jinzi, kampu, tcaci, cunso, cafne, fadni, cnano)
nabmi nam problem x1 (event/state) is a problem to/encountered by x2 in situation/task/inquiry x3 8c 30 [also: x1 requires consideration by x2]; (cf. preti, danfu, ciksi, jijnu, jinvi, nandu, pensi, sidbo, spuda)
pruce ruc ru'e process x1 is a process with inputs x2, outputs/results x3, passing through steps/stages x4 8f 11 [x2 resource (= selru'e, but also ru'etci, (ru'er-/ruc- or selru'e-/selruc- modifying:) selxaksu, selsabji, livla)]; (cf. cmavo list pu'e, farvi, tadji, grute, tcini)
pu'u puv process abstract abstractor: process (event) abstractor; x1 is process of [bridi] proceeding in stages x2 - (cf. pruce)
rorci ror procreate x1 engenders/procreates/begets x2 with coparent x3 4b 3 (cf. grute, gutra, rirni, se panzi, mamta, patfu, tarbi, bersa, ferti, jbena, sovda)
cupra pra produce x1 produces x2 [product] by process x3 8f 22 (cf. zbasu, farvi, gundi, jukpa)
prali pal profit x1 is a profit/gain/benefit/advantage to x2 accruing/resulting from activity/process x3 8d 12 [also (fe) x2 profits from x3 (= selterprali for reordered places); x1 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= selposprali for unambiguous semantics)]; (cf. vecnu, cnemu, pleji, jinga, canja, sfasa, jerna, jdima, dunda, zivle)
danti dan projectile x1 is a ballistic projectile [e.g. bullet/missile] for firing by [gun/propelling launcher] x2 ao 6 [also cannonball, catapult stone, shot pellet(s)]; (cf. cecla, renro, jakne)
nupre nup nu'e promise x1 (agent) promises/commits/assures/threatens x2 (event/state) to x3 [beneficiary/victim] 9c 6 (cf. kajde, xusra)
ka kam property abstract abstractor: property/quality abstractor (-ness); x1 is quality/property exhibited by [bridi] 3b 0 (cf. ckaji)
prosa ros ro'a prose x1 is prose about plot/theme/subject x2 by author x3 for intended audience x4 8b 9 [non-poetic written text, without intentional rhyme or meter; x2 may be a convention rather than a subject]; (cf. cfika, lisri, cukta, pemci, finti)
lanbi protein 'albumin' x1 is a quantity of protein/albumin of type x2 composed of amino acids (sequence/jo'u) aj 2 (cf. ladru, sovda)
pante pat protest x1 protests/objects to/complains about x2 (event/state) to audience x3 with action x4 9c 12 (x4 is an event or tu'a quotation) (cf. xarnu)
sabji sab provide 'supply' x1 [source] provides/supplies/furnishes x2 [supply/commodity] to x3 [recipient] 3m 20 [agentive supply (= sabgau, sabzu'e)]; (cf. krasi, sorcu)
plibu pib pubic x1 is a/the pubic area/external genitalia [body-part] of x2 aa 0 (cf. cinse, gletu, pinji, vibna, vlagi, ganti, mabla)
gubni gub public x1 is public/un-hidden/open/jointly available to/owned by all among community x2 (mass) 8c 7 (cf. sivni)
lacpu lap cpu pull x1 pulls/tugs/draws/drags x2 by handle/at locus x3 8h 19 [gravity (= ka maicpu, maircpukai)]; (cf. catke, sakci, cokcu)
pulni pulley x1 is a pulley [tool] for performing action/function x2 rotating on axle x3 ao 0 (cf. tutci, xislu, vraga)
pambe pump x1 is a pump/injector [tool/apparatus] pumping/inserting fluid x2 to x3 from x4 by means x5 a 0 [x2 fluid may be liquid or gas; x5 may be a force; a pump generally causes a pressure gradient, such that x3 is a place of lower pressure, x4 a place of higher pressure]; (cf. gapci, litki, rinci; metaphorical use of fepri for gas, risna for liquid, rinci, tutci)
pandi pad punctuate x1 (agent) punctuates x2 (expression) with symbol/word x3 with syntactic/semantic effect x4 1h 2 (cf. lerfu, basna, denpa)
cpina pungent x1 is pungent/piquant/peppery/spicy/irritating to sense x2 5c 35 [also prickly (= pecycpina)]; (cf. vrusi, kukte, cidja, panci, sumne)
sfasa sfa punish 'spank, castigate' x1 (agent) punishes x2 for infraction x3 (event/state/action) with punishment x4 (event/state) a 2 [also chastise, castigate, chasten, discipline, correct (one sense); also x4 penalty]; (cf. cnemu, pleji, venfu, zekri, canja, dunda, jdima, jerna, kargu, prali, dapma, cirko, jinga)
curve cuv pure x1 is pure/unadulterated/unmitigated/simple in property x2 (ka) 7j 0 [x1 is simply/purely/unmitigatedly/solely x2]; (cf. prane, jinsa, manfo, sampu, sepli, traji, lumci, xukmi)
zirpu zir zi'u purple x1 is purple/violet [color adjective] 1a 6 (cf. skari, blabi, xekri, kandi, carmi, nukni, blanu, xunre)
punji puj pu'i put x1 (agent) puts/places/sets x2 on/at surface/locus x3 1g 88 (cf. cpacu, lebna, cpana, batke, setca)
ckaji kai quality x1 has/is characterized by property/feature/trait/aspect/dimension x2 (ka); x2 is manifest in x1 3b 128 [manifested/property/quality/trait/feature/aspect (= selkai)]; (cf. cmavo list kai, tcaci, tcini)
roi rom roi quantified tense converts number to an objectively quantified tense interval modifier; defaults to time tense at 0 (cf. rapli)
klani lai quantity x1 is a quantity quantified/measured/enumerated by x2 (quantifier) on scale x3 (si'o) 3b 31 [also count]; (cf. cmavo list la'u, namcu)
kantu ka'u quantum x1 is a quantum/ray/elementary particle/smallest measurable increment of property/activity x2 7j 9 [quantum ray (= bonka'u)]; (cf. selci for masses and most objects; ratni, gradu, gusni, nejni, linji)
preti ret rei question 'query' x1 (quoted text) is a question/query about subject x2 by questioner x3 to audience x4 1h 149 (cf. nabmi, danfu, ciksi, frati, spuda, cpedu)
smaji sma quiet 'silent' x1 (source) is quiet/silent/[still] at observation point x2 by standard x3 7j 52 (cf. kerlo, panpi, savru, tirna)
dilcu quotient 'division' x1 is a quotient of 'x2/x3' [dividend x2 divided by divisor x3], leaving remainder x4 7e 3 (cf. frinu, fendi, katna, parbi, mekso)
ractu rabbit x1 is a rabbit/hare/[doe] of species/breed x2 ai 28 (cf. mabru, kerlo)
radno ra'o radian x1 is x2 radian(s) [metric unit] in angular measure (default is 1) by standard x3 aj 0 [measured in degrees (julra'o); right ascension [astronomical measurement] (= cacryra'o)] (cf. jganu, kilto, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, gutci, litce, megdo, mikri, milti, minli, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro)
dirce di'e radiate x1 radiates/emits x2 under conditions x3 7j 14 (cf. gusni)
cradi radio x1 broadcasts/transmits [using radio waves] x2 via station/frequency x3 to [radio] receiver x4 as 0 [also x1 is a broadcaster]; (cf. tivni, benji, tcana)
garna gar rail 'bar' x1 is a rail/railing/bar [tool] supporting/restraining x2, of material x3 9b 0 (cf. kamju, grana, tutci)
carvi cav rain x1 rains/showers/[precipitates] to x2 from x3; x1 is precipitation [not limited to 'rain'] 4h 107 (cf. bratu, dilnu, santa, snime, tcima, bisli, bumru)
cunso cun cu'o random 'chance' x1 is random/fortuitous/unpredictable under conditions x2, with probability distribution x3 7e 23 [also accidental, chancy, by chance, adventitious, arbitrary (also = cuncu'a, cunselcu'a, cunjdi, cunseljdi; based on "unpredictable")]; (cf. cnici, lakne, funca, kalsa, snuti)
kuspe kup ku'e range 'span' x1 ranges/extends/spans/persists/reaches across/over interval/gap/area/scope/extent/range x2 9b 5 [also continues]; (cf. ranji, renvi, tcena, bancu, cripu, ragve, vorme, canko, bitmu, sirji, jbini, jimte, preja)
rirci rare x1 [member] is rare/unusual/uncommon/atypical in property x2 (ka) among members of x3 (set) 6f 26 (x3 is complete specification of set); (cf. cizra, fadni, cafne, kampu, cnano - the generalized opposite to any/all of these concepts)
ratcu rat x1 is a rat of species/breed x2 ai 51 (cf. smacu)
parbi pab ratio 'rate' x1 (me'o, fraction) is a ratio/rate of x2 (quantity) with respect to x3 (quantity), [x2:x3] 7e 4 [also x1 fraction/proportion/quotient; x2 dividend/numerator; x3 divisor/denominator]; (cf. frinu, dilcu, mekso)
frati fra react x1 reacts/responds/answers with action x2 to stimulus x3 under conditions x4; x1 is responsive 2b 21 [x3 stimulates x1 into reaction x2, x3 stimulates reaction x2 (= terfra for place reordering); attempt to stimulate, prod (= terfratoi, tunterfratoi)]; (cf. preti, danfu, spuda, cpedu, tarti)
tcidu tid read x1 [agent] reads x2 [text] from surface/document/reading material x3; x1 is a reader 1h 92 (cf. ciska, cukta, karni)
bredi red bre ready x1 is ready/prepared for x2 (event) 9c 36 (cf. spaji, jukpa)
krinu rin ki'u reason x1 (event/state) is a reason/justification/explanation for/causing/permitting x2 (event/state) 6a 73 (cf. ciksi, rinka, nibli, mukti, se jalge, te zukte, cmavo list ki'u, bapli)
vreta vre reclining 'rest' x1 lies/rests/reclines/reposes on x2; x1 is reclining/recumbent/lying on x2 an 68 (cf. cpana, surla, zutse, ckana, lazni)
vreji rej vei record x1 is a record of x2 (data/facts/du'u) about x3 (object/event) preserved in medium x4 8c 4 (cf. sorcu, datni, papri)
krefu ref ke'u recur x1 (event) is the x3'rd recurrence/repetition of x2 (abstract); x2 happens again in [form] x1 7j 56 [also case, another, instance, different, other, time, occasion]; (cf. fukpi, rapli, cafne, fasnu, xruti)
xunre xun xu'e red x1 is red/crimson/ruddy [color adjective] 1a 86 (cf. skari, blabi, xekri, kandi, carmi, nukni, narju, rozgu, zirpu)
xagri reed x1 is a oboe/clarinet/saxophone [reed musical instrument] with reed x2 ak 1 (cf. zgike)
manri mar reference x1 is a frame of reference/standard for observing/measuring/determining x2, with/by rules x3 2d 70 (x1 may be object or si'o idea); (cf. cmavo list ma'i, ckilu, merli, pajni, cimde, jdice, marde)
minra mir reflect 'mirror' x1 reflects/mirrors/echoes x2 [object/radiation] to observer/point x3 as x4; x2 bounces on x1 a 40 [also: x1 is a mirror/reflector]; [x2 may be light, lu'e of an imaged object; x4 may be image or echo or the same as x2 if physical object; x3 may be a path for a bounced object; ka is reflection]; (cf. catlu, viska, lenjo, pensi)
xenru xer xe'u regret 'rue' x1 regrets/rues (abstraction) x2; x1 is regretful/rueful/sorry/[remorseful] about x2 4c 25 [also: x1 feels remorse about x2 (= zugyxe'u)]; (cf. cmavo list .u'u, zungi)
dikni dik regular 'cyclical' x1 is regular/cyclical/periodic in property (ka)/activity x2 with period/interval x3 9b 6 [also uniform; resonant (= dikslicai)]; (cf. slilu, rilti, xutla, manfo, boxna)
ckini ki'i related 'akin, kin' x1 is related to/associated with/akin to x2 by relationship x3 2g 46 (cf. cmavo list ki'i, ponse, srana, steci, mapti, sarxe, fange)
surla sur relax x1 relaxes/rests/is at ease in/by doing/being x2 (activity) 9c 34 (cf. dunku, tatpi, cando, vreta)
lijda jda religion x1 is a religion of believers including x2 sharing common beliefs/practices/tenets including x3 ac 126 [also mythos, creed, traditional beliefs, x2 people(s), adherents; (adjective:) x1, x2, x3 are religious/ecclesiastic in nature; x2 is a believer in/of x1, an adherent/follower of x1 (= seljda for reordered places); x2 is a practitioner of x3 (= selterjda for reordered places); x3 is a tenet/belief/ritual/creed of x1/x2 (= terjda for reordered places); priest/clerical (= jdaca'i, jdaka'i, jdaja'a); organized church/religion (= be'ejda); congregation (= jdabe'e, jdagri)]; (cf. budjo, censa, cevni, crida, dadjo, jegvo, krici, latna, malsi, marde, muslo, pruxi, ranmi, ritli, xriso, zekri)
lacri lac rely x1 relies/depends/counts on/trusts x2 to bring about/ensure/maintain x3 (event/state) 8c 16 (cf. minde, nitcu, tinbe)
stali sta remain 'stay' x1 remains/stays at/abides/lasts with x2 4d 53 (cf. vitno, zasni, ralte, stodi, xabju, stuzi, renvi)
morji moj mo'i remember 'memory' x1 remembers/recalls/recollects fact(s)/memory x2 (du'u) about subject x3 2h 114 (cf. cmavo list ba'anai, menli, pensi, sanji, djuno, notci)
vimcu vic vi'u remove x1 removes/subtracts/deducts/takes away x2 from x3 with/leaving result/remnant/remainder x4 7e 43 [also appropriates, confiscates; alienation is inherent]; (cf. lebna, muvdu, cpacu, canci, cliva, jdika)
cikre repair 'fix' x1 repairs/mends/fixes x2 for use x3 8c 13 [a repair may be incomplete, fixing only one of the possible uses of x2, hence x3]; (cf. cfila, spofu)
rapli rap repeat x1 [action] repeats/is repeated for a total of x2 (quantity) occurrences 1h 32 [practice (= rapyzu'e, rapxelcli, rapyzukmo'i)]; (cf. cmavo list roi, cafne, krefu, fukpi, pilji, xruti)
basti bas replace 'substitute' x1 replaces/substitutes for/instead of x2 in circumstance x3; x1 is a replacement/substitute 3m 35 [also: x1 trades places with x2]; (cf. cmavo list ba'i, binra)
spuda spu reply 'respond' x1 answers/replies to/responds to person/object/event/situation/stimulus x2 with response x3 1h 67 [x3 also answer/reply]; [if x2 is a person/object, it will usually require "tu'a" indicating that the reply/response is to that person/object doing something. "tu'a" may not be needed if the person/object itself is the stimulus, rather than something it is doing];(cf. cusku, preti, nabmi, danfu, frati, cpedu)
krati ka'i represent 'proxy' x1 represents/is an agent/proxy/stands-in for [absent] x2 in matter(s)/function(s) x3 8c 9 [also: on behalf of]; (cf. cmavo list ka'i, jansu, catni, vipsi, pulji)
respa res reptile x1 is a reptile of species/breed x2 ai 1 (cf. danlu, banfi, since)
cpedu cpe request x1 requests/asks/petitions/solicits for x2 of/from x3 in manner/form x4 1h 72 [also demand (= mi'ecpe); x4 is a means of expression (cf. ve cusku): a request may be indicated in speech, in writing, or by an action (e.g. petitions are often in writing, while begging/panhandling may be indicated by an action or even demeanor)]; (cf. pikci, te preti, te frati, se spuda, danfu)
fuzme fuz fu'e responsible x1 is responsible/accountable for x2 (action/resulting state) to judge/authority x3 8c 55 (cf. bilga)
gusta restaurant x1 is a restaurant/cafe/diner serving type-of-food x2 to audience x3 5c 45 (cf. barja, citka, kukte, sanmi, xotli)
rinju ri'u restrain x1 is restrained/held [back]/constrained/kept by restraint x2 against x3 (event) 3m 19 [also: x2 is a restraint/binding for x1, x2 keeps/restrains/holds [back]/constrains x1 from x3 (= selri'u for reordered places); agentive restraint (= ri'urgau, ri'urzu'e)]; (cf. zifre, ralte, pinfu, kavbu, fanta, jgari, jimte, bapli, curmi, kluza, tagji)
jalge jag ja'e result x1 (action/event/state) is a result/outcome/conclusion of antecedent x2 (event/state/process) 6a 56 [also: x2 gives rise to x1 (= selja'e for reordered places); total (general meaning, but also = mekyja'e, pi'irja'e, sujyja'e)]; (cf. se mukti, te zukte, se rinka, se krinu, se nibli, mulno, sumji, pilji, mekso, cmavo list ja'e, ciksi)
ralte ra'e retain x1 retains/keeps/holds x2 in its possession 2b 15 (cf. cirko, rinju, ponse, jgari, pinfu, stali, curmi)
xruti xru return x1 (agent) returns x2 to origin/earlier state x3 from x4; x1 moves/gives x2 back to x3 from x4 7f 49 [x2 goes back/[retreats] to x3 (= se'ixru for agent self-returning to a previous location/situation: renumber places in the lujvo); (x3 may be a location or a person or an event/situation; the latter may also be expressed with krefu or rapli and a causative like rinka/rikygau)]; (cf. benji, krefu, rapli, rinka)
venfu vef revenge 'avenge' x1 takes revenge on/retaliates against x2 (person) for wrong x3 (nu) with vengeance x4 (nu) a 22 [also avenge; (adjective:) x1 is vengeful]; (cf. sfasa, cnemu)
fatne fat fa'e reverse x1 [sequence] is in reverse order from x2 [sequence]; x1 (object) is inverted from x2 (object) 3j 10 [also opposite (one sense)]; (cf. cmavo list fa'e, dukti)
cnemu nem ne'u reward x1 (agent) rewards x2 [recipient] for atypical x3 (event/property) with reward/desserts x4 a 39 [differs from earned payment because of atypical nature; rewards need not be positive but are in some sense deserved from the point of view of the rewarder: positive reward (= zanyne'u), punishment, penalty, demerit (= malne'u, sfane'u); x4 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= posne'u, posyvelne'u for unambiguous semantics)]; (cf. dunda, friti, jerna, jinga, jivna, pleji, sfasa, venfu, prali, dapma)
rimni rim rhyme x1 rhymes/alliterates with x2 in language/phonetics x3, matching sound correspondence x4 (ka) 8b 9 [broad meaning of rhyme - any matching sound correspondence]; (cf. pemci, sanga)
rilti ril rhythm x1 (sequence/non-text quote) is a rhythm/beat of music/expressive form x2 a 1 [not necessarily oscillatory/regular pattern]; (cf. damri, pemci, tonga, zgike, slilu, dikni, sanga, morna)
dasri sri ribbon x1 is a ribbon/tape/strip/band/stripe of material x2 3f 29 (cf. djine)
rismi ris rice x1 is a quantity of rice [a type of grain] of strain/cultivar x2 5b 9 (cf. gurni)
ricfu rif cfu rich x1 is rich/wealthy in goods/possessions/property/aspect x2 a 43 (cf. solji, banzu, dukse, pindi)
ckasu cas ridicule 'scoff' x1 ridicules/mocks/scoffs at x2 about x3 (property/event) by doing activity x4 (event) 5g 30 (cf. cmila)
pritu right x1 is to the right/right-hand side of x2 which faces/in-frame-of-reference x3 1e 55 [also: x3 is the standard of orientation for x2]; (cf. cmavo list ri'u, mlana, crane, trixe, farna, zunle)
djine jin ring x1 is a ring/annulus/torus/circle [shape/form] of material x2, inside diam. x3, outside diam. x4 9b 6 [also ellipse, oval (= jincla); (usage has been for near-circles, such as tight spirals, even if not closed loops)]; [also band, belt, encircle (= jinsru)]; (cf. clupa, cukla, dasri, karli, sovda, sruri, konju)
ritli ri'i rite x1 is a rite/ceremony/ritual for purpose/goal x2, by custom/in community x3, with form/rules x4 9a 24 [also: x1 is formal, [legal]; x1 is 'going through the motions']; x4 constraints/customs; (cf. lijda, malsi, flalu, javni, tcaci, clite, junri)
rirxe ri'e river x1 is a river of land mass x2, draining watershed x3 into x4/terminating at x4 6c 71 (cf. flecu, senta for most metaphorical aspects; daplu, djacu, lalxu, xamsi, rinci, naxle)
dargu dag road x1 is a road/highway to x2 from x3 with route x4 (x2/x3 may be unordered) 5d 69 [a regularly used, improved-for-use surface for travelling]; (cf. naxle, tcana, pluta, klaji)
pastu pas robe 'tunic' x1 is a robe/tunic/gown/cloak/dress/[coveralls] [a long/full body garment] of material x2 3f 26 [also coveralls (= paspalku)]; (cf. kosta, taxfu, palku)
rokci rok ro'i rock x1 is a quantity of/is made of/contains rock/stone of type/composition x2 from location x3 6c 143 [x2: composition including x2, which need not be complete specification];(cf. kunra, jemna, canre)
jakne rocket x1 is a rocket [vehicle] propelled by jet expelling x2 carrying payload x3 ao 1 (cf. cecla, danti, spoja)
grana ga'a rod x1 is a rod/pole/staff/stick/cane [shape/form] of material x2 9b 37 (cf. garna)
gunro gur gu'o roll 'trundle' x1 rolls/trundles on/against surface x2 rotating on axis/axle x3; x1 is a roller as 10 (cf. bolci, carna, jendu, slanu)
drudi rud dru roof x1 is a roof/top/ceiling/lid of x2 2k 30 (cf. bitmu, stedu, galtu, gapru, loldi, marbi, gacri, mapku; a drudi is (designed to be) over/above something and shelters it from other things above the drudi, mapku)
kumfa kum ku'a room x1 is a room of/in structure x2 surrounded by partitions/walls/ceiling/floor x3 (mass/jo'u) 2k 346 [also chamber]; (cf. bitmu, canlu, zdani)
genja gej root x1 is a root [body-part] of plant/species x2; [metaphor: immobile, supporting, nourishing] aj 2 (cf. jamfu, jicmu, patlu, samcu, spati, krasi)
gismu gim gi'u root word x1 is a (Lojban) root word expressing relation x2 among argument roles x3, with affix(es) x4 1b 554 [gismu list, if physical object (= (loi) gimste); referring to the mental construct (e.g. propose adding a new gismu to the gismu list = gimpoi, gimselcmi, gimselste)]; (cf. cmavo, cmene, lujvo, smuni, sumti, tanru, valsi)
rozgu roz zgu rose x1 is a rose [flower - characterized by prickly stem/fragrance] of species/strain x2 aj 10 [roses are not all pink; avoid using for color rose, which might be labyxu'e]; (cf. spati, xunre)
fusra fur rotten 'rot' x1 rots/decays/ferments with decay/fermentation agent x2; x1 is rotten/decayed/fermented a 1 (cf. birje, vanju, vifne)
rufsu ruf rough x1 is rough/coarse/uneven/[grainy/scabrous/rugged] in texture/regularity 6f 16 [fine-textured (= tolrufsu)]; (cf. xutla, tengu, vitci)
cukla cuk round 'circular' x1 is round/circular [2-dimensional shape/form]; x1 is a disk/circle/ring 9b 16 [normally used for a filled-in circle/disk, but emphasis on roundness means that the concept may include 'ring']; (cf. djine, ranji, bolci, tarmi)
pluta lut lu'a route x1 is a route/path/way/course/track to x2 from x3 via/defined by points including x4 (set) 5d 309 [a route merely connects origin/destination, but need not be improved in any way; (x4 is a set of points at least sufficient to constrain the route relevantly)]; (cf. litru, naxle, tcana, dargu, klaji, ve klama; tadji, zukte for means to a goal, klama, pagre)
ckabu rubber x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of rubber/latex from source x2 of composition including x3 ah 1 (cf. pruni)
javni jva rule x1 is a rule prescribing/mandating/requiring x2 (event/state) within system/community x3 7e 11 [regulation, prescription (also x2), principle, requirement (also x2), prescribe, require (conditions are usually contained within x2); x1 is regulatory; x2, x3 are regulated]; (cf. flalu, ritli, cmavo list ja'i, marde, tcaci, tinbe, zekri)
bajra baj run x1 runs on surface x2 using limbs x3 with gait x4 2b 0 (cf. cadzu, klama, litru, stapa, plipe, cpare)
nurma num rural x1 is a rural/rustic/pastoral area of x2; x1 is in the country 6c 39 (cf. jarbu, rarna, tcadu, cange)
rusko ruk ru'o Russian x1 reflects Russian culture/nationality/language in aspect x2 ab 4 (cf. softo, slovo)
mraji rye x1 is a quantity of rye [grain] of species/strain x2 aj 3 (cf. gurni)
dakli sack x1 is a sack/bag with contents x2, and of material x3 3f 27 (cf. daski for pouch, bakfu)
badri dri sad x1 is sad/depressed/dejected/[unhappy/feels sorrow/grief] about x2 (abstraction) 3c 91 (cf. klaku, gleki, betri, cinmo, junri)
falnu fan sail x1 is a sail for gathering propelling material x2 on vehicle/motor x3 ao 2 [waterwheel (= jacfanxi'u)]; (cf. bloti)
salta salad x1 (mass) is a quantity of salad [food] with ingredients/components including x2 5b 11 [x2 is in x1, an ingredient/part/component of x1]; (cf. mixre, stasu)
silna salt x1 is a portion/quantity of salt from source x2, of composition including x3 5b 18 (cf. sakta)
mintu mit mi'u same 'identical' x1 is the same/identical thing as x2 by standard x3; (x1 and x2 interchangeable) 2g 47 (cf. panra, satci, mapti, simsa, drata, dunli, cmavo list du - which has no standard place, simxu)
du dub du'o same identity as identity selbri; = sign; x1 identically equals x2, x3, etc.; attached sumti refer to same thing 1 0 [It is very un-Lojbanic to translate the generic English copula 'is' by this word]; (cf. mintu)
canre can sand x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of sand/grit from source x2 of composition including x3 ah 5 [also abrasive (= gukcanre)]; (cf. bidju, rokci, zalvi, boxna)
snuji nuj sandwich x1 is a sandwich/layering [not restricted to food] of x2 sandwiched between x3 5b 9 (cf. midju, nenri, sepli, senta, jbini, bitmu, sruri)
racli sane 'rational' x1 (action/activity/behavior) is sane/rational by standard x2 a 1 (cf. fenki)
srito Sanskrit x1 reflects Sanskrit language/Sanskritic/Vedic culture/nationality in aspect x2 ab 1 (cf. xindo, xurdo)
mluni lun satellite 'moon' x1 is a satellite/moon orbiting x2 with characteristics x3, orbital parameters x4 am 1 (cf. plini, solri, lunra)
mansa satisfy x1 satisfies evaluator x2 in property (ka)/state x3 8c 39 (cf. pajni)
sanso sauce x1 is a sauce/topping/gravy/frosting for use with x2, containing ingredient(s) including x3 5b 12 [x3 is in x1, an ingredient/part/component of sauce x1]; (cf. sanmi, mixre, stasu)
sadjo djo Saudi x1 reflects Saudi Arabian culture/nationality in aspect x2 ab 1 (cf. xrabo)
na'e nal scalar contrary contrary scalar negator: other than ...; not ...; a scale or set is implied 7x 0
no'e nor no'e scalar midpoint not midpoint scalar negator: neutral point between je'a and to'e; "not really" 7x 0 (cf. nutli, midju, milxe, cmavo list na'e, to'e)
ckilu ci'u scale x1 (si'o) is a scale of units for measuring/observing/determining x2 (state) al 2 (cf. cmavo list ci'u, gradu, merli, cimde, manri)
ckule kul cu'e school x1 is school/institute/academy at x2 teaching subject(s) x3 to audien./commun. x4 operated by x5 1h 95 [also college, university]; (cf. cilre, ctuca, tadni)
saske ske science x1 (mass of facts) is science of/about subject matter x2 based on methodology x3 8c 31 [not limited to science as derived by the scientific method, but pertaining to any body of usually-coherent knowledge garnered/gathered/assembled by a consistent methodology]; (cf. datni, fatci, djuno, cipra, pensi, jimpe)
skoto kot ko'o Scottish x1 reflects Gaelic/Scottish culture/nationality/language in aspect x2 ab 1 [Irish (= sicko'o), Scottish (= sunko'o), Celtic (= dzeko'o), Welsh (= nanko'o), Breton (= fasko'o); since Scottish/Gaelic is only the northern branch of the Celtic tribes, many would prefer a le'avla for Celtic; nationalism might also demand a separate fu'ivla for Irish]; (cf. brito, glico)
guska guk scrape x1 blade/scraper/erosive scrapes/erodes/abrades x2 from x3 as 1 [abrade, abrasive (= mosyguska)]; (cf. balre, sraku, batci, canpa, mosra)
sraku rak scratch x1 [abrasive/cutting/scratching object/implement] scratches/[carves]/erodes/cuts [into] x2 a 1 (cf. guska, katna, mosra, plixa, kakpa (unlike kakpa, sraku does not imply material is removed), spali)
klupe lup lu'e screw x1 is a screw [fastener] for purpose x2, threads [pitch, material] x3, frame [size, material] x4 a 0 [also bolt]; (cf. korcu, sarlu, tutci)
xamsi xas sea x1 is a sea/ocean/gulf/[atmosphere] of planet x2, of fluid x3; (adjective:) x1 is marine 6c 45 [also atmosphere (= varxamsi, varsenta)]; (cf. daplu, djacu, lalxu, rirxe, tumla, vacri, zbani, ctaru)
citsi season x1 is a season/is seasonal [cyclical interval], defined by interval/property x2, of year(s) x3 3e 15 [also anniversary (= citsydei, na'arcitsydei), jubilee (= mumnoncitsi); the period of time may be short or long as indicated by x2, and may occur every year or every nth year as indicated by x3 (default every year); (x2 and/or x3 may need metaphorical restriction: djecitsi, pavdeicitsi; also equinox, solstice, time of year]; (cf. cedra, crisa, critu, dunra, ranji, temci, vensa, jbena)
tsapi seasoning x1 is a seasoning/condiment/spice causing flavor/effect x2 (event/property) 5b 4 [also: x1 flavors x2 (tu'a)]; (cf. vrusi)
snidu nid second x1 is x2 seconds in duration (default is 1 second) by standard x3 3e 9 (cf. cacra, junla, mentu, tcika, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro)
mipri mip secret x1 keeps x2 secret/hidden from x3 by method x4; x2 is a secret; x1 hides/conceals x2 3l 53 [intransitive hidden/secret, without an agent (= selcri or nalterju'o); secret (= selmipri)]; (cf. stace, mifra, sivni, djuno, cirko, jarco)
snura nur nu'a secure x1 is secure/safe from threat x2 (event) 9a 34 (cf. ckape, kajde, marbi, terpa, xalni, bandu)
viska vis vi'a see 'vision' x1 sees/views/perceives visually x2 under conditions x3 6m 317 [also (adjective:) x1 is visual; x3 can include ambient lighting, background, etc. which may affect what is perceived; note that English "see" often means "look" or a more generic "observe", or even "understand, know"]; (cf. catlu, jvinu, kanla, minra, simlu, djuno, jimpe, zgana, ganse)
tsiju tsi seed x1(s) is/are (a) seed(s)/spore(s) [body-part] of organism x2 for producing offspring x3 5b 135 [also germ cell; implies actual potential for self-development; seeds generally contain embryo and food, and hence would include a fertilized egg] (cf. tarbi, dembi, grute, jbari, sombo, spati, sovda)
sisku sis seek x1 seeks/searches/looks for property x2 among set x3 (complete specification of set) 8g 89 [if searching for an object or an event, use tu'a in x2]; (cf. cirko, kalte, kavbu, kucli, rivbi, manci, facki)
simlu mlu seem x1 seems/appears to have property(ies) x2 to observer x3 under conditions x4 7j 89 [also: x1 seems like it has x2 to x3; suggest belief/observation (= mlugau, mluti'i); looks like/resembles (= smimlu, mitmlu)]; (cf. catlu, viska, simsa, zgana, ganse, jarco)
sevzi sez se'i self x1 is a self/ego/id/identity-image of x2 7j 44 (cf. cmavo list mi, prenu, menli, jgira)
vecnu ven ve'u sell 'vend' x1 [seller] sells/vends x2 [goods/service/commodity] to buyer x3 for amount/cost/expense x4 8c 48 [x1 is a salesperson/salesman/vendor; x3 buys x2 from x1 (= terve'u for reordered terms); x4 is the price of x2 to x3 (= velve'u for reordered terms); for sale (= fitselve'u, selvenfriti); x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= posyve'u, posyselve'u for unambiguous semantics)]; (cf. canja, dunda, janta, pleji, jerna, kargu, prali, zarci, vamji, jdima; see note at jdima on cost/price/value distinction, fepni, friti, jerna, rupnu)
semto sme Semitic x1 reflects Semitic [metaphor: Middle-Eastern] language/culture/nationality in aspect x2 ab 1 [Semitic includes Arabic, Hebrew, Aramaic, and Ethiopian, among others]; (cf. xrabo)
ganse gas ga'e sense x1 [observer] senses/detects/notices stimulus property x2 (ka) by means x3 under conditions x4 4d 70 [x1 is sensitive to x2; also feels, spots, perceives, makes out, discerns/recognizes (but only implying reaction without necessarily any significant mental processing); note that the emphasis is on a property which stimulates x1 and is detected (sanji is passive about the sensing, and is not limited to sensory input, as well as presuming some kind of discernment/recognition, while not being concerned with the means of detection); x3 sense/sensory channel]; (cf. pencu, sanji, viska, sumne, tirna, zgana, canci, simlu)
jufra juf ju'a sentence 'phrase' x1 (text) is a sentence/statement about x2 [topic/subject/predicate/focus] in language x3 1h 111 [phrase (= jufpau, suzrelvla, suzvla, gensle)]; (cf. valsi, bangu, gerna, cusku, smuni)
porsi por poi sequence x1 [ordered set] is sequenced/ordered/listed by comparison/rules x2 on unordered set x3 7c 49 [also (adjective:) x1 is serial]; (sets are completely specified); (cf. cmavo list po'i, lidne, liste, cmima)
junri jur serious x1 (person) is serious/earnest/has gravity about x2 (event/state/activity) 9d 12 [also solemn (= drijunri, ri'irjunri, tcejunri)]; (cf. tilju, xalbo, badri, ritli)
selfu sef se'u serve x1 (agent) serves x2 with service x3 (activity); x1 is a servant (noun) of x2 performing x3 a 20 (cf. sidju, sarji, gunka)
so'o sos several digit/number: several 7e 0
jursa jus severe 'harsh' x1 (event/action/state) is severe/harsh to x2 [victim/experiencer] 4c 13 (cf. gunta, vlile)
fenso fen fe'o sew x1 sews/stitches/sutures materials x2 (ind./set) together with tool(s) x3, using filament x4 a 4 (x2 if a set must be a complete specification); (cf. cilta, jivbu, jorne, nivji, pijne, lasna)
cinse cin sexual x1 in activity/state x2 exhibits sexuality/gender/sexual orientation x3 (ka) by standard x4 5g 48 [also: x1 courts/flirts; x3 could be a ka[gender or role], ka[attraction to a gender], or ka[type of activity], etc.; (adjective:) x1 is sexual/sexy; x1 is flirted with/courted by x2 (= cinfriti, cinjikca)]; (cf. gletu, pinji, plibu, vibna, vlagi)
ctino ti'o shadow 'shade' x1 is a shadow/the shade of object x2, made by light/energy source x3 a 27 (cf. manku, gusni)
desku des shake x1 shakes/quakes/trembles/quivers/shudders/wobbles/vibrates from force x2 1g 46 [also (expressible either with desku or slilu): side to side, to and fro, back and forth, reciprocal motion]; (cf. slilu, janbe)
caxno cax shallow x1 is shallow in extent in direction/property x2 away from reference point x3 by standard x4 6c 10 (cf. condi, tordu, jarki, cinla, cmalu, jarki, jmifa)
tarmi tam tai shape 'form' x1 [ideal] is the conceptual shape/form of object/abstraction/manifestation x2 (object/abstract) 9b 91 [also pattern; x1 is the mathematical or theoretical ideal form, while x2 is an object/event manifesting that form; e.g. circular/circle-shaped (= cukseltai) vs. circle (=cuktai, while cukla alone is ambiguous); model (= ci'ersaptai, saptai, ci'ersmitai, smitai)]; (cf. nejni, morna; te marji for physical shape, tapla, bliku, kubli, kurfa, cukla, mapti, morna, sarlu)
kinli kil sharp 'keen' x1 is sharp/keen at locus x2 7j 7 (cf. balre, dakfu, jesni)
jinci shears x1 is a pair of shears/scissors for cutting x2 6f 5 (cf. katna)
lanme lan sheep 'lanolin, lamb' x1 is a sheep/[lamb/ewe/ram] of species/breed x2 of flock x3 ai 2 (cf. kanba, sunla)
boxfo bof bo'o sheet 'foil' x1 is a sheet/foil/blanket [2-dimensional shape/form flexible in 3 dimensions] of material x2 9b 0 (cf. plita, cinje, polje, slasi, tinci)
kajna shelf 'counter' x1 is a shelf/counter/bar in/on/attached to supporting object x2, for purpose x3 a 2 (cf. balni)
calku cak shell x1 is a shell/husk [hard, protective covering] around x2 composed of x3 9f 24 (cf. pilka, skapi, gacri, bartu)
marbi mra shelter 'harbor' x1 is a shelter/haven/refuge/retreat/harbor for/protecting x2 from danger/threat x3 4d 14 (cf. bandu, ckape, snura, drudi, sepli, bitmu, gacri)
creka cek shirt x1 is a shirt/blouse/top [upper-body garment - not necessarily sleeved or buttoned], material x2 3f 13 (cf. taxfu)
jmifa shoal 'reef' x1 is a shoal [shallow hazard]/reef of material x2 in body of water x3 a 0 [rapids (= ri'erjmifa, ri'ercaxno)]; (cf. caxno)
jenca jen shock x1 (event) shocks/stuns x2 4c 20 (cf. darxi, gunta, spaji)
cutci cuc shoe x1 is a shoe/boot/sandal for covering/protecting [feet/hooves] x2, and of material x3 3f 28 [also boot (= tupcutci)]; (cf. smoka, taxfu, skiji)
tordu tor to'u short x1 is short in dimension/direction x2 (default longest dimension) by measurement standard x3 9b 31 (cf. cmalu, jarki, caxno, cinla, clani)
bo bor short scope link short scope joiner; joins various constructs with shortest scope and right grouping 8a 0
janco jan shoulder x1 is a/the shoulder/hip/joint [body-part] attaching limb/extremity x2 to body x3 aa 22 (cf. birka)
catke ca'e shove x1 [agent] shoves/pushes x2 at locus x3 8h 9 [move by pushing/shoving (= ca'ermuvgau)]; (cf. danre for non-agentive force, lacpu)
canpa cna shovel x1 is a shovel/spade [bladed digging implement] for digging x2 ao 6 (cf. kakpa, guska, tutci)
jarco ja'o show x1 (agent) shows/exhibits/displays/[reveals]/demonstrates x2 (property) to audience x3 8c 85 [reveal (= tolmipygau, mipyja'o, sivja'o); also: x1 shows that x2, x1 shows off x2; showing an object is generally expressed with a tu'a x2, since the properties of the shown object (other than its presence) intended for observation are seldom specified (simple presence could be expressed by leka [object] cu zvati)]; (cf. tigni, cipra, zgana, jvinu, lanli, mipri, simlu)
tunba tub sibling x1 is a sibling of x2 by bond/tie/standard/parent(s) x3 4b 5 (cf. bruna, mensi, tamne)
mlana mla side 'lateral' x1 is to the side of/lateral to x2 and facing x3 from point of view/in-frame-of-reference x4 1e 88 (cf. crane, trixe, pritu, zunle which differ in that the direction of facing is the front and not the lateral side. The x4 of mlana may be either the front, or back side of x2, korbi)
sinxa sni sign x1 is a sign/symbol/signal representing/referring/signifying/meaning x2 to observer x3 7e 61 [also: x1 signifies x2; (adjective:) x1 is significant/meaningful/of import; signal an action (= sniti'i), connotation (= se sibyti'isni, sibyti'ismu)]; (cf. lerfu, tcita, barna, mifra, smuni)
silka sik silk x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of silk produced by x2 ah 2 (cf. curnu, bukpu, cilta)
rijno rij silver 'argent' x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of silver/argentum (Ag); [metaphor: valuable, tarnishing] 5e 32 (cf. solji)
simsa smi similar x1 is similar/parallel to x2 in property/quantity x3 (ka/ni); x1 looks/appears like x2 7j 131 [also: x1 is a likeness/image of x2; x1 and x2 are alike; similarity and parallel differ primarily in emphasis]; (cf. dunli, frica, mintu, panra, simlu, vrici)
sampu sap simple x1 is simple/unmixed/uncomplicated in property x2 (ka) 6f 24 (cf. pluja, curve, frili, manfo)
sinso sine x1 is the trigonometric sine of angle/arcsine x2 ar 2 (cf. tanjo)
sanga sag sa'a sing x1 sings/chants x2 [song/hymn/melody/melodic sounds] to audience x3 5g 0 [melody (= sagzgi, ralsagzgi), harmony (= saxsagzgi), harmonize/sing harmony (= saxsa'a), song (= selsa'a)]; (cf. pemci, rimni, rilti, siclu)
mensi mes me'i sister x1 is a sister of/sororal to x2 by bond/tie/standard/parent(s) x3; [not necessarily biological] 4b 38 (cf. bruna, tunba, tamne, famti)
zutse zut tse sit x1 sits [assumes sitting position] on surface x2 1g 178 (cf. stizu, cpana, vreta)
stuzi tuz stu site 'position' x1 is an inherent/inalienable site/place/position/situation/spot/location of x2 (object/event) 5d 101 [generally used for normally stationary objects/events, to give their 'permanent' location]; (cf. cmavo list tu'i, jmive, diklo, zvati, tcini, xabju, jibni, judri, lamji, mokca, stali)
tcini situation 'state' x1 [state/property] is a situation/condition/state/position/are conditions/circumstances of x2 8c 58 [characteristics or environment of an object/event/process stage or state that are typically/potentially only temporary]; (cf. stuzi, zvati, vanbi, ve pruce, ckaji, zasni)
skiji sij ski x1 is a ski/skid/skate/runner for surface (of material) x2 supporting skier/skater/sled/cargo x3 a 1 (cf. sakli, marce, cutci)
skaci skirt x1 is a skirt/kilt/dress of material x2; x1 is skirted [garment open at the bottom; not legged] 3f 12 [a skirted garment may be full length (pastu), but must hang below the waist from support above or at the waist]; (cf. taxfu, palku)
tsani tan sky x1 is an expanse of sky/the heavens at place x2; [celestial] 4h 88 (cf. gapru, kensa, tarci, terdi)
slovo lov lo'o Slavic x1 reflects Slavic language/culture/ethos in aspect x2 ab 0 (cf. softo, rusko, vukro)
sipna sip sleep x1 is asleep (adjective); x1 sleeps/is sleeping 6m 145 (cf. senva, tatpi, cikna, sanji)
panlo pa'o slice x1 is a slice [thin flat portion] of x2 (mass) 5c 6 (cf. nanba)
sakli sal slide 'slip' x1 slides/slips/glides on x2 a 12 [x2 is slick/slippery to/for x1 (= selsakli for reordered places)]; (cf. mosra, fulta, skiji, xutla)
salpo sa'o slope x1 is sloped/inclined/slanted/aslant with angle x2 to horizon/frame x3 5d 47 [also steep (= tcesa'o); normally implies non-rectilinear]; (cf. kurfa, tutci)
masno sno slow x1 is slow/sluggish at doing/being/bringing about x2 (event/state) 4f 37 (cf. sutra)
cmalu cma small x1 is small in property/dimension(s) x2 (ka) as compared with standard/norm x3 1e 326 (cf. caxno, cinla, jarki, tordu, barda)
sumne smell x1 (experiencer) smells/scents (transitive verb) x2; x2 smells/has odor/scent to observer x1 6m 35 (cf. nazbi, panci, cpina, ganse, zgana)
cisma smile x1 smiles/grins (facial expression) 1g 39 [smile/grin at something (= cismyfra)]; (cf. xajmi, cmila, frumu)
danmo dam smoke x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of smoke/smog/air pollution from source x2 4h 31 [x2 may be a fire]; (cf. pulce, gapci, sigja, bumru)
xutla xul smooth x1 is smooth/even/[soft/silky] in texture/regularity 6f 4 (cf. plita, rufsu, tengu, dikni, pinta, sakli, spali)
since snake x1 is a snake/serpent of species/breed x2 ai 257 (cf. curnu, danlu, respa, vindu)
senci sec sneeze x1 sneezes (intransitive verb) a 0 (cf. bilma, kafke)
snime si'e snow x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity/expanse of snow 4h 32 (cf. bratu, carvi, bisli)
tagji tag snug 'tight' x1 is snug/tight on x2 in dimension/direction x3 at locus x4 3f 27 (cf. trati, jarki, kluza, rinju)
cokcu cko soak up x1 soaks up/absorbs/sucks up x2 from x3 into x4; x1 is an absorbant as 2 (cf. panje, sakci, lacpu)
zbabu bab soap x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of soap from source x2 of composition including x3 ah 5 (cf. lumci, fonmo)
jikca jik socialize 'social' x1 interacts/behaves socially with x2; x1 socializes with/is sociable towards x2 2n 170 (cf. tarti, penmi)
smoka smo sock x1 is a sock/stocking [flexible foot and lower leg garment] of material x2 3f 6 (cf. cutci, taxfu)
sodva sod soda x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of a carbonated beverage/soda of flavor/brand x2 2j 17 [also: soft drink (though this sometimes includes tea and coffee as distinct from alcoholic beverages which are "hard drinks")]; (cf. jilka, jinme)
sodna sodium x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of alkali metal of type x2 [default sodium] ag 1 [also potassium, lithium, cesium]; [soda] (cf. jilka, jinme)
sfofa sfo sofa x1 is a sofa/couch (noun) an 9 (cf. nilce)
ranti ran soft x1 is soft/malleable/moldable/yielding to force x2 in conditions x3 2g 24 (cf. ralci, jdari, lakse, randa, gradu)
solri sol solar x1 is the sun of home planet x2 (default Earth) of race x3; (adjective:) x1 is solar am 66 ['home planet' refers to a planet which is "home" to a race, but not necessarily the original "home" of a species if that species inhabits many worlds]; (cf. gusni, lunra, mluni, plini, santa, terdi, tarci)
sonci son soi soldier x1 is a soldier/warrior/fighter of army x2 a 31 (cf. bilni, damba, jenmi, xarci, pulji)
sligu lig solid x1 is solid, of composition/material including x2, under conditions x3 6b 17 [conditions include temperature and pressure]; (cf. runta, litki, gapci, jdari, dunja, pulce, jduli)
bu'a bul some selbri 1 logically quantified predicate variable: some selbri 1 aq 0 (cf. broda, etc.)
da dav dza something 1 logically quantified existential pro-sumti: there exists something 1 (usually restricted) 5a 0
bersa bes be'a son x1 is a son of mother/father/parents x2 [not necessarily biological] 4b 29 [also filial]; (cf. verba, nanla, nakni, nanmu, patfu, mamta, bruna, rirni, rorci, panzi, tixnu)
sorgu sog sorghum x1 is a quantity of sorghum of species/strain x2 aj 4 (cf. gurni)
sance sna sound x1 is sound produced/emitted by x2 7j 37 [x2 sounds (intransitive verb)]; (cf. savru, tirna, voksa, siclu, slaka)
stasu soup 'stew' x1 is a quantity of soup/stew/olla/olio [food] of ingredients including x2 5b 26 [x2 is in x1, an ingredient/part/component of x1]; (cf. sanmi, mixre, salta, sanso)
slari sar sour x1 is sour/tart to observer x2 6f 5 (cf. slami, titla, kurki, nimre)
krasi kra source 'origin' x1 (site/event) is a source/start/beginning/origin of x2 (object/event/process) 2c 156 [also root (figurative sense); (adjective:) x1 is initial]; (cf. fanmo, cmavo list ra'i, sabji, cfari, jipno, traji, kojna, genja, jicmu, sitna, jinto)
snanu nan south x1 is to the south/southern side of x2 according to frame of reference x3 5d 81 (cf. berti, stuna, stici, farna)
ketco ket tco South American 'Quechua' x1 reflects South American culture/nationality/geography in aspect x2 ab 7 (cf. merko, xispo, brazo, gento, spano)
softo sof Soviet x1 reflects Russian empire/USSR/ex-USSR (Soviet]/CIS culture/nationality in aspect x2 ab 6 (cf. rusko, vukro, slovo)
sombo som so'o sow x1 sows/plants x2 [crop/plants] at/in x3 a 5 (cf. crepu, tsiju)
sobde sob so'e soya x1 is a quantity of soya [grain/bean] of species/strain x2 aj 18 (cf. dembi, gurni)
canlu cal ca'u space 'volume' x1 is space/volume/region/room [at-least-3-dimensional area] occupied by x2 al 18 [also occupy (= selca'u)] (cf. kensa, bliku, kumfa, kevna, kunti, tubnu, dekpu)
mo'i mov space motion mark motions in space-time -
spano san Spanish x1 reflects Spanish-speaking culture/nationality/language in aspect x2 ab 2 [metaphorical restriction to Spain by contrast with xispo (comparable to the distinction between glico and merko/sralo/brito/kadno); Spain (= sangu'e); Spanish dialects spoken in Spain, especially Castillian (= sansanbau)]; (cf. xispo, ketco, mexno, gento)
jutsi jut species x1 is a species of genus x2, family x3, etc.; [open-ended tree-structure categorization] ai 30 [also subspecies, order, phylum; (places do not correspond to specific levels in the hierarchy; rather, x1 is at a "lower" or "bushier" part of the tree than x2, x2 is "lower" than x3, etc.; skipping a place thus means that there is one or more known-and-unspecified levels of hierarchy between the two); not limited to Linnean animal/plant taxonomy]; (cf. klesi, lanzu)
steci tec te'i specific 'special' x1 (ka) is specific/particular/specialized/[special]/a defining property of x2 among x3 (set) 7j 39 [x2 are members/individuals of a subset of x3; object whose association is specific/defining of a subset or individuals (= tecra'a, also cf. cmavo list po'e, [x2 is also special to x1]); also: especially/strongly/specifically associated]; (x3 is completely specified set)]; (cf. srana, se ponse, ckini, tcila, tutra)
jukni juk spider 'arachnid' x1 is a spider/arachnid/[crustacean/crab/lobster/non-insect arthropod] of species/breed x2 ai 11 (cf. cinki, danlu)
sarlu spiral x1 is a spiral/helix/whorl/[vortex] [shape/form] with limits x2, of dimensionality x3 9b 3 (cf. klupe, korcu, tarmi)
pruxi rux ru'i spirit x1 is spiritual/pertains to the soul in nature [either energy or being]; x1 is ghostly/ethereal a 49 [also soul (= ruxse'i)]; (cf. censa, lijda, mucti, xadni)
sputu put pu'u spit x1 spits/expectorates x2 [predominantly liquid] from x3 to/onto x4 aa 8 [saliva/spit/sputum/spittle (= molselpu'u)]; (cf. jetce, kafke, vamtu)
panje sponge x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of sponge/porous material ah 3 [also metaphorically used for coral, Swiss cheese]; (cf. cokcu for a generalized absorbant)
smuci muc spoon x1 is a spoon/scoop (tool) for use x2, made of material x3 5c 5 (cf. dakfu, forca, tutci)
preja pej pe'a spread x1 spreads/expands over/into x2 from initial state x3 7j 2 (cf. tcena, kuspe, ranji, fatri, muvdu, benji)
vensa ves spring 'vernal' x1 is spring/springtime [warming season] of year x2 at location x3; (adjective:) x1 is vernal 3e 30 (cf. citsi, crisa, critu, dunra)
kurfa kur square x1 is a right-angled shape/form defined by set of vertices x2, dimensions x3 (default 2) 9b 2 [also rectangle, square, rectilinear; square (= kubykurfa, pitkubykurfa), cube (= kurkubli), rectangle (= clakurfa), rhombus/diamond (= sa'orkurfa, sa'orpitkubli)]; (cf. bliku, kubli, tapla, salpo, tarmi)
tsina sin stage x1 is a stage/platform/dais/[scaffold] at/in x2 supporting x3, made of material x4 5g 0 (x3 object/event); (cf. greku, jubme)
serti ser stairs x1 are stairs/stairway/steps for climbing structure x2 with steps x3 ao 71 (cf. stapa, loldi, senta)
stani stalk x1 is a/the stalk/stem/trunk [body-part] of plant/species x2; [metaphor: main support] aj 15 (cf. tuple, mudri)
sanli sa'i stand x1 stands [is vertically oriented] on surface x2 supported by limbs/support/pedestal x3 1g 75 [x1 is standing; x1 stands up; x1 is erect/vertical/upright; x1 bows/bends over (= krosa'i, krosa'ibi'o, plosa'i); frame of reference is (approximate) perpendicularity to the surface, and not to a gravity field]; (cf. kamju, sraji, tuple, zbepi, sarji)
tarci tar star x1 is a star/sun with stellar properties x2 am 28 (cf. solri, tsani)
jalna starch x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of starch from source x2 of composition including x3 ah 1 (cf. patlu, samcu)
ke kem start grouping start grouping of tanru, etc; ... type of ... ; overrides normal tanru left grouping 3b 0 (cf. cmavo list ke'e)
za'i zaz state abstract abstractor: state (event) abstractor; x1 is continuous state of [bridi] being true - (cf. zasni, zasti, tcini)
tcana station x1 is a station/node of/in/on transport/communication/distribution system/network x2 a 0 [x2 may be represented by massed vehicles of system]; (cf. dargu, litru, pluta, trene, ciste, ve mrilu, tivni, cradi, ve benji, fonxa, dikca, fatri)
gasta gat steel x1 is a quantity of/is made of/contains steel of composition including x2 6b 19 (cf. jinme, molki, tirse)
stapa tap step x1 steps/treads on/in surface x2 using limbs x3 a 20 (cf. bajra, plipe, cadzu, serti)
stero te'o steradian x1 is x2 steradian(s) [metric unit] in solid angle (default is 1) by standard x3 af 2 (cf. centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro)
snipa nip sticky x1 adheres/sticks to x2; (adjective:) x1 is sticky/gummy/adhesive a 2 [note that x1 is the adhering surface being claimed; x2 need not be sticky]; (cf. tarla, viknu)
tinsa stiff x1 is stiff/rigid/inflexible/resistant in direction x2 against force x3 under conditions x4 6f 2 [also sometimes: firm, hard; not limited to physical forces; e.g. mental rigidity]; (cf. bapli, jdari, nandu, torni, trati, xarnu, danre, stodi)
jicla stir x1 (object, or event: force) stirs/mixes/[roils/agitates] fluid (gas/liquid) x2 as 8 [convection (= nenflejicla); agentive stirring (= jiclygau, jiclyzu'e)]; (cf. fanza, tunta, mixre)
sorcu soc sro store x1 is a store/deposit/supply/reserve of materials/energy x2 in containment x3 3m 23 [x3 need not be a container, but could merely be a site/location restriction; e.g. a heap. The sumti indicates how the supply is identified and distinguished from other occurrences of the stored x2 that are not part of the store]; (cf. panka; vreji for information storage; sabji for a store or reserve that is not necessarily tied to a site, banxa, panka)
lisri lis story x1 is a story/tale/yarn/narrative about plot/subject/moral x2 by storyteller x3 to audience x4 8b 81 [also legend; a narrative need not be fictional; x2 may be merely a convention rather than a subject; also x3 tells/recounts story/tale x1 about x2 to x4 (= selterlisri for place reordering); note that the storyteller need not be the author]; (cf. ranmi, cfika, skicu, prosa, pemci)
sirji sir straight x1 is straight/direct/line segment/interval between x2 and x3; (adjective:) x1 is linear 6f 13 (cf. korcu, linji, kruvi, kuspe)
cizra ciz strange 'bizarre' x1 is strange/weird/deviant/bizarre/odd to x2 in property x3 (ka) 6f 103 [also alien, mysterious, deviant, queer, unusual, exotic]; (cf. ranxi, rirci, fange, banli)
klaji laj street 'avenue' x1 is a street/avenue/lane/drive/cul-de-sac/way/alley/[road] at x2 accessing x3 5d 23 [also corridor; not typically a route between points, but offers access to sites along it]; (cf. naxle, panka, pluta, dargu)
tcena ten stretch x1 stretches/extends to range x2 [interval/extent] in dimension x3 from relaxed range x4 9b 23 (cf. kuspe, pruni, preja, ranji, trati)
satre sa'e stroke x1 (agent) strokes/rubs/pets x2 with x3 9c 34 [pet (= pamsa'e)]; (cf. mosra, pencu)
tsali tsa strong x1 is strong/powerful/[tough] in property/quality x2 (ka) by standard x3 7g 42 (cf. ralci, ruble, carmi, vlipa)
stura tur su'a structure x1 is a structure/arrangement/organization of x2 [set/system/complexity] a 14 (x2, if a set, is completely specified); (cf. ganzu, morna, ciste, lujvo, greku, gerna)
cmavo ma'o structure word x1 is a structure word of grammatical class x2, with meaning/function x3 in usage (language) x4 1b1008 [x4 may be a specific usage (with an embedded language place) or a massified language description; x3 and x4 may be merely an example of cmavo usage or refer to an actual expression; cmavo list, if physical object (= (loi) ma'oste); referring to the mental construct (e.g. propose adding a new cmavo to the cmavo list = ma'orpoi, ma'orselcmi, ma'orselste)]; (cf. gismu, lujvo, gerna, smuni, valsi)
xarnu stubborn x1 is stubborn/willfully opposing/resisting x2 about x3 (event/state) a 1 [x2 may be a person, a state or condition, or a force; the essence is willful resistance]; (cf. tinsa, pante, bapli, fapro)
tadni tad study x1 studies/is a student of x2; x1 is a scholar; (adjective:) x1 is scholarly 1h 115 (cf. ckule, cilre, ctuca)
jarbu suburb x1 is a suburban area of city/metropolis x2 a 9 (cf. nurma, se tcadu, ve tcadu)
snada sad succeed 'accomplish' x1 [agent] succeeds in/achieves/completes/accomplishes x2 as a result of effort/attempt/try x3 8g 152 [also: x1 reaches x2; (adjective:) x1 is successful; x2 (event/state/achievement)]; (cf. fliba, troci, jgira)
sakci sak suck x1 sucks/is suction/vacuum/relatively low pressure of fluid/gas x2 relative to high pressure x3 a 2 [also suck object/fluid (= sakcpu or sakmuvgau)]; (cf. cokcu, lacpu, flecu)
suksa suk sudden x1 (event/state) is sudden/sharply changes at stage/point x2 in process/property/function x3 7j 55 [also abrupt, discontinuous]; (cf. spaji, vitci, vlile)
banzu baz suffice x1 (object) suffices/is enough/sufficient for purpose x2 under conditions x3 3m 89 (cf. dukse, claxu, nitcu, ricfu, curmi)
sakta sat sugar 'sucrose' x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of sugar [sweet edible] from source x2 of composition x3 5b 7 [also sucrose, fructose, glucose, galactose, lactose, etc.; saccharine/aspartame/sugar substitute (basysakta or sakybasti, ticysakta); x3: composition including x3, which need not be complete specification]; (cf. silna, titla)
stidi sid ti'i suggest x1 (agent) suggests/proposes idea/action x2 to audience x3; x1 (event) inspires x2 in/among x3 8c 38 [event which inspires/suggests/is suggestive (= faurti'i, sidyfau)]; (cf. cmavo list ti'i, tcica, xlura)
sliri sulfur x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of sulfur/brimstone (S); [metaphor: foul odor, volcanic] ag 7 (cf. xukmi, panci, pelxu)
sumji suj sum x1 is a mathematical sum/result/total of x2 plus/increased by x3 7e 8 (cf. jmina, jalge, mulno, pilji)
crisa cis summer x1 is summer/summertime [hot season] of year x2 at location x3 3e 25 (cf. citsi, critu, dunra, vensa)
za'o za'o superfective interval event contour: continuing too long after natural end of ...; superfective | ----> at 0 (cf. dukse)
traji rai superlative 'extreme' x1 is superlative in property x2 (ka), the x3 extreme (ka; default ka zmadu) among set/range x4 6k 166 [also: x1 is x3-est/utmost in x2 among x4; x1 is the x3 end of x4; x1 is extreme; x1 is simply x3]; (cf. cmavo list rai, jimte, milxe, mutce, note contrast with milxe and mutce rather than with mleca and zmadu, which are values for x3, banli, curve, fanmo, krasi, manfo, prane)
sarji sra support x1 supports/holds up/is underpinning of/[helps] x2 against force/opposition x3 with/by means x4 9a 109 [also aids; (adjective:) x1 is dependable, reliable (such reliability may be transient; this is not the usual sense of 'reliable' or 'dependable'); (x2 is object/event)]; (cf. bradi, darlu, fapro, sidju, tugni, bongu, ckana, cpana, loldi, sanli, selfu)
sefta sfe surface x1 is surface/face [bounded shape/form] of [higher-dimension] object x2, on side x3, edges x4 9b 37 [also x4 bounds]; (cf. crane, flira, plita, bliku)
spaji paj surprise x1 (event/action abstract) surprises/startles/is unexpected [and generally sudden] to x2 9d 22 [also expectation (= nalspaji), alarm (= tepspaji)]; (cf. manci, jenca, bredi, suksa)
sruri rur sru surround x1 encircles/encloses/is surrounding x2 in direction(s)/dimension(s)/plane x3 7j 12 [(jinsru =) x1 is a ring/belt/band/girdle around/circling/ringing x2 near total containment in some dimension(s)]; (cf. karli, senta, snuji, vanbi, se nenri, se jbini, bartu, djine)
renvi rev re'i survive x1 survives/endures/undergoes/abides/lasts/persists through x2 for interval/duration x3 4c 21 [also lasts out, withstands; x1 persists/lasts for duration x3; (adjective:) x1 is tough/durable]; (cf. ranji, kuspe, randa, lifri, stali, temci)
tunlo tul tu'o swallow x1 gulps/swallows 5c 2 [x1 swallows down [food/drink] x2 (= tulpinxe, tulcti, ctitu'o (the latter two are more general - for food or beverage); swallow/engulf (= galxycti, galxynerbi'o, galxygre]; (cf. citka, pinxe, galxe)
xasne sweat x1 is a/the sweat/perspiration from body x2, excreted by gland(s)/organs x3 aa 4 (cf. pinca, vikmi, cigla)
titla tit sweet x1 is sweet/sugary/saccharine to observer x2 5c 23 (cf. sakta, slari, kurki)
punli pul swelling x1 is a swelling/protrusion/convexity [shape/form] at/in/on x2, of material x3 9b 0 [(adjective:) x1 is swollen]; (cf. balji, cmana, plana)
limna lim swim x1 (agent) swims in fluid x2 6c 33 (cf. djacu, fulta, klama, litru)
slaka syllable x1 is a syllable in language x2 1h 11 (cf. sance, valsi, bangu)
sirxo six Syrian x1 reflects Syrian culture/nationality in aspect x2 ab 4 (cf. xrabo)
ciste ci'e system x1 (mass) system interrelated by structure x2 among components x3 (set) displaying x4 (ka) 7e 26 [x1 (or x3) is synergistic in x4; also network; x2 also relations, rules; x3 also elements (set completely specified); x4 systemic functions/properties] (cf. cmavo list ci'e, cmima, girzu, gunma, stura, tadji, munje, farvi, ganzu, judri, julne, klesi, morna, tcana)
jubme jub jbu table x1 is a table/flat solid upper surface of material x2, supported by legs/base/pedestal x3 1f 49 (cf. ckana, jamfu, nilce, zbepi, tsina, stizu)
rebla reb tail x1 is a/the tail/appendix [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: trailing, following portion/appendage] ai 9 (cf. nalci, pimlu, se lidne, trixe, birka, jimca)
lebna leb le'a take x1 takes/gets/gains/obtains/seizes/[removes] x2 (object/property) from x3 (possessor) 2b 81 [also confiscate, appropriate]; [acquire with volition such that x1 gains possession; x3 is possessor and not merely source, alienation is implied]; (cf. punji, cpacu where volition or previous possession is not necessarily implied, vimcu for alienation where x1 need not gain possession, canci, cliva)
kurji kuj ku'i take care of 'care' x1 takes-care-of/looks after/attends to/provides for/is caretaker for x2 (object/event/person) 2l 49 [also tends, cares for, keeps; x1 is a keeper/custodian of x2]; (cf. jundi, cinri, prami, raktu, zgana)
stati talent x1 has a talent/aptitude/innate skill for doing/being x2 a 13 (cf. jinzi, certu, rarna, larcu, kakne)
tavla tav ta'a talk 'palaver' x1 talks/speaks to x2 about subject x3 in language x4 1h 338 [not limited to vocal speech, but this is implied by the x4 without context of some other medium of conversation (use cusku, casnu, skicu, ciksi for weaker implication of vocal communication); converse/discuss/chat (= simta'a, simsku, vricysimta'a for a conversation not clearly delimited by subject)]; (cf. bacru, cusku for actual expression, casnu, darlu, skicu, ciksi, bangu)
tanjo tangent x1 is the trigonometric tangent of angle/arctangent x2 ar 7 (cf. sinso)
zo'a zon zo'a tangential to location tense relation/direction; tangential to/passing by ... at 0 (cf. pencu, tanjo)
je jev jve tanru and logical connective: tanru-internal afterthought and 7a 0
jo jov tanru iff logical connective: tanru-internal afterthought biconditional/iff/if-and-only-if 7a 0
co col tanru inversion tanru inversion operator; "... of type ..."; allows modifier trailing sumti without sumti links -
ja jav tanru or logical connective: tanru-internal afterthought or 7a 0
ju juv tanru whether logical connective: tanru-internal afterthought whether-or-not 7a 0
dadjo daj Taoist x1 pertains to the Taoist culture/ethos/religion in aspect x2 ac 3 (cf. lijda, jegvo)
tarla tar x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of tar/asphalt from source x2 ah 1 (cf. kolme, pesxu, snipa)
vrusi vus vu'i taste 'flavor' x1 (ka) is a taste/flavor of/emitted by x2; x2 tastes of/like x1 6m 5 [also: x2 tastes of seasoning x1, x1 is a seasoned flavor of x2 (= tsapyvu'i); vrusi may overlap the senses of taste and smell, since the latter is a significant component of taste]; (cf. kukte, tsapi, cpina)
trati taut x1 is taut/tense/strained tight in direction x2 a 11 (cf. tinsa, torni, tagji, tcena, kluza)
cteki tek ce'i tax x1 is a tax/levy/duty on goods/services/event x2 levied against x3 by authority/collector x4 8d 3 [also custom, toll, tariff, tribute] (cf. pleji, flalu, turni)
tcati tea x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of tea brewed from leaves x2 2j 19 (cf. ckafi)
ctuca ctu teach x1 teaches audience x2 ideas/methods/lore x3 (du'u) about subject(s) x4 by method x5 (event) 1h 72 [also instruct, instructor, educate, educator, teacher, professor, pedagogue; (adjective:) x1/x5 is pedagogical]; (cf. ckule, cilre, tadni)
fonxa fon telephone x1 is a telephone transceiver/modem attached to system/network x2 2n 40 (cf. tcana)
tivni tiv television x1 broadcasts/televises programming x2 via medium/channel x3 to television receiver x4 a 17 [also x1 is a broadcaster; x2 programming (mass), program/show (ind.)]; (cf. cradi, skina, vidni, benji, tcana)
malsi mas temple x1 is a temple/church/sanctuary/synagogue/shrine of religion x2 at location/serving area x3 9a 33 [x2 may be event of form (... worships/pays/respect to ...), hence (metaphorically extending to) monument (= mojmalsi, si'armalsi)]; (cf. cevni, krici, lijda, ritli)
zasni zas temporary 'transient' x1 is temporary/not permanent/expected to change in property x2 (ka) by standard/expectant x3 7j 6 [also transient]; (cf. vitno, stodi, cenba, galfi, binxo, stika, stali, tcini, vitke)
tutra tut territory x1 is territory/domain/space of/belonging to/controlled by x2 ab 4 (cf. catni, turni, jecta, gugde, ponse, steci, tumla)
cipra cip test 'proof' x1 (process/event) is a test for/proof of property/state x2 in subject x3 (individ./set/mass) 7e 48 [also examination, proxy measure, validation; (a set in x3 must be completely specified)]; (cf. ciksi, troci, jarco, pajni, saske)
tengu teg te'u texture x1 (property-ka) is a texture of x2 6f 3 (cf. rufsu, xutla)
ta taz that there pro-sumti: that there; nearby demonstrative it; indicated thing/place near listener 1d 0
tu tuf that yonder pro-sumti: that yonder; distant demonstrative it; indicated thing far from speaker & listener 1d 0
le'e lem the stereotypical non-veridical descriptor: the stereotype of those described as ... at 0
lo'e lom the typical veridical descriptor: the typical one(s) who really is(are) ... at 0
va vaz there at location tense distance: near to ... ; there at ...; a medium/small distance from ... 4a 0
rotsu rot tsu ro'u thick 'stout' x1 is thick in dimension/direction x2 by standard x3; [relatively long in smallest dimension] 6f 9 [also stout]; (cf. barda, cinla, ganra, clani, condi, plana, gutci, minli)
cinla thin 'lean' x1 is thin in direction/dimension x2 by standard x3; [relatively short in smallest dimension] 6f 7 (cf. rotsu, jarki, tordu, cmalu, caxno, plana, jarki)
pensi pes pei think 'pensive' x1 thinks/considers/cogitates/reasons/is pensive about/reflects upon subject/concept x2 3l 164 [also: x1 is thoughtful (one sense); x2 is mental (one sense)/intellectual (one sense) (= selpei)]; (cf. cmavo list pe'i, jijnu, menli, morji, sidbo, jinvi, se nabmi, minra, lanli, besna, saske, skami)
taske thirst x1 thirsts for x2; x1 needs/wants drink/fluid/lubrication x2 2j 8 (cf. nitcu, djica, xagji, pinxe)
ti tif this here pro-sumti: this here; immediate demonstrative it; indicated thing/place near speaker 1d 0
cilta cil thread 'filament' x1 is a thread/filament/wire [shape/form] of material x2 9b 8 (cf. fenso, nivji, skori, silka)
galxe throat 'gullet' x1 is a/the throat/gullet [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: narrow(ing) opening of a deep hole] aa 6 (cf. cnebo, kevna, tunlo)
renro rer re'o throw x1 throws/launches/casts/hurls x2 to/at/in direction x3 (propulsion derives internally to x1) 8h 53 (cf. cecla (more general term), danti)
tamji taj thumb x1 is a/the thumb/big toe [body-part] on limb x2 of x3; [metaphor based on relative shape] 1c 10 [thumb (specifically the hand = xantamji), big toe (= jmatamji)]; (cf. degji, tance, xance, jamfu)
pikta ticket x1 is a ticket entitling x2 to entitlement/privilege x3 (event/state) under conditions x4 5g 22 (cf. jaspu)
ctaru tide x1 is a tide [cyclical/periodic expansion] in x2 caused by x3 a 7 (cf. xamsi)
tirxu tiger x1 is a tiger/leopard/jaguar/[tigress] of species/breed x2 with coat markings x3 ai 0 [a great cat noted/recognized by its markings, metaphorically: stripes, tiger markings]; (cf. mlatu)
tapla tile x1 is a tile/cake [shape/form] of material x2, shape x3, thickness x4 9b 1 [a tile is a 3-dimensional object, relatively uniform and significant in the 3rd dimension, but thin enough that its shape in the the other two dimensions is a significant feature; 'city block' is conceptually a tile; polygon (= taplytai or kardytai - shaped like an approximately-2-dimensional block, lijyclupa - a loop composed of lines)]; (cf. bliku, kubli, matci; karda, for which the 3rd dimension is insignificant, bliku, kurfa, matci, plita, tarmi)
temci tem tei time x1 is the time-duration/interval/period/[elapsed time] from time/event x2 to time/event x3 3e 66 [also age/elapsed time (= niltei)]; (cf. cacra, cedra, citsi, ranji, tcika, junla, renvi)
tcika time of day x1 [hours, {minutes}, {seconds}] is the time/hour of state/event x2 on day x3 at location x4 3e 50 [also o'clock, time-of-day]; (time units in x1 are specified as numbers separated by pi'e or are unit values massified with joi); (cf. cmavo list ti'u, cacra, cerni, detri, donri, djedi, junla, nicte, mentu, snidu, temci, vanci, dirba, mokca)
tinci tin x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of tin (Sn); [metaphor: cheap or base metal] ag 1 (cf. gunma, lante, boxfo, cnisa, jinme)
jipno jip ji'o tip 'point' x1 is a tip/point/vertex/extremity/end [0-dimension shape/form] on object x2 at locus x3 9b 3 (cf. mokca, jesni, fanmo, kojna, krasi)
tatpi ta'i tired x1 is tired/fatigued by effort/situation x2 (event); x1 needs/wants rest 4c 41 (cf. cikna, sipna, surla)
tanko tobacco x1 is a quantity of tobacco [leaf] of species/strain x2 aj 0 (cf. sigja, marna)
tamca tomato x1 is a tomato [fruit/vegetable/plant] of species/strain x2 aj 0 (cf. grute, stagi)
tonga tog to'a tone x1 is a tone/note of frequency/pitch x2 from source x3 a 0 (cf. rilti, zgike, janbe, siclu)
cinza tongs x1 is a/are tong(s)/chopsticks/pincers/tweezers/pliers [tool/body-part] for x2 to pinch x3 ao 6 (cf. tutci)
tance tac tongue x1 is a/the tongue [body-part] of x2; (metaphor: similar to nazbi, tamji, degji) aa 17 [(adjective:) x1 is lingual]; (cf. moklu, bangu, nazbi, tamji, degji)
mo'a mob too few digit/number: too few; subjective -
tutci tci tool x1 is a tool/utensil/resource/instrument/implement used for doing x2; [form determines function] 7g 13 (cf. cabra, minji, se pilno, zukte, sazri, basic tool types: salpo, pulni, cfine, klupe, jendu, xislu, vraga; utensils: forca, smuci, dakfu; specifics: balre, mruli, cinza, garna, pijne, pambe, canpa, pilno, vraga)
denci den de'i tooth 'dental' x1 is a/the tooth [body-part] of x2; (adjective:) x1 is dental aa 30 (for metaphor: see dakfu, pagre, jgalu); (cf. moklu, dakfu, pagre, jgalu, batci, bongu)
pencu pec pe'u touch x1 (agent) touches x2 with x3 [a locus on x1 or an instrument] at x4 [a locus on x2] 1g 38 (cf. ganse, darxi, jgari, penmi, jorne, satre, mosra, zgana)
betri bet tragedy 'tragic' x1 is a tragedy/disaster/tragic for x2 4c 53 (cf. badri, xlali, morsi, binra)
trene ren re'e train x1 is a train [vehicle] of cars/units x2 (mass) for rails/system/railroad x3, propelled by x4 7f 1 [a railed vehicle or train of vehicles; also subway (tu'unre'e), metro, trolley, tramway (= lajre'e), roller coaster; monorail (= dadre'e); cable car, sky car, ski lift (= cildadre'e)]; (cf. tcana)
benji bej be'i transfer 'send' x1 transfers/sends/transmits x2 to receiver x3 from transmitter/origin x4 via means/medium x5 4i 79 [also possibly "sharing"; no (complete) alienation from origin is implied]; [x5 carrier]; (cf. muvdu, dunda, mrilu, nirna, xruti, cradi, tivni, preja, cmavo list be'i, bevri, mrilu, tcana)
fanva translate x1 translates text/utterance x2 to language x3 from language x4 with translation result x5 1h 83 (cf. cusku, bangu)
litru li'u travel x1 travels/journeys/goes/moves via route x2 using means/vehicle x3; x1 is a traveller 7f 118 (x2 as a set includes points at least sufficient to constrain the route relevantly); (cf. bajra, cadzu, cpare, tcana, klama, cliva, pluta, limna, muvdu)
palne tray 'pan, platter' x1 is a tray/platter/flat container [pan/sheet/griddle] of contents x2, and made of material x3 5c 6 [also pallet, when used for carrying rather than support on the ground; a tray is flat-bottomed and shallow or without a rim, and is generally portable]; (cf. tansi, patxu, palta, ckana)
tricu ric tree x1 is a tree of species/cultivar x2 6c 93 (cf. cindu, ckunu, pezli, mudri, spati)
raktu ra'u trouble x1 (object/person/event/situation) troubles/disturbs x2 (person) causing problem(s) x3 4c 41 [also afflicts, is disruptive to, troublesome; x1/x3 are a care to x2, x2 is troubled by/cares about x1/x3 (= selra'u for reordered places)]; (cf. dicra, fanza, zunti, kurji, xanka)
jetnu jet je'u true x1 (du'u) is true/truth by standard/epistemology/metaphysics x2 3j 59 [words usable for epistemology typically have a du'u place]; (cf. stace, jitfa, fatci, birti, cfika)
tabra trumpet 'brass' x1 is a horn/trumpet/trombone/bugle [brass-wind/lip-reed musical instrument] ak 1 (cf. zgike)
jei jez truth abstract abstractor: truth-value abstractor; x1 is truth value of [bridi] under metaphysics x2 7a 0 [words usable for epistemology typically have a du'u place]
troci toc toi try x1 tries/attempts/makes an effort to do/attain x2 (event/state/property) by actions/method x3 2n 301 [also experiments at]; (cf. fliba, snada, cipra)
tubnu tu'u tube x1 is a length of tubing/pipe/hollow cylinder [shape/form] of material x2, hollow of material x3 9b 28 [also tube, sleeve, leg, hose, (adjective:) tubular]; (cf. kevna, canlu)
tujli tuj tulip x1 is a tulip (defined by flower shape) of species/strain x2 aj 0 (cf. spati)
xruki xuk turkey x1 is a turkey [food/bird] of species/breed x2 ai 9 (cf. cipni)
carna car turn x1 turns/rotates/revolves around axis x2 in direction x3 1g 48 [also revolve (= jincarna)]; (cf. gunro, jendu)
torni ton to'i twist 'torsion' x1 twists under load/force/torsion x2 a 42 (cf. tinsa, trati)
vukro vur vu'o Ukrainian x1 reflects Ukrainian language/culture/nationality in aspect x2 ab 0 (cf. slovo, softo)
santa umbrella x1 is an umbrella/parasol shielding x2 from x3, made of material x4, supported by x5 ao 4 (cf. carvi, solri)
jimpe jmi understand 'comprehend' x1 understands/comprehends fact/truth x2 (du'u) about subject x3; x1 understands (fi) x3 1h 148 (cf. djuno, jijnu, morna, smuni, saske, viska)
manfo uniform x1 (object/event) is uniform/homogeneous in property x2 (ka) 7j 11 (cf. prane, curve, ranji, vitno, stodi, dikni, sampu, traji)
jo'e jom union non-logical connective: union of sets at 0
gradu rau unit 'degree, grad' x1 [magnitude] is a unit/degree of/on scale/reference standard x2 (si'o) measuring property x3 7e 0 [also grade, level, point; x3 dimension]; (cf. ckilu, kantu, kelvo, merli, ranti, selci)
munje muj mu'e universe x1 is a universe/cosmos [complete and ordered entirety] of domain/sphere x2 defined by rules x3 a 44 [also world; a universe is a kind of system, one which comprehensively encompasses its domain; e.g. 'universe of discourse', or 'world of birds'; x3 are the rules/defining principles which distinguish the universe from other universes, or from non-universe]; (cf. ciste, plini, kensa, mulno)
bi'i biz unordered interval non-logical interval connective: unordered between ... and ... (rafsi represents any interval) at 0
su'u suv unspecif abstract abstractor: generalized abstractor (how); x1 is [bridi] as a non-specific abstraction of type x2 - (cf. sucta)
co'e com co'e unspecif bridi elliptical/unspecified bridi relationship at 0
cpana upon x1 is upon/atop/resting on/lying on [the upper surface of] x2 in frame of reference/gravity x3 1e 63 (x1 may be object or event); (cf. se vasru, jbini, zvati, nenri, vreta, ckana, diklo, jibni, lamji, zutse, punji for lay upon, sarji, zbepi)
xurdo xur xu'o Urdu x1 reflects Urdu language/culture/nationality in aspect x2 ab 1 (cf. kisto, srito, xindo)
pinca urine 'piss' x1 is a/the urine/piss/pee of x2 aa 1 (cf. vikmi, xasne, kalci, mabla, festi)
pilno pli use 'employ' x1 uses/employs x2 [tool, apparatus, machine, agent, acting entity, material] for purpose x3 2e 174 [also utilize; x2 is useful/used productively by x1 to do x3 (= selpli for reordered places); hire/employ (= le'ipli, lejyplicu'a)]; (cf. tutci, cabra, minji, gasnu, zukte for x2, cmavo list pi'o, sazri, jibri)
xaksu xak use up x1 (event) uses up/depletes/consumes/[wastes] x2 [resource] a 31 [waste (= fesxaksu, dusxaksu)]; (cf. citka, festi, daspo, livla, pinxe)
bacru ba'u utter x1 utters verbally/says/phonates/speaks [vocally makes sound] x2 1h 386 [also voices; does not necessarily imply communication or audience; ('says' is usually cusku)]; (cf. krixa, cusku, casnu, tavla, voksa, pinka)
jinku vaccine x1 is a vaccine/immune-system stimulant protecting x2 against disease x3 introduced by method x4 a 0 [also serum; inoculation (= jestu'u veljinku)] (cf. jurme, mikce, jesni, bilma)
vibna vib vagina x1 is a/the vagina [body-part] of x2 aa 0 (cf. cinse, gletu, pinji, plibu, vlagi, mabla)
vamji vam va'i value x1 (ni) is the equivalent value/worth of x2 [item(s) of value] to x3 for use/appreciation x4 8d 15 [also: x2 is worth x1 to x3; (for x2 person:) x2 merits (one sense), (adjective:) x2 is worthy (= selva'i for reordered places); merit reward (= nemselva'i); receive merited reward (= vamselne'u); x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= posyva'i, posyselva'i for unambiguous semantics)]; (cf. jdima, jerna, vecnu, dirba, janta, kargu, pleji; see note at jdima on cost/price/value distinction, vajni)
canci vanish x1 vanishes/disappears from location x2; x1 ceases to be observed at x2 using senses/sensor x3 a 22 [also leaves, goes away (one sense)]; (cf. cliva, ganse, zgana, lebna, vimcu)
cenba cne vary x1 varies/changes in property/quantity x2 (ka/ni) in amount/degree x3 under conditions x4 2c 38 [non-resultative, not-necessarily agentive change]; (cf. cenba which is non-resultative, galfi which is resultative and agentive, stika which is non-resultative and agentive; stodi, zasni, binxo)
stagi vegetable 'stalky' x1 is the edible x2 portion of plant x3; x1 is a vegetable 5b 7 [note that fruits and nuts are also vegetables; generally this word will be used for either the general category of edible plants, or for non-fruit vegetables (= nalrutstagi)]; (cf. grute, kobli, narge, sluni, spati, sunga, tamca)
marce ma'e vehicle x1 is a vehicle/mode of transport carrying x2 in/on surface/medium x3, propelled by x4 7f 12 (cf. klama, matra, bevri, bloti, carce, karce, sabnu, skiji)
sraji raj vertical 'upright' x1 is vertical/upright/erect/plumb/oriented straight up and down in reference frame/gravity x2 9b 5 (cf. sanli, pinta)
vidni video x1 is a video monitor/CRT/screen [machine] serving function x2 ao 18 (cf. skina, ve tivni)
jvinu vin ji'u view x1 is the view/scene/panorama/sight/prospect of x2 (object/location) from point-of-view x3 6c 18 [also x1 is on display to x2/x3]; (cf. catlu, kanla, viska, canko, jarco)
vlile vil violent x1 is an event/state/act of violence 8g 27 (cf. suksa, jursa)
vrude vud vu'e virtue x1 is virtuous/saintly/[fine/moral/nice/holy/morally good] by standard x2 2i 12 [holy/saintly (= cesyvu'e)]; (cf. palci, xamgu, marde, zabna)
vidru vir virus x1 is a virus of species/breed/defining property x2 capable of infecting [at] x3 ai 2 (cf. jurme)
viknu vik viscous 'thick' x1 is thick/viscous under conditions x2 6f 7 (cf. denmi, snipa)
voksa vok vo'a voice x1 is a voice/speech sound of individual x2 9a 134 (cf. sance, tirna, bacru)
vamtu vat vomit x1 vomits/regurgitates x2; x1 throws x2 up; [violent] digestive expulsion a 1 (x2 is non-gaseous); (cf. rigni, jetce, kafke, sputu)
vlagi lag vulva x1 is a/the vulva [body-part] of x2 aa 0 (cf. cinse, gletu, pinji, plibu, vibna, mabla)
denpa dep de'a wait 'pause' x1 awaits/waits/pauses for/until x2 at state x3 before starting/continuing x4 (activity/process) 1h 112 [(x2 is an event, usually a point event); also: resuming x4]; (cf. dicra, fanmo, sisti, fliba, pandi)
cadzu dzu walk x1 walks/strides/paces on surface x2 using limbs x3 1g 174 (cf. stapa, bajra, klama, litru)
bitmu bim bi'u wall x1 is a wall/fence separating x2 and x3 (unordered) of/in structure x4 1h 152 (cf. jbini, sepli, fendi, canko, drudi, kumfa, loldi, senta, snuji, pagre, gacri, kuspe, marbi, vorme)
jamna jam war x1 (person/mass) wars against x2 over territory/matter x3; x1 is at war with x2 8g 17 (cf. bradi, gunta, panpi, damba, darlu)
kajde jde warn 'caution' x1 (event/experience) warns/cautions x2 (person) of/about danger x3 (event/state/property) 4c 42 [agentive warning (= jdegau, jdezu'e); an attempt to warn which may not succeed (= jdetoi, jdegautoi, jdezuktoi)]; (cf. ckape, nupre, snura, tcica, xlura)
lumci lum lu'i wash x1 (agent) washes/cleanses x2 of soil/contaminant x3 in/with cleaning material(s) x4 5g 16 [agentless washing/cleansing (= cuvbi'o, jisybi'o)]; (cf. djacu, jinru, litki, zbabu, jinsa, curve)
festi fes waste x1(s) is/are waste product(s) [left to waste] by x2 (event/activity) a 20 [also shit, crap; agentive wasting (= fesygau, fesyzu'e)]; (cf. xaksu, kalci, pinca)
djacu jac jau water 'aqua-' x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity/expanse of water; (adjective:) x1 is aqueous/[aquatic] 4h 106 [aquatic (= jaupli)]; (cf. lalxu, rirxe, xamsi, limna, litki, lumci, bumru, jinto)
boxna bon bo'a wave x1 is a wave [periodic pattern] in medium x2, wave-form x3, wave-length x4, frequency x5 9b 14 (cf. slilu, dikni, cinje, polje, morna, canre)
lakse lak wax x1 is quantity of wax [substance especially soft/moldable when warm] from source x2 a 1 [also paraffin]; (cf. bifce, ranti, bidju)
ruble rub ble weak 'feeble' x1 is weak/feeble/frail in property/quality/aspect x2 (ka) by standard x3 7g 0 (cf. carmi, vlipa, tsali, kandi, kandi, milxe)
xarci xac xa'i weapon 'arms' x1 is a weapon/arms for use against x2 by x3 a 15 [gun/cannon (= celxa'i)]; (cf. jenmi, sonci, catra)
dasni das wear x1 wears/is robed/garbed in x2 as a garment of type x3 3f 71 [x2 need not be intended for use as a garment (unlike taxfu)]; (cf. taxfu)
tcima tim ti'a weather 'climate' x1 is weather at place/region x2; (adjective:) x1 is meteorological 4h 23 [climate (= citsyti'a, timymo'a)]; (cf. brife, bumru, carvi, dilnu, bratu)
jivbu weave x1 weaves x2 from material/[yarn] x3 as 0 (cf. fenso, nivji)
cfine wedge x1 is a wedge [shape/form/tool] of material x2 9b 2 (cf. tutci)
jeftu jef week x1 is x2 weeks in duration (default is 1 week) by standard x3 3e 33 [re. x3, a week may be more or less than seven days, classically being tied to the time between trips to the marketplace; this week (= cabjeftu); next week (= bavlamjeftu); last week (= prulamjeftu)]; (cf. detri, djedi, masti, nanca)
klaku kak weep x1 weeps/cries tears x2 about/for reason x3 (event/state) 4c 27 (cf. badri, krixa)
junta weight x1 is the weight of object x2 in [gravitational or other force] field x3 9b 0 (cf. grake, linto, tilju, bunda)
jinto well x1 is a well/spring of fluid x2 at location x3 a 12 (cf. krasi, djacu, fenra)
stici sic west x1 is to the west/western side of x2 according to frame of reference x3 5d 146 (cf. stuna, berti, snanu, farna)
maxri xri wheat x1 is a quantity of wheat [grain] of species/strain x2 aj 9 (cf. gurni)
xislu xil xi'u wheel x1 is a wheel [tool] of device/vehicle x2, made of materials/having properties x3 a 6 (cf. carce, karce, pulni, tutci)
bikla bik whip 'beat, lash' x1 whips/lashes/snaps [a sudden violent motion] ao 24 (cf. skori, darxi)
siclu sil whistle x1 [sound source] whistles/makes whistling sound/note/tone/melody x2 a 18 (cf. sance, tonga, sanga, zgike, savru)
blabi lab white x1 is white/very-light colored [color adjective] 1a 107 [pale forms of other colors are a compound of white; e.g. pink (= labyxu'e, xunblabi) (whereas kandi is used for pale = dimness, lack of intensity)]; (cf. skari, xekri, grusi, kandi, manku, carmi, bakri, blanu, bunre, cicna, crino, narju, nukni, pelxu, xunre, zirpu)
ve'e ve'e whole space interval location tense interval: the whole of space (rafsi is used to represent any space interval) at 0
ze'e ze'e whole time interval time tense interval: the whole of time (rafsi is used to represent any time interval) at 0
cilce cic wild (adjective:) x1 is wild/untamed 6c 30 [tame (= tolcilce)]; (cf. pinfu, panpi, tarti)
jinga jig ji'a win 'gain' x1 (person/team) wins/gains prize x2 from/over x3 [competitors/losers] in competition x4 8g 71 [also: x1 is a victor; x2 reward; x3 competitors here are opponents and in many situations, defeated/losers, vs. the set of those competing for a goal; x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= posyji'a, posyselji'a for unambiguous semantics)]; (cf. cirko, jivna, talsa, cnemu, prali, pleji, sfasa, jdima, jerna, bradi, kargu, kelci)
canko ca'o window x1 is a window/portal/opening [portal] in wall/building/structure x2 1f 153 (cf. vorme, bitmu, ganlo, murta, pagre, kevna, jvinu, kalri, kuspe)
vanju van wine x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of wine from fruit/grapes x2 2j 21 (cf. barja, birje, xalka, jikru, fusra)
nalci na'i wing x1 is a/the wing [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: lateral supporting surface] ai 13 (cf. cipni, pimlu, rebla)
dunra dur winter x1 is winter/wintertime [cold season] of year x2 at location x3 3e 18 (cf. citsi, crisa, critu, vensa)
prije pij wise 'sage' x1 is wise/sage about matter x2 (abstraction) to observer x3 a 54 (cf. bebna)
kansa kan with 'accompany' x1 is with/accompanies/is a companion of x2, in state/condition/enterprise x3 (event/state) 2g 228 [x1 is together with/along with x2] (cf. kagni, jorne, gunma, girzu, lasna)
claxu cau without 'lack' x1 is without/lacking/free of/lacks x2; x1 is x2-less 2g 145 (cf. cmavo list cau, cirko, kunti, nitcu, pindi, banzu)
labno wolf 'lobo' x1 is a wolf/lupine of species/breed x2 ai 3 (cf. gerku)
ninmu nim ni'u woman 'women' x1 is a woman/women; x1 is a female humanoid person [not necessarily adult] 1k 130 [word dispreferred in metaphor/example as sexist; (use remna or prenu)]; (cf. nanmu, remna, prenu, makcu, nixli)
gutra womb 'uterus' x1 is a/the womb/uterus [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: nourishing, protective, giving birth] aa 2 (cf. jbena, rorci, sovda, tarbi, ganti, mabla)
manci mac wonder x1 feels wonder/awe/marvels about x2 9d 43 (cf. cinmo, makfa, kucli, spaji, cinri, banli, sisku)
mudri mud wood 'lumber' x1 is a quantity of/is made of/contains wood/lumber from tree(s) of type/species x2 6b 27 (cf. tricu, stani)
sunla sul wool x1 is a quantity of/made from/consists of wool [tight curly hair] from animal/species/source x2 ai 3 (cf. kosta, kumte, lanme, kanba, bukpu, kerfa)
valsi val vla word x1 is a word meaning/causing x2 in language x3; (adjective: x1 is lexical/verbal) 1b 183 (cf. slaka, bangu, cmavo, cmene, gismu, jufra, rafsi, smuni)
bu bus bu'i word to lerfu convert any single word to BY - (cf. cmavo list selma'o BY)
gunka gun gu'a work x1 [person] labors/works on/at x2 [activity] with goal/objective x3 8c 174 [also: x1 is a worker/laborer]; (cf. sazri, gasnu, se jibri; zukte - which need not be labor; physics term 'work' = ni muvyselbai, briju, jibri, lazni, selfu)
curnu cur worm x1 is a worm/invertebrate animal of species/breed x2 ai 12 [also mollusk, snail (= cakcurnu), shellfish (= xaskemcakcurnu, xaskemcakydja); the generalization to invertebrate is because almost all multicellular invertebrates are indeed wormlike]; (cf. since, silka)
cinje cij wrinkle x1 is a wrinkle/crease/fold [shape/form] in x2 9b 5 (cf. korcu, polje, boxfo, boxna)
ciska ci'a write 'scribe' x1 inscribes/writes x2 on display/storage medium x3 with writing implement x4; x1 is a scribe 1h 270 [also x3 writing surface]; (cf. papri, penbi, pinsi, tcidu, xatra, pixra, prina, finti for 'author' or specific authorial works, barna, pinka)
nanca na'a year x1 is x2 years in duration (default is 1 year) by standard x3; (adjective:) x1 is annual 3e 110 [this year (= cabna'a); next year (= bavlamna'a); last year (= prulamna'a)]; (cf. detri, djedi, jeftu, masti)
pelxu pel yellow x1 is yellow/golden [color adjective] 1a 32 (cf. skari, blabi, xekri, kandi, carmi, narju, solji)
randa rad yield 'surrender' x1 yields/gives way/surrenders to x2 (force/agent) under conditions x3 a 0 (cf. jdari, renvi, ranti, se bapli)
vu vuz yonder at location tense distance: far from ... ; yonder at ... ; a long distance from ... 4a 0 (cf. darno, cmavo list vi, va)
do don doi you pro-sumti: you listener(s); identified by vocative 1d 0
citno cit ci'o young 'junior' x1 is young/youthful [relatively short in elapsed duration] by standard x2 2c 146 [also age (= nilnalci'o); (adjective:) x1 is junior]; (cf. cnino, slabu, verba)
zinki zin zi'i zinc x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of zinc (Zn); [metaphor: hard metal] ag 2 (cf. jinme)
01090 Lojban LogFlash cmavo list 09/16/98 01090
.a A sumti or logical connective: sumti afterthought or
.e A sumti and logical connective: sumti afterthought and
.o A sumti iff logical connective: sumti afterthought biconditional/iff/if-and-only-if
.u A sumti whether logical connective: sumti afterthought whether-or-not
ji A sumti conn ? logical connective: sumti afterthought connective question
.enai A* sumti but not logical connective: sumti afterthought x but not y
.onai A* sumti xor logical connective: sumti afterthought exclusive or; Latin 'aut'
na.a A* sumti only if logical connective: sumti afterthought conditional/only if
ba'e BAhE emphasize next forethought emphasis indicator; indicates next word is especially emphasized
za'e BAhE nonce-word next forethought nonce-word indicator; indicates next word is nonce-creation and may be nonstandard
ba'i BAI replaced by basti modal, 1st place replaced by ...
bai BAI compelled by bapli modal, 1st place (forced by) forcedly; compelled by force ...
bau BAI in language bangu modal, 1st place in language ...
be'i BAI sent by benji modal, 1st place (sender) sent by ...
ca'i BAI by authority of catni modal, 1st place by authority of ...
cau BAI lacked by claxu modal, 1st place lacked by ...
ci'e BAI in system ciste modal, 1st place used in scalar negation in system/context ...
ci'o BAI emotionally felt by cinmo modal, 1st place emotionally felt by ...
ci'u BAI on the scale ckilu modal, 1st place on the scale ...
cu'u BAI as said by cusku modal, 1st place (attribution/quotation) as said by source ...; used for quotation
de'i BAI dated detri modal, 1st place (for letters) dated ... ; attaches date stamp
di'o BAI at the locus of diklo modal, 1st place at the locus of ...
do'e BAI unspecif modal elliptical/unspecified modal
du'i BAI as much as dunli modal, 1st place (equalled by) equally; as much as ...
du'o BAI according to djuno modal, 1st place (info source) authoritatively; according to ...; known by ...
fa'e BAI reverse of fatne modal, 1st place backwards; reverse of ...
fau BAI in the event of fasnu modal, 1st place (non-causal) in the event of ...
fi'e BAI created by finti modal, 1st place (creator) created by ...
ga'a BAI to observer zgana modal, 1st place to observer ... ; witnessed by ...
gau BAI with active agent gasnu modal, 1st place agent/actor case tag with active agent ...
ja'e BAI therefore result jalge modal, 1st place resultingly; therefore result ...
ja'i BAI by rule javni modal, 1st place (by standard 1) orderly; by rule ...
ji'e BAI up to limit jimte modal, 1st place limitedly; up to limit ...
ji'o BAI under direction of jitro modal, 1st place (control) controlledly; under direction of ...
ji'u BAI based on jicmu modal, 1st place (assumptions); given that ...; based on ...
ka'a BAI gone to by klama modal, 1st place gone to by ...
ka'i BAI represented by krati modal, 1st place represented by ...
kai BAI characterizing ckaji modal, 1st place characterizing ...
ki'i BAI as a relation of ckini modal, 1st place (related to) relatively; as a relation of ...
ki'u BAI because of reason krinu modal, 1st place (justified by) justifiably; because of reason ...
koi BAI bounded by korbi modal, 1st place (bordered by) bounded by ...
ku'u BAI in culture kulnu modal, 1st place in culture ...
la'u BAI quantifying klani modal, 1st place (amount) quantifying ...; being a quantity of ...
le'a BAI in category klesi modal, 1st place (scalar set) in/of category ...
li'e BAI preceded by lidne modal, 1st place preceded by ...; non-time sequencing
ma'e BAI material object marji modal, 1st place material in object/substance ...
ma'i BAI in reference frame manri modal, 1st place (by standard 2) in reference frame ...
mau BAI exceeded by zmadu modal, 1st place (a greater) exceeded by ... ; usually a sumti modifier
me'a BAI undercut by mleca modal, 1st place (a lesser) undercut by ... ; usually a sumti modifier
me'e BAI with name cmene modal, 1st place (requires quote) with name ...; so-called ...
mu'i BAI because of motive mukti modal, 1st place because of motive ...
mu'u BAI exemplified by mupli modal, 1st place exemplified by ...
ni'i BAI because of logic nibli modal, 1st place logically; logically because ...
pa'a BAI in addition to panra modal, 1st place (parallel; shared property) similarly; in addition to ...
pa'u BAI having component pagbu modal, 1st place having component ...
pi'o BAI used by pilno modal, 1st place used by ...
po'i BAI in the sequence porsi modal, 1st place (in order) sequentially; in the sequence ...
pu'a BAI pleased by pluka modal, 1st place pleased by ...
pu'e BAI by process pruce modal, 1st place (in manner 1) by process ...
ra'a BAI pertained to by srana modal, 1st place pertained to by ... (generally more specific)
ra'i BAI from source krasi modal, 1st place from source/origin/starting point ...
rai BAI with superlative traji modal, 1st place with superlative ...
ri'a BAI because of cause rinka modal, 1st place (phys./mental) causal because ...
ri'i BAI experienced by lifri modal, 1st place patient/passive case tag; happens to...,experienced by...,with passive...
sau BAI requiring sarcu modal, 1st place requiring ...
si'u BAI aided by sidju modal, 1st place (aiding agent) aided by ...
ta'i BAI by method tadji modal, 1st place (in manner 3) methodically; by method ...
tai BAI in form tamsmi modal, 1st place (like)/(in manner 2) resembling ...; sharing ideal form ... (x1 resembles x2 sharing ideal form/shape x3 in property x4)
ti'i BAI suggested by stidi modal, 1st place suggested by ...; proposed by ...
ti'u BAI associated with time tcika modal, 1st place (for letters) associated with time ... ; attach time stamp
tu'i BAI associated with site stuzi modal, 1st place (used to situate letters) associated with site ... ; label with location
va'o BAI under conditions vanbi modal, 1st place (conditions 1) under conditions ...; in environment ...
va'u BAI benefiting from xamgu modal, 1st place beneficiary case tag complement benefiting from ...
zau BAI approved by zanru modal, 1st place approved by ...
zu'e BAI with actor zukte modal, 1st place (purposed agent) with goal-seeking actor ...
cu'u ko'a BAI* as said by it-1 tagged sumti: can be used for embedded: it-1 said, "...", with editorial unquote and insert
ja'enai BAI* nevertheless result jalge modal, 1st place (event causal) nevertheless result ...
ki'u ma BAI* with what reason? sumti question asking for a rational explanation/justification; why?
ki'unai BAI* despite reason krinu modal, 1st place despite reason ...
la'u ma BAI* in what quantity? sumti question asking for a quantity; how many?
me'e ma BAI* with what name? sumti question asking for a name; who?; requires quoted name as an answer
mu'i ma BAI* with what motive? sumti question asking for a motive; why?
mu'inai BAI* despite motive mukti modal, 1st place despite motive ...
ni'i ma BAI* by what logic? sumti question asking for a logical proof; why?
ni'inai BAI* despite logic nibli modal, 1st place despite logic ...
pa'aku BAI* each respectively sumti: explicitly marks respective use as in "THEY read THEIR (respective) books"
ri'a ma BAI* with what cause? sumti question asking for a physical cause; why?
ri'anai BAI* despite cause rinka modal, 1st place (phys./mental) despite cause ...
seba'i BAI* instead of basti modal, 2nd place instead of ...
sebai BAI* compelling bapli modal, 2nd place (forcing result) compelling event ...
sebau BAI* in language of bangu modal, 2nd place (speakers) in language of speakers ...
sebe'i BAI* transmitting benji modal, 2nd place (message/cargo) transmitting ...
seca'i BAI* with authority over catni modal, 2nd place authoritatively; with authority over ...
secau BAI* without claxu modal, 2nd place (lacking) without ...
seci'e BAI* with system function ciste modal, 2nd place with system function ...
seci'o BAI* emoting cinmo modal, 2nd place (shows attitude) emotionally; emoting ...
seci'u BAI* on scale measuring ckilu modal, 2nd place used in scalar negation on scale measuring ...
secu'u BAI* expressing cusku modal, 2nd place (saying) expressively; expressing ...
sede'i BAI* on the same date as detri modal, 2nd place (for letters) on the same date as ... ; label with event
sedi'o BAI* at specific locus diklo modal, 2nd place locally; at specific locus ...
sedu'i BAI* equal to dunli modal, 2nd place (same as 1st); equal to ... [same as 1st place modal]
sedu'o BAI* knowing facts djuno modal, 2nd place knowingly; knowing facts ...
sefa'e BAI* in reversal of fatne modal, 2nd place (same as 1st); backwards; in reversal of ...
sefi'e BAI* creating work finti modal, 2nd place creatively; creating work ...
sega'a BAI* observing zgana modal, 2nd place observing ...
segau BAI* as agent in doing gasnu modal, 2nd place actor/agent case complement; actively; as active agent in doing ...
seja'e BAI* results because jalge modal, 2nd place (event causal) results because of ...
seja'enai BAI* results despite jalge modal, 2nd place (event causal) results despite ...
seja'i BAI* by rule prescribing javni modal, 2nd place orderly; by rule prescribing ...
seji'e BAI* as a limit of jimte modal, 2nd place limitedly; as a limit of ...
seji'o BAI* controlling aspects jitro modal, 2nd place controlledly; controlling/guiding aspects ...
seji'u BAI* supporting jicmu modal, 2nd place (from basis) supporting ...; as a basis for ...
seka'a BAI* with destination klama modal, 2nd place with destination ...
seka'i BAI* on behalf of krati modal, 2nd place representingly; on behalf of ...
sekai BAI* with property ckaji modal, 2nd place (quality) characterized by ...; with property ...
sekai ma BAI* which kind? sumti question asking for a characteristic property/quality; which?
seki'i BAI* related to ckini modal, 2nd place (same as 1st) related to ...
seki'u BAI* reason therefore krinu modal, 2nd place reason therefore ...
seki'unai BAI* reason nevertheless krinu modal, 2nd place reason nevertheless ...
sekoi BAI* as boundary of korbi modal, 2nd place (bounding) as boundary of ...
seku'u BAI* in culture of kulnu modal, 2nd place (people) in culture of ...
sela'u BAI* in quantity klani modal, 2nd place in quantity ...; measured as ...
sele'a BAI* as a category of klesi modal, 2nd place as a category of/within ...
seli'e BAI* preceding lidne modal, 2nd place preceding ...;leading ... ; non-time sequence
sema'e BAI* made of material marji modal, 2nd place made of material/composition ...
sema'i BAI* as a standard for manri modal, 2nd place (of reference) as a reference standard for observing ...
semau BAI* more than zmadu modal, 2nd place (relative!) more than ...; usually a sumti modifier
semaunai BAI* not more than zmadu modal, 2nd place (relative!) not more than ...; usually a sumti modifier
seme'a BAI* less than mleca modal, 2nd place (relative!) less than ...; usually a sumti modifier
seme'anai BAI* not less than mleca modal, 2nd place (relative!) not less than ...; usually a sumti modifier
seme'e BAI* as a name for cmene modal, 2nd place (the named one) as a name for ...
semu'i BAI* motive therefore mukti modal, 2nd place motive therefore ...; motivating action ...
semu'inai BAI* motive nevertheless mukti modal, 2nd place motive nevertheless ...
semu'u BAI* example of property mupli modal, 2nd place as an example of property ...
seni'i BAI* entails therefore nibli modal, 2nd place entails therefore ...
seni'inai BAI* entails nevertheless nibli modal, 2nd place entails nevertheless ...
sepa'a BAI* similar to panra modal, 2nd place similarly; similar to ...
sepa'u BAI* as a part of pagbu modal, 2nd place (whole) partially; as a part of ...
sepi'o BAI* using tool pilno modal, 2nd place (instrumental) tool/machine/apparatus/acting entity; using (tool) ...
sepo'i BAI* sequenced by rules porsi modal, 2nd place sequentially; sequenced by rules ...
sepu'a BAI* in order to please pluka modal, 2nd place (for) pleasingly; pleasing ...; in order to please ...
sepu'e BAI* processing from pruce modal, 2nd place (inputs) processing from inputs ...
sera'a BAI* concerning srana modal, 2nd place (pertaining to) relevantly; concerning ... (less specific)
sera'i BAI* as an origin of krasi modal, 2nd place originally; as an origin/starting point of ...
serai BAI* superlative in traji modal, 2nd place (property) -est; most extremely; superlative in ...
seri'a BAI* causal therefore rinka modal, 2nd place (phys./mental) causal therefore ...
seri'anai BAI* causal nevertheless rinka modal, 2nd place (phys./mental) causal nevertheless ...
seri'i BAI* experiencing lifri modal, 2nd place experiencing ...; undergoing ...
sesau BAI* necessary for sarcu modal, 2nd place (process) necessarily; necessary for ...
sesi'u BAI* assisting sidju modal, 2nd place assisting ... (in doing/maintaining something)
seta'i BAI* as a method for tadji modal, 2nd place methodically; as a method for doing ...
setai BAI* as a form of tamsmi modal, 2nd place similarly; resembling ... (in ideal form) (x1 resembles x2 sharing ideal form/shape x3 in property x4)
seti'i BAI* suggesting stidi modal, 2nd place suggestively; suggesting (idea/action) ...
seti'u BAI* at the same time as tcika modal, 2nd place (for letters) at the same time as ... ; label with event
setu'i BAI* as a location of stuzi modal, 2nd place as a location of ...
seva'o BAI* as conditions for vanbi modal, 2nd place (environment) as conditions/environment of/for ...
seva'u BAI* with beneficiary xamgu modal, 2nd place beneficiary case tag for the benefit of...; with beneficiary ...
sezau BAI* approving zanru modal, 2nd place approvingly; approving ...
sezu'e BAI* goalfully acting at zukte modal, 2nd place purposefully; goalfully acting at ...
ta'i ma BAI* by what method? sumti question asking for a method; how?
tebau BAI* expressing bangu modal, 3rd place (expression) language expressing ...
tebe'i BAI* sent to benji modal, 3rd place (source) sent to receiver ...
teca'i BAI* basis for authority catni modal, 3rd place authoritatively; with basis of authority ...
teci'e BAI* of system components ciste modal, 3rd place of system components ...
teci'o BAI* emoting about cinmo modal, 3rd place (attitude about) emotionally; emoting about ...
tecu'u BAI* as told to cusku modal, 3rd place (3rd party hearsay) as told to ...
tede'i BAI* on date at location detri modal, 3rd place on a date measured at location ...
tedi'o BAI* at locus within range diklo modal, 3rd place locally; at specific locus within range ...
tedu'i BAI* equal in property dunli modal, 3rd place equally; equal in property ...
tedu'o BAI* knowing about djuno modal, 3rd place knowingly; knowing about ...
tefi'e BAI* created for purpose finti modal, 3rd place creatively; created for purpose ...
tega'a BAI* observed by means zgana modal, 3rd place observed by means ...
teja'i BAI* by rule within javni modal, 3rd place orderly; by rule within system ...
teji'e BAI* limited in property jimte modal, 3rd place limitedly; limited in property/domain ...
teji'o BAI* controlling event jitro modal, 3rd place controlledly; controlling event ...
teka'a BAI* with origin klama modal, 3rd place with origin ...
teka'i BAI* representing in krati modal, 2nd place representingly; representing in matter...
teki'i BAI* with relation ckini modal, 3rd place with relation ...
tekoi BAI* bordering korbi modal, 3rd place (bounding) bordering ...
tela'u BAI* measured on scale klani modal, 3rd place quantity measured on scale ...
tele'a BAI* defined by quality klesi modal, 3rd place (category) defined by quality ...
teli'e BAI* ordered in sequence lidne modal, 3rd place ordered within sequence ...; non-time sequence
tema'e BAI* in material form marji modal, 3rd place in material form ...
tema'i BAI* rules of standard manri modal, 3rd place (of reference) observed/measured with/by rules ...
temau BAI* more in property zmadu modal, 3rd place (relative!) more than/exceeding in property ...
teme'a BAI* less in property mleca modal, 3rd place (relative!) less than in property ...
teme'e BAI* as a name used by cmene modal, 3rd place as a name used by ...
temu'i BAI* motive of person mukti modal, 3rd place motivated/motivating per the volition of ...
temu'u BAI* example out oof set mupli modal, 3rd place as an example out of the set of ...
teni'i BAI* under logic system nibli modal, 3rd place entailment under logic system ...
tepa'a BAI* contrasting property panra modal, 3rd place (property) contrastingly; contrasting in property ...
tepi'o BAI* usage for purpose pilno modal, 3rd place (instrumental) a tool usage for purpose ...
tepo'i BAI* ordering items porsi modal, 3rd place sequentially; as an order on set of items ...
tepu'a BAI* pleasing conditions pluka modal, 3rd place pleasingly; being pleasing under conditions ...
tepu'e BAI* processing into pruce modal, 3rd place (outputs) processing into outputs ...
terai BAI* at extreme traji modal, 3rd place (superlative) -est; most extremely; at extreme ...
teri'a BAI* causal conditions rinka modal, 2nd place (phys./mental) causally under conditions ...
tesau BAI* necessarily under sarcu modal, 3rd place (conditions 2) necessarily; necessarily under ...
tesi'u BAI* assisting in sidju modal, 3rd place assisting in doing/maintaining/achieving ...
teta'i BAI* method conditions tadji modal, 3rd place methodically doing (something) under conditions ...
tetai BAI* sharing ideal form tamsmi modal, 3rd place similarly; sharing common ideal form ... (x1 resembles x2 sharing ideal form/shape x3 in property x4)
teti'i BAI* suggested to stidi modal, 3rd place suggestively; suggested to ...
teti'u BAI* time on day tcika modal, 3rd place (for letters) as a time on day ...
teva'u BAI* goodness standard xamgu modal, 3rd place good/beneficial by standard ...
tezu'e BAI* with goal zukte modal, 3rd place purposefully; (as an action) with goal ...
vebe'i BAI* transmit origin benji modal, 4th place transmit origin ...
veci'e BAI* with synergy in ciste modal, 4th place as a system with synergy in ...
vecu'u BAI* expressed in medium cusku modal, 4th place in expression medium ...
vede'i BAI* on date by calendar detri modal, 4th place on a date according to calendar ...
vedu'o BAI* under epistemology djuno modal, 4th place under epistemology ...
vefi'e BAI* created from finti modal, 4th place creatively; created from ideas/elements ...
vega'a BAI* observed under zgana modal, 4th place (under conditions) observed under observing conditions ...
veka'a BAI* via route klama modal, 4th place via route ...
vemau BAI* more by amount zmadu modal, 4th place (relative!) more than/exceeding by amount ...
veme'a BAI* less by amount mleca modal, 4th place (relative!) less than by amount ...
vepa'a BAI* similar by standard panra modal, 4nd place (standard/geometry) similarly; similar by standard ...
vepu'e BAI* passing thru stages pruce modal, 4th place (set of stages) passing through processing stages ...
verai BAI* superlative among traji modal, 4th place (set) -est; most extremely; superlative among ...
vetai BAI* similar in property tamsmi modal, 4th place similarly; sharing ideal form in property ... (x1 resembles x2 sharing ideal form/shape x3 in property x4)
veti'u BAI* time at location tcika modal, 4th place (for letters) as a time at location ...
xebe'i BAI* transmitted via benji modal, 5th place (medium) transmitted via ...
xeka'a BAI* by transport mode klama modal, 5th place by transport mode ...
be BE link sumti sumti link to attach sumti (default x2) to a selbri; used in descriptions
be'o BEhO end linked sumti elidable terminator: end linked sumti in specified description
bei BEI link more sumti separates multiple linked sumti within a selbri; used in descriptions
bi'e BIhE hi priority operator prefixed to a mex operator to indicate high priority
bi'i BIhI unordered interval non-logical interval connective: unordered between ... and ...
bi'o BIhI ordered interval non-logical interval connective: ordered from ... to ...
mi'i BIhI center-range non-logical interval connective: ordered components: ... center, ... range surrounding center
bo BO short scope link short scope joiner; joins various constructs with shortest scope and right grouping
boi BOI end number or lerfu elidable terminator: terminate numeral or letteral string
bu BU word to lerfu convert any single word to BY
.abu BY* a letteral for a
.ebu BY* e letteral for e
.ibu BY* i letteral for i
.obu BY* o letteral for o
.ubu BY* u letteral for u
.uibu BY* happy face letteral: happiness symbol (letteral)
.ybu BY* y letteral for y
denpa bu BY* pause symbol letteral: Lojban "." character
joibu BY* & letteral: ampersand character; especially used in standing for a mixed connective
slaka bu BY* close-comma letteral: Lojban "," character
zo'obu BY* smiley face letteral: humor symbol, ":-)" and its related forms expressing humor (letteral)
ga'e BY1 upper-case shift upper-case letteral shift
ge'o BY1 Greek shift shift letterals to Greek alphabet
je'o BY1 Hebrew shift shift letterals to Hebrew alphabet
jo'o BY1 Arabic shift shift letterals to Arabic alphabet
lo'a BY1 Lojban shift shift letterals to Lojban (Roman) alphabet
na'a BY1 cancel shifts cancel all letteral shifts
ru'o BY1 Cyrillic shift shift letterals to Cyrillic alphabet
se'e BY1 character code following digits code a character (in ASCII, Unicode, etc.)
to'a BY1 lower-case shift lower-case letteral shift
.y'y BY2 ' letteral for '
by BY2 b letteral for b
cy BY2 c letteral for c
dy BY2 d letteral for d
fy BY2 f letteral for f
gy BY2 g letteral for g
jy BY2 j letteral for j
ky BY2 k letteral for k
ly BY2 l letteral for l
my BY2 m letteral for m
ny BY2 n letteral for n
py BY2 p letteral for p
ry BY2 r letteral for r
sy BY2 s letteral for s
ty BY2 t letteral for t
vy BY2 v letteral for v
xy BY2 x letteral for x
zy BY2 z letteral for z
ca'a CAhA actually is modal aspect: actuality/ongoing event
ka'e CAhA innately capable of modal aspect: innate capability; possibly unrealized
nu'o CAhA can but has not modal aspect: can but has not; unrealized potential
pu'i CAhA can and has modal aspect: can and has; demonstrated potential
na'epu'i CAhA* has never modal aspect: has never, and perhaps cannot; other-than-demonstrated-ability
cai CAI intense emotion attitudinal: strong intensity attitude modifier
cu'i CAI neutral emotion attitudinal: neutral scalar attitude modifier
pei CAI emotion ? attitudinal: attitudinal question; how do you feel about it? with what intensity?
ru'e CAI weak emotion attitudinal: weak intensity attitude modifier
sai CAI strong emotion attitudinal: moderate intensity attitude modifier
ce'e CEhE afterthought termset links terms into an afterthought termset
cei CEI pro-bridi assign selbri variable assignment; assigns broda series pro-bridi to a selbri
co CO tanru inversion tanru inversion operator; "... of type ..."; allows modifier trailing sumti without sumti links
be'e COI request to send vocative: request to send/speak
co'o COI partings vocative: partings/good-bye
coi COI greetings vocative: greetings/hello
fe'o COI over and out vocative: over and out (end discussion)
fi'i COI hospitality vocative: hospitality - inhospitality; you are welcome/ make yourself at home
je'e COI roger vocative: roger (ack) - negative acknowledge; used to acknowledge offers and thanks
ju'i COI attention vocative: attention - at ease - ignore me
ke'o COI please repeat vocative: please repeat
ki'e COI thanks vocative: thanks - no thanks to you
mi'e COI self-introduction self vocative: self-introduction - denial of identity; identifies speaker
mu'o COI over vocative: over (response OK) - more to come
nu'e COI promise vocative: promise - promise release - un-promise
pe'u COI please vocative: please
re'i COI ready to receive vocative: ready to receive - not ready to receive
ta'a COI interruption vocative: interruption
vi'o COI wilco vocative: wilco (ack and will comply)
coico'o COI* greetings in passing vocative: greetings in passing
fi'inai COI* inhospitality vocative: hospitality - inhospitality
je'enai COI* negative acknowledge vocative: roger (ack) - negative acknowledge; I didn't hear you
ju'icu'i COI* at ease vocative: attention - at ease - ignore me
ju'inai COI* ignore me vocative: attention - at ease - ignore me
ki'enai COI* no thanks to you vocative: thanks - no thanks to you
mi'enai COI* no, I am not self vocative: self-introduction - denial of identity; denies identity of speaker
mu'onai COI* more to come vocative: over (response OK) - more to come
nu'ecu'i COI* release from promise vocative: promise - promise release - un-promise
nu'enai COI* non-promise vocative: promise - promise release - un-promise
re'inai COI* not ready to receive vocative: ready to receive - not ready to receive
cu CU selbri separator elidable marker: separates selbri from preceding sumti, allows preceding terminator elision
cu'e CUhE modal ? tense/modal question
nau CUhE reference point tense: refers to current space/time reference absolutely
da'o DAhO cancel pro-assigns discursive: cancel pro-sumti/pro-bridi assignments
do'u DOhU end vocative elidable terminator: end vocative (often elidable)
doi DOI vocative marker generic vocative marker; identifies intended listener; elidable after COI
doido'u DOI* O You! generic vocative address to intended listener;
fa FA 1st sumti place sumti place tag: tag 1st sumti place
fai FA extra sumti place sumti place tag: tag a sumti moved out of numbered place structure; used in modal conversions
fe FA 2nd sumti place sumti place tag: tag 2nd sumti place
fi FA 3rd sumti place sumti place tag: tag 3rd sumti place
fi'a FA sumti place ? sumti place tag: place structure number/tag question
fo FA 4th sumti place sumti place tag: tag 4th sumti place
fu FA 5th sumti place sumti place tag: tag 5th sumti place
mo'ibe'a FAhA* northwardly space motion tense: northwardly; to the north directional space motion
mo'ibu'u FAhA* moving to coincide space motion tense: moving to coincide directional space motion
mo'ica'u FAhA* forward space motion tense: forward directional space motion
mo'idu'a FAhA* eastwardly space motion tense: eastwardly; to the east directional space motion
mo'ifa'a FAhA* arriving at space motion tense: arriving at; arriving at a point directional space motion
mo'iga'u FAhA* upwardly space motion tense: upwardly; upwards directional space motion
mo'ine'a FAhA* approximating space motion tense: approximating; moving around the neighborhood of ... space motion
mo'ine'i FAhA* into space motion tense: moving into directional space motion
mo'ine'u FAhA* southwardly space motion tense: southwardly; to the south directional space motion
mo'ini'a FAhA* downwardly space motion tense: downwardly; downwards directional space motion
mo'ipa'o FAhA* passing through space motion tense: passing through directional space motion
mo'ire'o FAhA* along space motion tense: along; along a path directional space motion
mo'iri'u FAhA* rightwardly space motion tense: rightwardly; to the right directional space motion
mo'iru'u FAhA* orbiting space motion tense: orbiting; surrounding/annular directional space motion
mo'ite'e FAhA* moving the border space motion tense: moving along the border directional space motion
mo'iti'a FAhA* rearwardsly space motion tense: rearwardsly; rearwards directional space motion
mo'ito'o FAhA* moving away from space motion tense: moving away from a point directional space motion
mo'ivu'a FAhA* westwardly space motion tense: westwardly; to the west directional space motion
mo'ize'o FAhA* outwardsly space motion tense: outwardsly; outward directional space motion
mo'izo'a FAhA* passing by space motion tense: passing by a site directional space motion
mo'izo'i FAhA* approaching space motion tense: approaching directional space motion
mo'izu'a FAhA* leftwardsly space motion tense: leftwardsly; to the left directional space motion
na'efa'a FAhA* not towards point space direction: not towards specified point, contrary negation; direction modal
be'a FAhA1 north of location tense relation/direction; north of
du'a FAhA1 east of location tense relation/direction; east of
ne'u FAhA1 south of location tense relation/direction; south of
vu'a FAhA1 west of location tense relation/direction; west of
ca'u FAhA2 in front of location tense relation/direction; forwards/to the front of ...
ga'u FAhA2 above location tense relation/direction; upwards/up from ...
ni'a FAhA2 below location tense relation/direction; downwards/down from ...
ri'u FAhA2 on the right of location tense relation/direction; rightwards/to the right of ...
ru'u FAhA2 surrounding location tense relation/direction; surrounding/annular ...
ti'a FAhA2 behind location tense relation/direction; rearwards/to the rear of ...
zu'a FAhA2 on the left of location tense relation/direction; leftwards/to the left of ...
bu'u FAhA3 coincident with location tense relation/direction; coincident with/at the same place as; space equivalent of ca
ne'a FAhA3 next to location tense relation/direction; approximating/next to ...
ne'i FAhA3 within location tense relation/direction; within/inside of/into ...
pa'o FAhA3 transfixing location tense relation/direction; transfixing/passing through ...
re'o FAhA3 adjacent to location tense relation/direction; adjacent to/touching/contacting ...
te'e FAhA3 bordering location tense relation/direction; edged by/edging up to ...
fa'a FAhA4 towards point location tense relation/direction; arriving at/directly towards ...
to'o FAhA4 away from point location tense relation/direction; departing from/directly away from ...
ze'o FAhA4 outward location tense relation/direction; beyond/outward/receding from ...
zo'a FAhA4 tangential to location tense relation/direction; tangential to/passing by ...
zo'i FAhA4 inward location tense relation/direction; nearer than .../inward/approaching from ...
fa'o FAhO end of text unconditional end of text; outside regular grammar; used for computer input
fe'e FEhE space aspects mark space interval distributive aspects; labels interval tense modifiers as location-oriented
fe'u FEhU end modal selbri elidable terminator: end nonce conversion of selbri to modal; usually elidable
fi'o FIhO selbri to modal convert selbri to nonce modal/sumti tag
foi FOI end composite lerfu terminator: end composite lerfu; never elidable
fu'a FUhA reverse Polish reverse Polish mathematical expression (mex) operator flag
fu'e FUhE indicator scope begin indicator long scope
fu'o FUhO end indicator scope end indicator long scope; terminates scope of all active indicators
ga GA fore or logical connective: forethought all but tanru-internal or (with gi)
ge GA fore and logical connective: forethought all but tanru-internal and (with gi)
ge'i GA fore conn ? logical connective: forethought all but tanru-internal connective question (with gi)
go GA fore iff logical connective: forethought all but tanru internal biconditional/iff/if-and-only-if(with gi)
gu GA fore whether logical connective: forethought all but tanru-internal whether-or-not (with gi)
ganai GA* fore only if logical connective: forethought all but tanru-internal conditional/only if (with gi)
gonai GA* fore xor logical connective: forethought all but tanru-internal exclusive or (with gi); Latin 'aut'
ga'o GAhO inclusive interval closed interval bracket marker; mod. intervals in non-logical connectives; include boundaries
ke'i GAhO exclusive interval open interval bracket marker; modifies intervals in non-logical connectives; exclude boundaries
ge'u GEhU end relative phrase elidable terminator: end relative/modal phrases; usually elidable in non-complex phrases
gi GI connective medial logical connective: all but tanru-internal forethought connective medial marker
gi'a GIhA bridi or logical connective: bridi-tail afterthought or
gi'e GIhA bridi and logical connective: bridi-tail afterthought and
gi'i GIhA bridi conn ? logical connective: bridi-tail afterthought conn question
gi'o GIhA bridi iff logical connective: bridi-tail afterthought biconditional/iff/if-and-only-if
gi'u GIhA bridi whether logical connective: bridi-tail afterthought whether-or-not
gi'enai GIhA* bridi but not logical connective: bridi-tail afterthought x but not y
gi'onai GIhA* bridi xor logical connective: bridi-tail afterthought exclusive or; Latin 'aut'
nagi'a GIhA* bridi only if logical connective: bridi-tail afterthought conditional/only if
bu'a GOhA some selbri 1 logically quantified predicate variable: some selbri 1
bu'e GOhA some selbri 2 logically quantified predicate variable: some selbri 2
bu'i GOhA some selbri 3 logically quantified predicate variable: some selbri 3
co'e GOhA unspecif bridi elliptical/unspecified bridi relationship
du GOhA same identity as identity selbri; = sign; x1 identically equals x2, x3, etc.; attached sumti refer to same thing
go'a GOhA recent bridi pro-bridi: repeats a recent bridi (usually not the last 2)
go'e GOhA penultimate bridi pro-bridi: repeats the next to last bridi
go'i GOhA last bridi pro-bridi: preceding bridi; in answer to a yes/no question, repeats the claim, meaning yes
go'o GOhA future bridi pro-bridi: repeats a future bridi, normally the next one
go'u GOhA earlier bridi pro-bridi: repeats a remote past bridi
mo GOhA bridi ? pro-bridi: bridi/selbri/brivla question
nei GOhA current bridi pro-bridi: repeats the current bridi
no'a GOhA next outer bridi pro-bridi: repeats the bridi in which this one is embedded
go'ira'o GOhA* true for me too pro-bridi: preceding bridi; repeats claim as true, updating for speaker/listener change
nago'i GOhA* deny last bridi selbri: repeats preceding bridi while denying it as false; pro-assign values are unchanged
goi GOI pro-sumti assign sumti assignment; used to define/assign ko'a/fo'a series pro-sumti; Latin 'sive'
ne GOI incidental phrase non-restrictive relative phrase marker: which incidentally is associated with ...
no'u GOI incidental identity non-restrictive appositive phrase marker: which incidentally is the same thing as ...
pe GOI restrictive phrase restrictive relative phrase marker: which is associated with ...; loosest associative/possessive
po GOI is specific to restrictive relative phrase marker: which is specific to ...; normal possessive physical/legal
po'e GOI which belongs to restrictive relative phrase marker: which belongs to ... ; inalienable possession
po'u GOI restrictive identity restrictive appositive phrase marker: which is the same thing as
gu'a GUhA fore tanru or logical connective: tanru-internal forethought or (with gi)
gu'e GUhA fore tanru and logical connective: tanru-internal forethought and (with gi)
gu'i GUhA fore tanru conn ? logical connective: tanru-internal forethought question (with gi)
gu'o GUhA fore tanru iff logical connective: tanru-internal forethought biconditional/iff/if-and-only-if (with gi)
gu'u GUhA fore tanru whether logical connective: tanru-internal forethought whether-or-not (with gi)
gu'anai GUhA* fore tanru only if logical connective: tanru-internal forethought conditional/only if (with gi)
gu'onai GUhA* fore tanru xor logical connective: tanru-internal forethought exclusive or (with gi); Latin 'aut'
.i I sentence link sentence link/continuation; continuing sentences on same topic; normally elided for new speakers
ja JA tanru or logical connective: tanru-internal afterthought or
je JA tanru and logical connective: tanru-internal afterthought and
je'i JA tanru conn ? logical connective: tanru-internal afterthought conn question
jo JA tanru iff logical connective: tanru-internal afterthought biconditional/iff/if-and-only-if
ju JA tanru whether logical connective: tanru-internal afterthought whether-or-not
.ija JA* sentence or logical connective: sentence afterthought or
.ijanai JA* sentence if logical connective: sentence afterthought: (preceding sentence) if this sentence
.ije JA* sentence and logical connective: sentence afterthought and
.ije'i JA* sentence conn ? logical connective: sentence afterthought conn question
.ijenai JA* sentence but not logical connective: sentence afterthought x but not y
.ijo JA* sentence iff logical connective: sentence afterthought biconditional/iff/if-and-only-if
.ijonai JA* sentence xor logical connective: sentence afterthought exclusive or; Latin 'aut'
.iju JA* sentence whether logical connective: sentence afterthought whether-or-not
.inaja JA* sentence only if logical connective: sentence afterthought conditional/only if
jenai JA* tanru but not logical connective: tanru-internal afterthought x but not y
jonai JA* tanru xor logical connective: tanru-internal afterthought exclusive or; Latin 'aut'
naja JA* tanru only if logical connective: tanru-internal afterthought conditional/only if
jai JAI modal conversion convert tense/modal (tagged) place to 1st place; 1st place moves to extra FA place (fai)
jo'i JOhI array join mathematical expression (mex) operands into an array
ce JOI in a set with non-logical connective: set link, unordered; "and also", but forming a set
ce'o JOI in a sequence with non-logical connective: ordered sequence link; "and then", forming a sequence
fa'u JOI and respectively non-logical connective: respectively; unmixed ordered distributed association
jo'e JOI union non-logical connective: union of sets
jo'u JOI in common with non-logical connective: in common with; along with (unmixed)
joi JOI in a mass with non-logical connective: mixed conjunction; "and" meaning "mixed together", forming a mass
ju'e JOI vague connective vague non-logical connective: analogous to plain ".i"
ku'a JOI intersection non-logical connective: intersection of sets
pi'u JOI cross product non-logical connective: cross product; Cartesian product of sets
ke KE start grouping start grouping of tanru, etc; ... type of ... ; overrides normal tanru left grouping
ke'e KEhE end grouping elidable terminator: end of tanru left grouping override (usually elidable)
kei KEI end abstraction elidable terminator: end abstraction bridi (often elidable)
ki KI tense default tense/modal: set/use tense default; establishes new open scope space/time/modal reference base
la'edi'u KOhA* last utterance it pro-sumti: the referent of the last utterance; the state described: "IT was fun"
le go'i KOhA* the x1 of last bridi description pro-sumti: reuses the value of the x1 of the previous bridi
le sego'i KOhA* the x2 of last bridi description pro-sumti: reuses the value of the x2 of the previous bridi
le tego'i KOhA* the x3 of last bridi description pro-sumti: reuses the value of the x3 of the previous bridi
le vego'i KOhA* the x4 of last bridi description pro-sumti: reuses the value of the x4 of the previous bridi
le xego'i KOhA* the x5 of last bridi description pro-sumti: reuses the value of the x5 of the previous bridi
noda KOhA* nothing at all logically quantified sumti: nothing at all (unless restricted)
roda KOhA* everything logically quantified universal sumti: everything (unless restricted)
da KOhA1 something 1 logically quantified existential pro-sumti: there exists something 1 (usually restricted)
de KOhA1 something 2 logically quantified existential pro-sumti: there exists something 2 (usually restricted)
di KOhA1 something 3 logically quantified existential pro-sumti: there exists something 3 (usually restricted)
da'e KOhA2 eventual utterance pro-sumti: remote future utterance; "He'll tell you tomorrow. IT will be a doozy."
da'u KOhA2 earlier utterance pro-sumti: a remote past utterance; "She couldn't have known that IT would be true."
de'e KOhA2 soon utterance pro-sumti: a near future utterance
de'u KOhA2 recent utterance pro-sumti: a recent utterance
dei KOhA2 this utterance pro-sumti: this utterance
di'e KOhA2 next utterance pro-sumti: the next utterance
di'u KOhA2 last utterance pro-sumti: the last utterance
do'i KOhA2 unspecif utterance pro-sumti: elliptical/unspecified utterance variable
do KOhA3 you pro-sumti: you listener(s); identified by vocative
do'o KOhA3 you and others pro-sumti: you the listener & others unspecified
ko KOhA3 imperative pro-sumti: you (imperative); make it true for you, the listener
ma'a KOhA3 we with you pro-sumti: me/we the speaker(s)/author(s) & you the listener(s) & others unspecified
mi KOhA3 me pro-sumti: me/we the speaker(s)/author(s); identified by self-vocative
mi'a KOhA3 we, not you pro-sumti: me/we the speaker(s)/author(s) & others unspecified, but not you, the listener
mi'o KOhA3 me and you pro-sumti: me/we the speaker(s)/author(s) & you the listener(s)
fo'a KOhA4 it-6 pro-sumti: he/she/it/they #6 (specified by goi)
fo'e KOhA4 it-7 pro-sumti: he/she/it/they #7 (specified by goi)
fo'i KOhA4 it-8 pro-sumti: he/she/it/they #8 (specified by goi)
fo'o KOhA4 it-9 pro-sumti: he/she/it/they #9 (specified by goi)
fo'u KOhA4 it-10 pro-sumti: he/she/it/they #10 (specified by goi)
ko'a KOhA4 it-1 pro-sumti: he/she/it/they #1 (specified by goi)
ko'e KOhA4 it-2 pro-sumti: he/she/it/they #2 (specified by goi)
ko'i KOhA4 it-3 pro-sumti: he/she/it/they #3 (specified by goi)
ko'o KOhA4 it-4 pro-sumti: he/she/it/they #4 (specified by goi)
ko'u KOhA4 it-5 pro-sumti: he/she/it/they #5 (specified by goi)
vo'a KOhA4 x1 it pro-sumti: repeats 1st place of main bridi of this sentence
vo'e KOhA4 x2 it pro-sumti: repeats 2nd place of main bridi of this sentence
vo'i KOhA4 x3 it pro-sumti: repeats 3rd place of main bridi of this sentence
vo'o KOhA4 x4 it pro-sumti: repeats 4th place of main bridi of this sentence
vo'u KOhA4 x5 it pro-sumti: repeats 5th place of main bridi of this sentence
ra KOhA5 recent sumti pro-sumti: a recent sumti before the last one, as determined by back-counting rules
ri KOhA5 last sumti pro-sumti: the last sumti, as determined by back-counting rules
ru KOhA5 earlier sumti pro-sumti: a remote past sumti, before all other in-use backcounting sumti
ta KOhA6 that there pro-sumti: that there; nearby demonstrative it; indicated thing/place near listener
ti KOhA6 this here pro-sumti: this here; immediate demonstrative it; indicated thing/place near speaker
tu KOhA6 that yonder pro-sumti: that yonder; distant demonstrative it; indicated thing far from speaker&listener
ke'a KOhA7 relativized it pro-sumti: relativized sumti (object of relative clause)
ma KOhA7 sumti ? pro-sumti: sumti question (what/who/how/why/etc.); appropriately fill in sumti blank
zi'o KOhA7 nonexistent it pro-sumti: fills a sumti place, deleting it from selbri place structure;changes selbri semantics
zo'e KOhA7 unspecif it pro-sumti: an elliptical/unspecified value; has some value which makes bridi true
zu'i KOhA7 typical it pro-sumti: the typical sumti value for this place in this relationship; affects truth value
ce'u KOhA8 lambda pseudo-quantifier binding a variable within an abstraction that represents an open place
ku KU end sumti elidable terminator: end description, modal, or negator sumti; often elidable
ku'e KUhE end mex forethought elidable terminator: end mathematical (mex) forethought (Polish) expression; often elidable
ku'o KUhO end relative clause elidable terminator: end NOI relative clause; always elidable, but preferred in complex clauses
la LA that named name descriptor: the one(s) called ... ; takes name or selbri description
la'i LA the set of named name descriptor: the set of those named ... ; takes name or selbri description
lai LA the mass of named name descriptor: the mass of individual(s) named ... ; takes name or selbri description
la'e LAhE the referent of the referent of (indirect pointer); uses the referent of a sumti as the desired sumti
lu'a LAhE the individuals of the members of the set/components of the mass; converts another description type to individuals
lu'e LAhE the symbol for the symbol for (indirect discourse); uses the symbol/word(s) for a sumti as the desired sumti
lu'i LAhE the set composed of the set with members; converts another description type to a set of the members
lu'o LAhE the mass composed of the mass composed of; converts another description type to a mass composed of the members
tu'a LAhE the bridi implied by extracts a concrete sumti from an unspecified abstraction; equivalent to le nu/su'u [sumti] co'e
vu'i LAhE the sequence of sumti qualifier: the sequence made from set or composed of elements/components; order is vague
ce'a LAU font shift 2-word letteral/shift: the word following indicates a new font (e.g. italics, manuscript)
lau LAU punctuation mark 2-word letteral/shift: punctuation mark or special symbol follows
tau LAU shift next lerfu 2-word letteral/shift: change case for next letteral only
zai LAU select alphabet 2-word letteral/shift: alternate alphabet selector follows
le LE the described non-veridical descriptor: the one(s) described as ...
le'e LE the stereotypical non-veridical descriptor: the stereotype of those described as ...
le'i LE the set described non-veridical descriptor: the set of those described as ..., treated as a set
lei LE the mass described non-veridical descriptor: the mass of individual(s) described as ...
lo LE the really is veridical descriptor: the one(s) that really is(are) ...
lo'e LE the typical veridical descriptor: the typical one(s) who really is(are) ...
lo'i LE the set really is veridical descriptor: the set of those that really are ..., treated as a set
loi LE the mass really is veridical descriptor: the mass of individual(s) that is(are) ...
le jaica LE* the time of description: marks description extracting the time tense place of the description bridi
le jaigau LE* the agent in description: marks description extracting the agentive place of the description selbri
le jaivi LE* the location of description: marks description extracting the location place of the description bridi
ledo LE* your described as possessive/associative descriptor: the one(s) described as, of yours
leko'a LE* it-1's described as possessive/associative descriptor: the one(s) described as, of it-1's
lemi LE* my described as possessive/associative descriptor: the one(s) described as, of mine
leta LE* that one's possessive/associative descriptor: nearby demonstrative possessive; cannot use for 'THAT ...'
leti LE* this one's possessive/associative descriptor: immediate demonstrative possessive; cannot use for 'THIS ...'
letu LE* the yonder one's possessive/associative descriptor: distant demonstrative possessive
leva LE* that there located descriptor: descriptive that-there (non-demonstrative)
levi LE* this here located descriptor: descriptive this-here (non-demonstrative)
levu LE* that yonder located descriptor: descriptive that-yonder (non-demonstrative)
le'u LEhU end error quote end quote of questionable or out-of-context text; not elidable
li LI the number the number/evaluated expression; convert number/operand/evaluated math expression to sumti
me'o LI the mex the mathematical expression (unevaluated); convert unevaluated mathematical expression to sumti
li'u LIhU end quote elidable terminator: end grammatical quotation; seldom elidable except at end of text
lo'o LOhO end mex sumti elidable terminator: end math express.(mex) sumti; end mex-to-sumti conversion; usually elidable
lo'u LOhU error quote start questionable/out-of-context quote; text should be Lojban words, but needn't be grammatical
lu LU quote start grammatical quotation; quoted text should be grammatical on its own
lu'u LUhU end sumti qualifiers elidable terminator: end of sumti qualifiers; usually elidable except before a sumti
ma'o MAhO operand to operator convert letteral string or other mathematical expression (mex) operand to mex operator
mai MAI sentence ordinal utterance ordinal suffix; converts a number to an ordinal, such as an item or paragraph number
mo'o MAI section ordinal higher-order utterance ordinal suffix; converts a number to ordinal, usually a section/chapter
nomo'o MAI* section 0 discursive utterance ordinal: zeroth section/chapter ordinal; foreword
pamai MAI* firstly discursive: first utterance ordinal
pamo'o MAI* section 1 discursive utterance ordinal: first section/chapter ordinal
remai MAI* secondly discursive: second utterance ordinal
romai MAI* lastly discursive utterance ordinal: finally; last utterance ordinal
me ME sumti to selbri convert sumti to selbri/tanru element; x1 is specific to [sumti] in aspect x2
me'u MEhU end sumti to selbri elidable terminator: end sumti that was converted to selbri; usually elidable
mo'e MOhE sumti to operand convert sumti to mex operand; sample use in story arithmetic: [3 apples] + [3 apples] = what
mo'i MOhI space motion mark motions in space-time
cu'o MOI probability selbri convert number to probability selbri; event x1 has probability (n) of occurring under cond. x2
mei MOI cardinal selbri convert number to cardinality selbri; x1 is the mass formed from set x2 whose n member(s) are x3
moi MOI ordinal selbri convert number to ordinal selbri; x1 is (n)th member of set x2 ordered by rule x3
si'e MOI portion selbri convert number to portion selbri; x1 is an (n)th portion of mass/totality x2; (cf. gunma)
bimei MOI* is a octet quantifier selbri: convert 8 to cardinal selbri; x1 is a set with the octet of members x2
bimoi MOI* is eighth among quantified selbri: convert 8 to ordinal selbri; x1 is eighth among x2 ordered by rule x3
cimei MOI* is a trio quantifier selbri: convert 3 to cardinal selbri; x1 is a set with the trio of members x2
cimoi MOI* is third among quantified selbri: convert 3 to ordinal selbri; x1 is third among x2 ordered by rule x3
da'amoi MOI* is penultimate among quantified selbri: converts all-but-(1) to ordinal selbri; x1 is penultimate among x2 by rule x3
da'aremoi MOI* is antepenultimate quantified selbri: converts all-but-2 to ordinal selbri; x1 is antepenult. among x2 by rule x3
du'emei MOI* is too many quantifier selbri: convert too many to cardinal selbri; x1 is a set with too many members x2
mumei MOI* is a quintet quantifier selbri: convert 5 to cardinal selbri; x1 is a set with the quintet of members x2
mumoi MOI* is fifth among quantified selbri: convert 5 to ordinal selbri; x1 is fifth among x2 ordered by rule x3
pamei MOI* is singular quantified selbri: convert 1 to cardinal selbri; x1 is a set with single/sole/only member x2
pamoi MOI* is first among quantified selbri: convert 1 to ordinal selbri; x1 is first among x2 ordered by rule x3
panomei MOI* is a decade quantifier selbri: convert 10 to cardinal selbri; x1 is a set with the decade of members x2
panomoi MOI* is tenth among quantified selbri: convert 10 to ordinal selbri; x1 is tenth among x2 ordered by rule x3
panonomei MOI* is a century quantifier selbri: convert 100 to cardinal selbri; x1 is a set with the century of members x2
paremei MOI* is a dozen quantified selbri: convert 12 to cardinal selbri; x1 is a set with a dozen members x2
pimucu'o MOI* has even odds quantified selbri: convert .5 to probability selbri; event x1 has a 50/50 chance under cond. x2
piresi'e MOI* is a fifth portion quantified selbri: convert .2 = 1/5 to portion selbri; x1 is 1/5 of mass/totality x2
pirosi'e MOI* is the whole of quantified selbri: converts all-of to portion selbri; x1 is the whole portion of mass x2
raumei MOI* are enough quantified selbri: converts enough to cardinal; x1 is a set with members x2, enough by std. x3
raumoi MOI* is enoughth among quantified selbri: converts enough to ordinal; x1 is enoughth among x2, order rule x3
remei MOI* is a pair quantified selbri: convert 2 to cardinal selbri; x1 is a set with the pair of members x2
remoi MOI* is second among quantified selbri: convert 2 to ordinal selbri; x1 is second among x2 ordered by rule x3
renomei MOI* is a score quantifier selbri: convert 20 to cardinal selbri; x1 is a set with the score of members x2
romoi MOI* is last among quantified selbri: is final among; convert all to ordinal selbri; x1 is last among x2, rule x3
so'imei MOI* is a bunch quantified selbri: convert many to cardinal; x1 is a set with many members x2 of total set x3
somoi MOI* is ninth among quantified selbri: convert 9 to ordinal selbri; x1 is ninth among x2 ordered by rule x3
su'oremei MOI* is plural quantified selbri: convert at least 2 to cardinal selbri; x1 is a set with plural membership x2
su'oremoi MOI* is at least second quantified selbri: convert at least 2 to ordinal selbri; x1 is at-least-2nd among x2 by rule x3
vomoi MOI* is fourth among quantified selbri: convert 4 to ordinal selbri; x1 is fourth among x2 ordered by rule x3
xamoi MOI* is sixth among quantified selbri: convert 6 to ordinal selbri; x1 is sixth among x2 ordered by rule x3
zemoi MOI* is seventh among quantified selbri: convert 7 to ordinal selbri; x1 is seventh among x2 ordered by rule x3
ja'a NA bridi affirmer bridi logical affirmer; scope is an entire bridi
na NA bridi negator bridi contradictory negator; scope is an entire bridi; logically negates in some cmavo compounds
je'a NAhE scalar affirmer scalar affirmer; denies scalar negation: Indeed!
na'e NAhE scalar contrary contrary scalar negator: other than ...; not ...; a scale or set is implied
no'e NAhE scalar midpoint not midpoint scalar negator: neutral point between je'a and to'e; "not really"
to'e NAhE polar opposite polar opposite scalar negator
na'u NAhU selbri to operator convert selbri to mex operator; used to create less-used operators using le'avla, lujvo, etc.
nai NAI negate last word attached to cmavo to negate them; various negation-related meanings
ni'e NIhE selbri to operand convert selbri to mex operand; used to create new non-numerical quantifiers; e.g. "herd" of oxen
ni'o NIhO new topic discursive: paragraph break; introduce new topic
no'i NIhO old topic discursive: paragraph break; resume previous topic
noi NOI incidental clause non-restrictive relative clause; attaches subordinate bridi with incidental information
poi NOI restrictive clause restrictive relative clause; attaches subordinate bridi with identifying information to a sumti
voi NOI descriptive clause non-veridical restrictive clause used to form complicated le-like descriptions using "ke'a"
du'u NU bridi abstract abstractor: predication/bridi abstractor; x1 is predication [bridi] expressed in sentence x2
jei NU truth abstract abstractor: truth-value abstractor; x1 is truth value of [bridi] under epistemology x2
ka NU property abstract abstractor: property/quality abstractor (-ness); x1 is quality/property exhibited by [bridi]
li'i NU experience abstract abstractor: experience abstractor; x1 is x2's experience of [bridi] (participant or observer)
ni NU amount abstract abstractor: quantity/amount abstractor; x1 is quantity/amount of [bridi] measured on scale x2
nu NU event abstract abstractor: generalized event abstractor; x1 is state/process/achievement/activity of [bridi]
si'o NU concept abstract abstractor: idea/concept abstractor; x1 is x2's concept of [bridi]
su'u NU unspecif abstract abstractor: generalized abstractor (how); x1 is [bridi] as a non-specific abstraction of type x2
sedu'u NU* sentence abstract compound abstractor: sentence/equation abstract; x1 is text expressing [bridi] which is x2
mu'e NU1 point-event abstract abstractor: achievement (event) abstractor; x1 is the event-as-a-point/achievement of [bridi]
pu'u NU1 process abstract abstractor: process (event) abstractor; x1 is process of [bridi] proceeding in stages x2
za'i NU1 state abstract abstractor: state (event) abstractor; x1 is continuous state of [bridi] being true
zu'o NU1 activity abstract abstractor: activity (event) abstractor; x1 is abstract activity of [bridi] composed of x2
nu'a NUhA operator to selbri convert mathematical expression (mex) operator to a selbri/tanru component
nu'i NUhI start fore termset start forethought termset construct; marks start of place structure set with logical connection
nu'u NUhU end fore termset elidable terminator: end forethought termset; usually elidable except with following sumti
biki'o PA* 8,000 number/quantity: 8,000 expressed with comma
bino PA* 80 number/quantity: 80 [eighty]
binono PA* 800 number/quantity: 800 [eight hundred]
binonovo PA* 8004 number/quantity: 8004, without comma
ciki'o PA* 3,000 number/quantity: 3,000 expressed with comma
cino PA* 30 number/quantity: 30 [thirty]
cinono PA* 300 number/quantity: 300 [three hundred]
ji'ima'u PA* rounded up rounded up (appended after string of digits indicating a rounded value)
ji'ini'u PA* rounded down rounded down (appended after string of digits indicating a rounded value)
muki'o PA* 5,000 number/quantity: 5,000 expressed with comma
muno PA* 50 number/quantity: 50 [fifty]
munono PA* 500 number/quantity: 500 [five hundred]
pabi PA* 18 number/quantity: 18 [eighteen]
paci PA* 13 number/quantity: 13 [thirteen]
paki'o PA* 1,000 number/quantity: 1,000 expressed with comma
pamu PA* 15 number/quantity: 15 [fifteen]
pano PA* 10 number/quantity: 10 [ten]
panono PA* 100 number/quantity: 100 [one hundred]
papa PA* 11 number/quantity: 11 [eleven]
pare PA* 12 number/quantity: 12 [twelve]
paso PA* 19 number/quantity: 19 [nineteen]
pavo PA* 14 number/quantity: 14 [fourteen]
paxa PA* 16 number/quantity: 16 [sixteen]
paze PA* 17 number/quantity: 17 [seventeen]
pidu'e PA* too much of number: too much of
piji'i PA* approximately all of number: approximately all of
pimo'a PA* too little of number: too little of
piro PA* all of number: all of
piso'a PA* almost all of number: almost all of
piso'i PA* much of number: much of
piso'u PA* a little of number: a little of
pisu'o PA* at least some of number: at least some of
reki'o PA* 2,000 number/quantity: 2,000 expressed with comma
reno PA* 20 number/quantity: 20 [twenty]
renono PA* 200 number/quantity: 200 [two hundred]
soki'o PA* 9,000 number/quantity: 9,000 expressed with comma
sono PA* 90 number/quantity: 90 [ninety]
sonono PA* 900 number/quantity: 900 [nine hundred]
sosoce'i PA* 99 percent number/quantity: 99% (number)
sozepimu PA* 97.5 number/quantity: 97.5
voki'o PA* 4,000 number/quantity: 4,000 expressed with comma
vono PA* 40 number/quantity: 40 [forty]
vonono PA* 400 number/quantity: 400 [four hundred]
xaki'o PA* 6,000 number/quantity: 6,000 expressed with comma
xano PA* 60 number/quantity: 60 [sixty]
xanono PA* 600 number/quantity: 600 [six hundred]
xavoki'o PA* 64,000 number/quantity: 64,000 expressed with comma
zeki'o PA* 7,000 number/quantity: 7,000 expressed with comma
zeno PA* 70 number/quantity: 70 [seventy]
zenono PA* 700 number/quantity: 700 [seven hundred]
bi PA1 8 digit/number: 8 (digit) [eight]
ci PA1 3 digit/number: 3 (digit) [three]
mu PA1 5 digit/number: 5 (digit) [five]
no PA1 0 digit/number: 0 (digit) [zero]
pa PA1 1 digit/number: 1 (digit) [one]
re PA1 2 digit/number: 2 (digit) [two]
so PA1 9 digit/number: 9 (digit) [nine]
vo PA1 4 digit/number: 4 (digit) [four]
xa PA1 6 digit/number: 6 (digit) [six]
ze PA1 7 digit/number: 7 (digit) [seven]
dau PA2 hex digit A digit/number: hex digit A (decimal 10) [ten]
fei PA2 hex digit B digit/number: hex digit B (decimal 11) [eleven]
gai PA2 hex digit C digit/number: hex digit C (decimal 12) [twelve]
jau PA2 hex digit D digit/number: hex digit D (decimal 13) [thirteen]
rei PA2 hex digit E digit/number: hex digit E (decimal 14) [fourteen]
vai PA2 hex digit F digit/number: hex digit F (decimal 15) [fifteen]
ce'i PA3 percent digit/number: % percentage symbol, hundredths
fi'u PA3 fraction slash digit/number: fraction slash; default "/n" => 1/n, "n/" => n/1, or "/" alone => golden ratio
ki'o PA3 number comma digit/number: number comma; thousands
ma'u PA3 positive number digit/number: plus sign; positive number; default any positive
me'i PA3 less than digit/number: less than
ni'u PA3 negative number digit/number: minus sign; negative number); default any negative
pi PA3 decimal point digit/number: radix (number base) point; default decimal
pi'e PA3 digit separator digit/number:separates digits for base >16, not current standard, or variable (e.g. time, date)
ra'e PA3 repeating decimal digit/number: repeating digits (of a decimal) follow
za'u PA3 greater than digit/number: greater than
da'a PA4 all except digit/number: all except n; all but n; default 1
du'e PA4 too many digit/number: too many; subjective
ji'i PA4 approximately digit/number: approximately (default the typical value in this context) (number)
mo'a PA4 too few digit/number: too few; subjective
rau PA4 enough digit/number: enough; subjective
ro PA4 each digit/number: each, all
so'a PA4 almost all digit/number: almost all (digit/number)
so'e PA4 most digit/number: most
so'i PA4 many digit/number: many
so'o PA4 several digit/number: several
so'u PA4 few digit/number: few
su'e PA4 at most digit/number: at most (all); no more than
su'o PA4 at least digit/number: at least (some); no less than
ci'i PA5 infinity digit/number: infinity; followed by digits => aleph cardinality
ka'o PA5 imaginary i digit/number: imaginary i; square root of -1
no'o PA5 typical value digit/number: typical/average value
pai PA5 pi digit/number: pi (approximately 3.1416...)
te'o PA5 exponential e digit/number: exponential e (approx 2.71828...)
tu'o PA5 null operand digit/number: null operand (used in unary operations); a non-specific/elliptical number
xo PA5 number ? digit/number: number/digit/lerfu question
pe'e PEhE termset conn mark marks the following connective as joining termsets
pe'o PEhO fore mex operator forethought flag for mathematical expression (mex) Polish (forethought) operator
ba PU after time tense relation/direction: will [selbri]; after [sumti]; default future tense
ca PU during time tense relation/direction: is [selbri]; during/simultaneous with [sumti]; present tense
pu PU before time tense relation/direction: did [selbri]; before/prior to [sumti]; default past tense
baba PU* will be going to time tense: will be going to; (tense/modal)
baca'a PU* will actually time tense: future actuality; modal aspect
bapu PU* will have been time tense: will have been; (tense/modal)
ca ma PU* when? sumti question asking for a time/date/event; simultaneous with what?
caca'a PU* currently is time tense: present actuality; modal aspect
cajeba PU* during and after time tense: during and after; (tense/modal)
puba PU* was going to time tense: was going to; (tense/modal)
puca'a PU* actually was time tense: past actuality; modal aspect
pujeba PU* before and after time tense: before and after; (tense/modal)
pujeca PU* before and during time tense: before and during; (tense/modal)
pupu PU* had earlier been time tense: had earlier been; (tense/modal)
puza PU* a medium time before time tense: a medium time before; (tense/modal)
puze'a PU* for a period in past time tense: for a medium length interval some time in the past; (tense/modal)
puze'i PU* for a moment in past time tense: for a short interval some time in the past; (tense/modal)
puze'u PU* for an era in past time tense: for a long interval some time in the past; (tense/modal)
puzi PU* a short time before time tense: a short time before; (tense/modal)
puzu PU* a long time before time tense: a long time before; (tense/modal)
ra'o RAhO pro-assign update flag GOhA to indicate pro-assignment context updating for all pro-assigns in referenced bridi
re'u ROI ordinal tense converts number to an objectively quantified ordinal tense interval modifier; defaults to time
roi ROI quantified tense converts number to an objectively quantified tense interval modifier; defaults to time tense
ci'iroi ROI* infinite times tense interval modifier: occurs infinite times, eternally; objective tense; defaults as time
ciroi ROI* thrice tense interval modifier: thrice; objectively quantified tense; defaults as time tense
du'eroi ROI* too many times tense interval modifier: too many times objective tense, defaults as time tense
fe'enoroi ROI* nowhere location tense interval modifier: never in space; objectively quantified tense
fe'eroroi ROI* everywhere location tense interval modifier: always in space; objectively quantified tense
mo'aroi ROI* too few times tense interval modifier: too few times; objective tense; defaults as time tense
noroi ROI* never tense interval modifier: never; objectively quantified tense; defaults as time tense
paroi ROI* once tense interval modifier: once; objectively quantified tense; defaults as time tense
piso'iroi ROI* much of the time tense interval modifier: often; objectively quantified tense; defaults as time tense
piso'uroi ROI* rarely tense interval modifier: rarely; objectively quantified tense; defaults as time tense
reroi ROI* twice tense interval modifier; objectively quantified tense; defaults as time tense
roroi ROI* always tense interval modifier: always; objectively quantified tense; defaults as time tense
so'eroi ROI* usually tense interval modifier: usually; objectively quantified tense; defaults as time tense
so'iroi ROI* many times tense interval modifier: many times; objective tense; defaults as time tense
so'uroi ROI* a few times tense interval modifier: a few times; objective tense; defaults as time tense
sa SA erase utterance erase complete or partial utterance; next word shows how much erasing to do
se SE 2nd conversion 2nd conversion; switch 1st/2nd places
te SE 3rd conversion 3rd conversion; switch 1st/3rd places
ve SE 4th conversion 4th conversion; switch 1st/4th places
xe SE 5th conversion 5th conversion; switch 1st/5th places
jaica SE* time conversion convert time tense (tagged) place to 1st place; 1st place moves to extra place (fai)
jaigau SE* agent conversion makes x1 the agent of a bridi; old 1st place moves to extra place (fai)
jaivi SE* location conversion convert location tense (tagged) place to 1st place; 1st place moves to extra place (fai)
se'u SEhU end discursive elidable terminator: end discursive bridi or mathematical precedence;usually elidable
sei SEI discursive bridi start discursive (metalinguistic) bridi
ti'o SEI mex precedence mathematical expression (mex) operator precedence (discursive)
si SI erase word erase the last Lojban word, treating non-Lojban text as a single word
soi SOI reciprocal sumti discursive: reciprocal sumti marker; indicates a reciprocal relationship between sumti
su SU erase discourse erase to start of discourse or text; drop subject or start over
di'i TAhE regularly tense interval modifier: regularly; subjective tense/modal; defaults as time tense
na'o TAhE typically tense interval modifier: characteristically/typically; tense/modal; defaults as time tense
ru'i TAhE continuously tense interval modifier: continuously; subjective tense/modal; defaults as time tense
ta'e TAhE habitually tense interval modifier: habitually; subjective tense/modal; defaults as time tense
di'inai TAhE* irregularly tense interval modifier: irregularly/aperiodically; tense/modal; defaults as time tense
na'onai TAhE* atypically tense interval modifier: atypically; subjective tense/modal; defaults as time tense
ru'inai TAhE* occasionally tense interval modifier: occasional/intermittent/discontinuous; defaults as time tense
ta'enai TAhE* non-habitually tense interval modifier: non-habitually; subjective tense/modal; defaults as time tense
te'u TEhU end mex converters elidable terminator: end conversion between non-mex and mex; usually elidable
tei TEI composite lerfu composite letteral follows; used for muti-character letterals
to TO start parenthesis left parenthesis; start of parenthetical note which must be grammatical Lojban text
to'i TO editorial unquote open editorial unquote (within a quote); contains grammatical text; mark with editorial insert
toi TOI end parenthesis elidable terminator: right parenthesis/end unquote; seldom elidable except at end of text
tu'e TUhE start text scope start of multiple utterance scope; used for logical/non-logical/ordinal joining of sentences
tu'u TUhU end text scope elidable terminator: end multiple utterance scope; seldom elidable
.a'acu'i UI*1 inattentive attitudinal: attentive - inattentive - avoiding
.a'anai UI*1 avoiding attitudinal: attentive - inattentive - avoiding
.a'enai UI*1 exhaustion attitudinal: alertness - exhaustion
.a'icu'i UI*1 no special effort attitudinal: effort - no special effort - repose
.a'inai UI*1 repose attitudinal: effort - no special effort - repose
.a'onai UI*1 despair attitudinal: hope - despair
.a'ucu'i UI*1 disinterest attitudinal: interest - disinterest - repulsion
.a'unai UI*1 repulsion attitudinal: interest - disinterest - repulsion
.aicu'i UI*1 indecision attitudinal: intent - indecision - rejection/refusal
.ainai UI*1 refusal attitudinal: intent - indecision - rejection/refusal
.aucu'i UI*1 indifference attitudinal: desire - indifference - reluctance
.aunai UI*1 reluctance attitudinal: desire - indifference - reluctance
.e'anai UI*1 prohibition attitudinal: permission - prohibition
.e'enai UI*1 incompetence attitudinal: competence - incompetence/inability
.e'icu'i UI*1 independence attitudinal: feeling constraint - independence - challenge/resistance against constraint
.e'inai UI*1 challenge attitudinal: feeling constraint - independence - challenge/resistance against constraint
.e'onai UI*1 negative request attitudinal: request - negative request
.e'ucu'i UI*1 abandon suggestion attitudinal: suggestion - abandon suggest - warning
.e'unai UI*1 warning attitudinal: suggestion - abandon suggest - warning
.einai UI*1 freedom attitudinal: obligation - freedom
.i'anai UI*1 blame attitudinal: acceptance - blame
.i'ecu'i UI*1 non-approval attitudinal: approval - non-approval - disapproval
.i'enai UI*1 disapproval attitudinal: approval - non-approval - disapproval
.i'inai UI*1 privacy attitudinal: togetherness - privacy
.i'onai UI*1 envy attitudinal: appreciation - envy
.i'unai UI*1 mystery attitudinal: familiarity - mystery
.iacu'i UI*1 skepticism attitudinal: belief - skepticism - disbelief
.ianai UI*1 disbelief attitudinal: belief - skepticism - disbelief
.ienai UI*1 disagreement attitudinal: agreement - disagreement
.iinai UI*1 security attitudinal: fear - security
.ionai UI*1 disrespect attitudinal: respect - disrespect
.iucu'i UI*1 no love lost attitudinal: love - no love lost - hatred
.iunai UI*1 hatred attitudinal: love - no love lost - hatred
.o'acu'i UI*1 modesty attitudinal: pride - modesty/humility - shame
.o'anai UI*1 shame attitudinal: pride - modesty/humility - shame
.o'enai UI*1 distance attitudinal: closeness - distance
.o'inai UI*1 rashness attitudinal: caution - rashness
.o'ocu'i UI*1 mere tolerance attitudinal: patience - mere tolerance - anger
.o'onai UI*1 anger attitudinal: patience - mere tolerance - anger
.o'ucu'i UI*1 composure attitudinal: relaxation - composure - stress
.o'unai UI*1 stress attitudinal: relaxation - composure - stress
.oinai UI*1 pleasure attitudinal: complaint - pleasure
.oire'e UI*1 spiritual complaint attitudinal: spiritual/religious complaint
.oiro'a UI*1 embarrassment attitudinal: social complaint
.oiro'e UI*1 puzzlement attitudinal: mental complaint (puzzlement, excess mental work)
.oiro'i UI*1 anxiety attitudinal: emotional complaint
.oiro'o UI*1 physical pain attitudinal: physical complaint
.oiro'u UI*1 sexual complaint attitudinal: sexual complaint
.u'anai UI*1 loss attitudinal: gain - loss
.u'enai UI*1 commonplace attitudinal: wonder - commonplace
.u'inai UI*1 weariness attitudinal: amusement - weariness
.u'ocu'i UI*1 timidity attitudinal: courage - timidity - cowardice
.u'onai UI*1 cowardice attitudinal: courage - timidity - cowardice
.u'ucu'i UI*1 lack of regret attitudinal: repentance - lack of regret - innocence
.u'unai UI*1 innocence attitudinal: repentance - lack of regret - innocence
.uanai UI*1 confusion attitudinal: discovery - confusion/searching
.uecu'i UI*1 not very surprised attitudinal: surprise - not really surprised - expectation axis
.uenai UI*1 expectation attitudinal: surprise - expectation
.uepei UI*1 surprised? attitudinal: surprise question
.uinai UI*1 unhappiness attitudinal: happiness - unhappiness
.uonai UI*1 incompleteness attitudinal: completion - incompleteness
.uunai UI*1 cruelty attitudinal: pity - cruelty
ba'acu'i UI*2 I experience evidential: I expect - I experience - I remember
ba'anai UI*2 I remember evidential: I expect - I experience - I remember
su'anai UI*2 I particularize evidential: I generalize - I particularize; discursive: abstractly - concretely
ba'ucu'i UI*3 accuracy discursive: exaggeration - accuracy - understatement
ba'unai UI*3 understatement discursive: exaggeration - accuracy - understatement
bi'unai UI*3 old information discursive: newly introduced information - previously introduced information
da'inai UI*3 in fact discursive: supposing - in fact
do'anai UI*3 parsimoniously discursive: generously - parsimoniously
je'unai UI*3 falsity discursive: truth - falsity
ke'unai UI*3 continuing discursive: repeating - continuing
la'anai UI*3 improbability discursive: probability - improbability
li'anai UI*3 obscurely discursive: clearly - obscurely
mu'acu'i UI*3 omitting examples discursive: for example - omitting - end examples
mu'anai UI*3 concluding examples discursive: for example - omitting - end examples
pa'enai UI*3 prejudice discursive: justice - prejudice
paunai UI*3 rhetorical question discursive: unreal/rhetorical question follows
ra'ucu'i UI*3 equally discursive: chiefly - equally - incidentally
ra'unai UI*3 incidentally discursive: chiefly - equally - incidentally
sa'enai UI*3 loosely speaking discursive: precisely speaking - loosely speaking
sa'unai UI*3 elaborating discursive: simply - elaborating
ta'onai UI*3 return to main point discursive: by the way - returning to main point
to'unai UI*3 in detail discursive: in brief - in detail
va'inai UI*3 in the same words discursive: in other words - in the same words
zu'unai UI*3 on the other hand discursive: on the one hand - on the other hand
ta'unai UI*3a expanding the tanru discursive: making a tanru - expanding the tanru
re'enai UI*4 sacrilege emotion category/modifier: spiritual/worship - sacrilege
ro'anai UI*4 antisocial emotion category/modifier: social - antisocial
ro'enai UI*4 mindless emotion category/modifier: mental - mindless
ro'inai UI*4 denying emotion emotion category/modifier: emotional - denying emotion
ro'onai UI*4 denying physical emotion category/modifier: physical - denying physical
ro'unai UI*4 sexual abstinence emotion category/modifier: sexual - sexual abstinence
be'ucu'i UI*5 presence attitudinal modifier: lack/need - presence/satisfaction - satiation
be'unai UI*5 satiation attitudinal modifier: lack/need - presence/satisfaction - satiation
fu'inai UI*5 difficult attitudinal modifier: easy - difficult
ga'icu'i UI*5 equal rank attitudinal modifier/honorific: hauteur - equal rank - meekness; used with one of equal rank
ga'inai UI*5 meekness attitudinal modifier/honorific: hauteur - equal rank - meekness; used with one of higher rank
ju'ocai UI*5 quite certain attitudinal modifier: intense certainty
ju'ocu'i UI*5 uncertainty attitudinal modifier: certainty - uncertainty - impossibility
ju'onai UI*5 impossibility attitudinal modifier: certainty - uncertainty - impossibility
le'ocu'i UI*5 passive attitudinal modifier: aggressive - passive - defensive
le'onai UI*5 defensive attitudinal modifier: aggressive - passive - defensive
ri'enai UI*5 restraint of emotion attitudinal modifier: release of emotion - emotion restraint
se'anai UI*5 dependency attitudinal modifier: self-sufficiency - dependency
se'inai UI*5 other-oriented attitudinal modifier: self-oriented - other-oriented
vu'enai UI*5 sin attitudinal modifier: virtue - sin
zo'ocu'i UI*5 dully attitudinal modifier: humorously - dully - seriously
zo'onai UI*5 seriously attitudinal modifier: humorously - dully - seriously
ju'opei UI*6 how certain? attitudinal: certainty question
ki'anai UI*6 understanding non-question: understanding of something said
bu'ocu'i UI*7 continue emotion attitudinal contour: start emotion - continue emotion - end emotion
bu'onai UI*7 end emotion attitudinal contour: start emotion - continue emotion - end emotion
.a'a UI1 attentive attitudinal: attentive - inattentive - avoiding (cf. jundi, rivbi)
.a'e UI1 alertness attitudinal: alertness - exhaustion (cf. sanji, cikna, tatpi)
.a'i UI1 effort attitudinal: effort - no special effort - repose (cf. gunka, slunandu, guksurla, troci, selprogunka)
.a'o UI1 hope attitudinal: hope - despair (cf. pacna)
.a'u UI1 interest attitudinal: interest - disinterest - repulsion (cf. cinri, selcni)
.ai UI1 intent attitudinal: intent - indecision - rejection/refusal (cf. termu'i, terzu'e, seljdi, selcu'a)
.au UI1 desire attitudinal: desire - indifference - reluctance (cf. djica)
.e'a UI1 permission attitudinal: granting permission - prohibiting (cf. curmi)
.e'e UI1 competence attitudinal: competence - incompetence/inability (cf. kakne, certu)
.e'i UI1 constraint attitudinal: feeling constraint - independence - challenge/resistance against constraint (cf. selri'u, seljimte)
.e'o UI1 request attitudinal: request - negative request (cf. cpedu, pikci)
.e'u UI1 suggestion attitudinal: suggestion - abandon suggest - warning (cf. stidi, kajde)
.ei UI1 obligation attitudinal: obligation - freedom (cf. bilga, zifre)
.i'a UI1 acceptance attitudinal: acceptance - blame (cf. nalna'e, nalpro, no'epro, nalzugjdi)
.i'e UI1 approval attitudinal: approval - non-approval - disapproval (cf. zanru)
.i'i UI1 togetherness attitudinal: togetherness - privacy (cf. kansa, gumna, sivni, sepli)
.i'o UI1 appreciation attitudinal: appreciation - envy (cf. ckire, jilra)
.i'u UI1 familiarity attitudinal: familiarity - mystery (cf. slabu, nalni'o, kufra)
.ia UI1 belief attitudinal: belief - skepticism - disbelief (cf. krici, jinvi)
.ie UI1 agreement attitudinal: agreement - disagreement (cf. tugni)
.ii UI1 fear attitudinal: fear - security (cf. terpa, snura)
.io UI1 respect attitudinal: respect - disrespect (cf. sinma)
.iu UI1 love attitudinal: love - no love lost - hatred (cf. prami)
.o'a UI1 pride attitudinal: pride - modesty/humility - shame (cf. jgira, cumla, ckeji)
.o'e UI1 closeness attitudinal: closeness - distance (cf. cnijbi, cnikansa)
.o'i UI1 caution attitudinal: caution - rashness (cf. capyrivbi, capfanta, srerivbi, srefanta, naldarsi, seljde)
.o'o UI1 patience attitudinal: patience - mere tolerance - anger (cf. fengu, to'ersteba, de'acni
.o'u UI1 relaxation attitudinal: relaxation - composure - stress (cf. surla, cnilanxe, dunku)
.oi UI1 complaint attitudinal: complaint - pleasure (cf. pante, pluka, kufra)
.u'a UI1 gain attitudinal: gain - loss (cf. jinga, selne'u, prali, cirko)
.u'e UI1 wonder attitudinal: wonder - commonplace (cf. manci, fadni)
.u'i UI1 amusement attitudinal: amusement - weariness (cf. selzdi, selxajmi, xalbo)
.u'o UI1 courage attitudinal: courage - timidity - cowardice (cf. virnu)
.u'u UI1 repentance attitudinal: repentance - lack of regret - innocence (cf. xenru, zugycni)
.ua UI1 discovery attitudinal: discovery - confusion/searching (cf. facki, cfipu, sisku)
.ue UI1 surprise attitudinal: surprise - not really surprised - expectation (cf. spaji)
.ui UI1 happiness attitudinal: happiness - unhappiness (cf. gleki)
.uo UI1 completion attitudinal: completion - incompleteness (cf. mulno, mansa, fanmo, snada)
.uu UI1 pity attitudinal: pity - cruelty (cf. kecti)
ba'a UI2 I anticipate evidential: I expect - I experience - I remember (cf. bavykri, lifri, morji)
ca'e UI2 I define evidential: I define (cf. mitcu'a, mitsmu)
ja'o UI2 I conclude evidential: I conclude (cf. selni'i, ni'ikri)
ju'a UI2 I state evidential: I state - (default) elliptical/non-specific basis (cf. xusra)
ka'u UI2 I know culturally evidential: I know by cultural means (myth or custom) (cf. kluju'o)
pe'i UI2 I opine evidential: I opine (subjective claim) (cf. jinvi)
ru'a UI2 I postulate evidential: I postulate (cf. sruma)
se'o UI2 I know internally evidential: I know by internal experience (dream, vision, or personal revelation) (cf. senva)
su'a UI2 I generalize evidential: I generalize - I particularize; discursive: abstractly - concretely (cf. sucta, sucni'i)
ti'e UI2 I hear evidential: I hear (hearsay) (cf. tirna, sitna, tcidu)
za'a UI2 I observe evidential: I observe (cf. zgana, lanli)
ba'u UI3 exaggeration discursive: exaggeration - accuracy - understatement (cf. satci, dukse)
da'i UI3 supposing discursive: supposing - in fact (cf. sruma)
do'a UI3 generously discursive: generously - parsimoniously (cf. dunda)
je'u UI3 truth discursive: truth - falsity (cf. jetnu)
ke'u UI3 repeating discursive: repeating - continuing (cf. refbasna, krefu, rapli, velde'a)
la'a UI3 probability discursive: probability - improbability (cf. lakne)
li'a UI3 clearly discursive: clearly - obscurely (cf. klina)
mu'a UI3 for example discursive: for example - omitting - end examples (cf. mupli)
pa'e UI3 justice discursive: justice - prejudice (cf. tcinydracu'a, tcinydrapai, vudypai)
ra'u UI3 chiefly discursive: chiefly - equally - incidentally (cf. ralju, vajni)
sa'e UI3 precisely speaking discursive: precisely speaking - loosely speaking (cf. satci, jibni)
sa'u UI3 simply speaking discursive: simply - elaborating (cf. sampu, pluja)
ta'o UI3 by the way discursive: by the way - returning to main point (cf. denpa, cneterta'a)
to'u UI3 in brief discursive: in brief - in detail (cf. tordu, clani, tcidu)
va'i UI3 in other words discursive: in other words - in the same words (cf. cneselsku)
zu'u UI3 on the one hand discursive: on the one hand - on the other hand (cf. karbi, frica. dukti)
bi'u UI3a new information discursive: newly introduced information - previously introduced information (cf. nindatni, saurdatni)
jo'a UI3a metalinguistic yes discursive: metalinguistic affirmer (cf. drani)
kau UI3a indirect question discursive: marks word serving as focus of indirect question: "I know WHO went to the store"
li'o UI3a omitted text discursive: omitted text (quoted material)
na'i UI3a metalinguistic not discursive: metalinguistic negator (cf. naldra, nalmapti)
pau UI3a question follows discursive: optional question premarker (cf. preti)
sa'a UI3a editorial insertion discursive: material inserted by editor/narrator (bracketed text) (cf. setca)
ta'u UI3a making a tanru discursive: making a tanru - expanding the tanru (cf. tanru)
ji'a UI3b in addition discursive: additionally (cf. jmina)
ku'i UI3b however discursive: however/but/in contrast (cf. karbi, dukti, nalpanra)
mi'u UI3b ditto discursive: ditto (cf. mintu)
po'o UI3b uniquely discursive: uniquely, only, solely: the only relevant case (cf. pamei, mulno, frica)
si'a UI3b similarly discursive: similarly (cf. simsa, panra)
pe'a UI3c figurative marks a construct as figurative (non-literal/metaphorical) speech/text
re'e UI4 spiritual emotion category/modifier: religious/spiritual/worship - sacrilege (cf. lijda)
ro'a UI4 social emotion category/modifier: social - antisocial (cf. jikca)
ro'e UI4 mental emotion category/modifier: mental - mindless (cf. menli)
ro'i UI4 emotional emotion category/modifier: emotional - denying emotion (cf. cinmo)
ro'o UI4 physical emotion category/modifier: physical - denying physical (cf. xadni)
ro'u UI4 sexual emotion category/modifier: sexual - sexual abstinence (cf. cinse)
be'u UI5 lack attitudinal modifier: lack/need - presence/satisfaction - satiation (cf. claxu, nitcu, mansa)
dai UI5 empathy attitudinal modifier: marks empathetic use of preceding attitudinal; shows another's feelings (cf. cnijmi)
fu'i UI5 easy attitudinal modifier: easy - difficult (cf. frili)
ga'i UI5 hauteur attitudinal modifier/honorific: hauteur - equal rank - meekness; used with one of lower rank (cf. gapru, cnita)
ju'o UI5 certainty attitudinal modifier: certainty - uncertainty - impossibility (cf. birti, cumki)
le'o UI5 aggressive attitudinal modifier: aggressive - passive - defensive (cf. gunta, bandu)
ri'e UI5 release of emotion attitudinal modifier: release of emotion - emotion restraint (cf. cniri'u, cnicru)
se'a UI5 self-sufficiency attitudinal modifier: self-sufficiency - dependency (cf. sezysei, kantcu)
se'i UI5 self-oriented attitudinal modifier: self-oriented - other-oriented (cf. sevzi, drata)
vu'e UI5 virtue attitudinal modifier: virtue - sin (cf. vrude, zungi)
zo'o UI5 humorously attitudinal modifier: humorously - dully - seriously (cf. xajmi, junri)
ge'e UI6 unspecif emotion attitudinal: elliptical/unspecified/non-specific emotion; no particular feeling
ki'a UI6 textual confusion attitudinal question: confusion about something said (cf. cfipu, kucli)
xu UI6 true-false ? discursive: true-false question
bu'o UI7 start emotion attitudinal contour: start emotion - continue emotion - end emotion
va VA there at location tense distance: near to ... ; there at ...; a medium/small distance from ...
vi VA here at location tense distance: here at ... ; at or a very short/tiny distance from ...
vu VA yonder at location tense distance: far from ... ; yonder at ... ; a long distance from ...
vi ma VA* where? sumti question asking for a location: at/near what?
vau VAU end simple bridi elidable: end of sumti in simple bridi; in compound bridi, separates common trailing sumti
ve'a VEhA small space interval location tense interval: a small/medium region of space
ve'e VEhA whole space interval location tense interval: the whole of space
ve'i VEhA tiny space interval location tense interval: a tiny region of space
ve'u VEhA big space interval location tense interval: a large region of space
ve'o VEhO right bracket right mathematical bracket
vei VEI left bracket left mathematical bracket
vi'a VIhA 2-space interval dimensionality of space interval tense: 2-space interval; throughout an area
vi'e VIhA 4-space interval dimensionality of space interval tense: 4-space interval; throughout a spacetime
vi'i VIhA 1-space interval dimensionality of space interval tense: 1-space interval; along a line
vi'u VIhA 3-space interval dimensionality of space interval tense: 3-space interval; throughout a space
vu'o VUhO long scope relative joins relative clause/phrase to complete complex or logically connected sumti in afterthought
fu'u VUhU0 unspecif operator n-ary mathematical operator: elliptical/unspecified mathematical expression (mex) operator
ge'a VUhU0 null operator mathematical operator: null mathematical expression (mex) operator (used in >2-ary ops)
fe'i VUhU1 divided by n-ary mathematical operator: divided by; division operator; [(((a / b) / c) / ...)]
pi'i VUhU1 times n-ary mathematical operator: times; multiplication operator; [(((a * b) * c) * ...)]
su'i VUhU1 plus n-ary mathematical operator: plus; addition operator; [(((a + b) + c) + ...)]
vu'u VUhU1 minus n-ary mathematical operator: minus; subtraction operator; [(((a - b) - c) - ...)]
fa'i VUhU2 reciprocal of unary mathematical operator: reciprocal; multiplicative inverse; [1/a]
gei VUhU2 exponential notation trinary mathematical operator: order of magnitude/value/base; [b * (c to the a power)]
ju'u VUhU2 number base binary mathematical operator: number base; [a interpreted in the base b]
pa'i VUhU2 ratio binary mathematical operator: ratio; [the ratio of a to b]
te'a VUhU2 to the power binary mathematical operator: to the power; exponential; [a to the b power]
cu'a VUhU3 absolute value unary mathematical operator: absolute value/norm |a|
de'o VUhU3 logarithm binary mathematical operator: logarithm; [log/ln a to base b]; default base 10 or e
fe'a VUhU3 nth root of binary mathematical operator: nth root of; inverse power [a to the 1/b power]
ne'o VUhU3 factorial unary mathematical operator: factorial; a!
va'a VUhU3 additive inverse unary mathematical operator: additive inverse; [- a]
pi'a VUhU4 matrix of rows n-ary mathematical operator: operands are vectors to be treated as matrix rows
re'a VUhU4 transpose unary mathematical operator: matrix transpose/dual; A*
ri'o VUhU4 integral trinary mathematical operator: [integral of a with respect to b over range c]
sa'i VUhU4 matrix of columns n-ary mathematical operator: operands are vectors to be treated as matrix columns
sa'o VUhU4 derivative trinary mathematical operator: [derivative of a with respect to b of degree c]
si'i VUhU4 sigma summation trinary mathematical operator: [sigma summation of a using variable b over range c]
xi XI subscript subscript; attaches a numer of letteral string following as a subscript onto grammar structures
.y Y hesitation hesitation noise; maintains the floor while speaker decides what to say next
ba'o ZAhO perfective interval event contour: in the aftermath of ...; since ...; perfective | |----
ca'o ZAhO continuative interval event contour: during ...; continuative |-----|
co'a ZAhO initiative interval event contour: at the starting point of ...; initiative >|< |
co'i ZAhO achievative interval event contour: at the instantaneous point of ...; achievative; point event >|<
co'u ZAhO cessative interval event contour: at the ending point of ... even if not done; cessative | >< |
de'a ZAhO pausative event contour for a temporary halt and ensuing pause in a process
di'a ZAhO resumptitive event contour for resumption of a paused process
mo'u ZAhO completive interval event contour: at the natural ending point of ...; completive | >|<
pu'o ZAhO anticipative interval event contour: in anticipation of ...; until ... ; inchoative ----| |
za'o ZAhO superfective interval event contour: continuing too long after natural end of ...; superfective | ---->
baca'o ZAhO* will be then time tense: will be then; (tense/modal)
caba'o ZAhO* has been time tense: has been, is now in the aftermath of; (tense/modal)
caca'o ZAhO* is now time tense: is now/simultaneously, is now in the middle of; (tense/modal)
capu'o ZAhO* is going to time tense: is going to, is now just about to, is now anticipating; (tense/modal)
fe'eba'o ZAhO* beyond location event contour tense: perfective in space; beyond the place of ...
fe'eca'o ZAhO* throughout location event contour tense: continuative in space; throughout the place of ...
fe'eco'a ZAhO* on this edge of location event contour tense: initiative in space; on this edge of ...
fe'eco'i ZAhO* at the point of location event contour tense: achievative in space; at the point of ...
fe'emo'u ZAhO* at the far end of location event contour tense: completive in space; at the far end of ...
fe'epu'o ZAhO* up to the edge of location event contour tense: anticipative in space; up to the edge of ...
fe'eza'o ZAhO* continuing too far location event contour tense: superfective in space; continuing too far beyond ...
puca'o ZAhO* was then time tense: was then; (tense/modal)
ze'a ZEhA medium time interval time tense interval: a medium length of time
ze'e ZEhA whole time interval time tense interval: the whole of time
ze'i ZEhA short time interval time tense interval: an instantaneous/tiny/short amount of time
ze'u ZEhA long time interval time tense interval: a long amount of time
ze'aba ZEhA* for a while after time tense: a medium time interval offset towards the future; (tense/modal)
ze'aca ZEhA* for a while during time tense: a medium time interval spanning the present; (tense/modal)
ze'apu ZEhA* for a while before time tense: a medium time interval offset towards the past; (tense/modal)
zei ZEI lujvo glue joins preceding and following words into a lujvo
za ZI medium time time tense distance: medium distance in time
zi ZI short time time tense distance: instantaneous-to-short distance in time
zu ZI long time time tense distance: long distance in time
zi'e ZIhE rel clause joiner joins relative clauses which apply to the same sumti
zo ZO 1-word quote quote next word only; quotes a single Lojban word (not a cmavo compound or tanru)
zo'u ZOhU end prenex marks end of logical prenex quantifiers/topic identification and start of sentence bridi
la'o ZOI the non-Lojban named delimited non-Lojban name; the resulting quote sumti is treated as a name
zoi ZOI non-Lojban quote delimited non-Lojban quotation; the result treated as a block of text