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habarakhe4 eskriviw: > So would one use qut.r for 'independent state'? > For the record, I don't yet know how the Islamic portion of al- > Wiraniyya is divided politically. I think al-Fid.d.a is important, > though. I think yes. My dictionary mentions _al-qut.ru 's-suuriyyu_ "Syria". Farsi dictionary also contains this word _qotr_, and one of its meanings is "country" (though marked as obsolete; in 1930-70s Farsi underwent serious disArabization). > I'm using two semi-competent dictionaries. One seems to give > Egyptian pronunciation. The other - I don't know what dialect that > is. > (FI is an entire world - I can't afford to buy all the necessary > reference materials). The best way is to consult a Modern Standard Arabic material. Looking for Arabic borrowings in Farsi, Turkic et sim. helps me too. > The mnemonics are in part to help me remember where is where (the > curse of the inventive conlanger/conculturer). The calques also > allow others such as you to critique it! Ah! Entiendo. Or, in Ajami, _fahmo_. > > > Rio Grand do Sul Nahr al-Kibir al-Kibli > > > > nahr ul-kabi:r (wa:di l-kabi:r) uj-janu:bi: > > qibla merely mean "direction to Mecca", which is *not* south here. > > Blast those cultural distinctions. Janubi is what I had before. I > suppose that baha:ri: is north only in Egyptian Arabic, then? janu:b is a MnStAr name for "south" I didn't find the word _baHa:ri:_ in my dic (9,400 entries, alas!) As _baHr_ indeed means "sea", I would expect this to be an Egyptism too. MnStAr for "north" is _s^ama:l_ or _s^ima:l_, the latter attested in Farsi: _shemâl_. That's all for now, I'm glad we can help each other, once again I beg your pardon for misnaming you, tale bueno, -- Yitzik