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classifiers



The classifiers are straightforward except "ya" (deictics), "yo" (epistemic modals), and "yu" (deontic modals).  

In L the deictics are based on the person (1..7) and type (personal pronoun, personal possessive adjective, demonstrative adjective, locative, and temporal).  I have created new modifiers for the deictics.  The numeric modifiers (0 da, 1 de, 2 di, 3 do, 4 du, 5 fa, 6 fe, 7 fi, 8 fo, 9 fu) are different from L, and are too long to fit into a short deictic word.  I have used the consonants f k p t v x z instead.  The types are marked by the five vowels a e i o u.

The modals were done similar to the deictics: new modifiers (same consonants as the deictics, but the vowels are simply in alphabetical order to avoid too much similarity).  I would prefer using yo'V/yu'V, but there aren't enough simple vowels to handle all eight epistemic modalities.

Note the classifier for anaphors (L 'h') is "ru".

ba primate
be carnivore
bi large grazing mammal
bo sea mammal
bu other mammal
ca bird
ce snake
ce'u other reptile
ci amphibian
co fish
cu other vertebrate
da insect
de arthropod
du other animal
fa tree/shrub
fe farm/garden plant
fu other plant
ga animal organ
ge other body part
gi bodily state
go wound/growth
gu other living matter & energy
ha non-living phenomenon
he vehicle
hi weapon/explosive device
ho electrical component
hu other powered device
ja element/compound
je plant/animal substance
ju other natural substance
ka natural body of water
ke other natural location
ki inorganic thing
ku natural thing
la processed food substance
le metal/li solid/lo liquid/lu other other artificial substance
ma section of building
me building(s)/place of business
mi political area
mu other artificial location (typically infrastructure)
na food item
ne/ne'o musical instrument device/instrument/tool
ni clothing
no furniture
nu social item
pa container/pe conduit container/conduit
pi separator/barrier
po small accessory
pu other artificial item
qa god/qa'u mind living energy
qe non-living energy (count noun)
qi non-living energy (mass noun)
qo point in time
qu period of time
ra group/organization
re group member
ri profession/endeavor
ro symbol/shape
ru anaphor equivalent to L "h"
sa protocol/standard/system
se measure
si complete performance
so performance component
su performance attribute
su'a opposite of performance attribute
ta speech act
te activity
ti involuntary act
tu other act
va mental state
va'a opposite of mental state
ve physical relation
vi other scalar relationship
vi'a opposite of other scalar relationship
vo measurable physical state
vo'a antonym of measurable physical state
vu other scalar non-relational state
vu'a antonym of other scalar non-relational state
wa kinship relation
wa'o social/economic/political relation
we exchange/transfer verb
we'a opposite of exchange/transfer verb
wi arithmetic function
wo relational locative
wo'a opposite of relational locative
wu other binary relational state
wu'a opposite of other binary relational state
xa color
xe living entity attribute
xe'a opposite of living entity attribute
xu other binary non-relational state
xu'a opposite of other binary non-relational state
ya fa 1st person personal pronoun
ya fe 1st person personal possessive adjective
ya fi 1st person demonstrative adjective
ya fo 1st person locative deictic
ya fu 1st person temporal deictic
ya ka 2nd person personal pronoun
ya ke 2nd person personal possessive adjective
ya ki 2nd person demonstrative adjective
ya ko 2nd person locative deictic
ya ku 2nd person temporal deictic
ya pa 3rd person personal pronoun
ya pe 3rd person personal possessive adjective
ya pi 3rd person demonstrative adjective
ya po 3rd person locative deictic
ya pu 3rd person temporal deictic
ya ta 4th person personal pronoun
ya te 4th person personal possessive adjective
ya ti 4th person demonstrative adjective
ya to 4th person locative deictic
ya tu 4th person temporal deictic
ya va 5th person personal pronoun
ya ve 5th person personal possessive adjective
ya vo 5th person locative deictic
ya vu 5th person temporal deictic
ya xa 6th person personal pronoun
ya xe 6th person personal possessive adjective
ya xi 6th person demonstrative adjective
ya xo 6th person locative deictic
ya za 7th person personal pronoun
ya ze 7th person personal possessive adjective
ya zi 7th person demonstrative adjective
ya zo 7th person locative deictic
ye present tense
ye'a past tense
ye'e past+present tense
ye'i present+future tense
ye'o future tense
ye'u unspecified tense
yo epistemic probability modality
yofa epistemic evidentiality modality
yoke epistemic counterfactuality modality
yopi epistemic hedge modality
yoto epistemic reasonableness modality
yovu epistemic inevitability modality
yoxa epistemic acceptability modality
yoze epistemic significance modality
yu deontic obligation modality
yufi deontic necessity modality
yuko deontic consequentiality modality
za genitive/relative clause linker
ze true conjunction
zi numeric
zo true generic root
zu particle

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