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New Lang: Vowels



Considering the length, I'm sure I left something out. I hope it's 
not too cryptic. I've been working on HtmL documentation, but this 
part is critical, so I'd like to get comments.

Jeff

PHONOLOGY

Vowel Inventory

I haven't done a real phonemic analysis, but this should be close.

/i/  [i]
/e/  [e_o] --- That's supposed to be the diacritic for lowered.
/I/  [I]
/&/  [&]
/a/  [A], [V]
/O/  [O]
/o/  [o]   --- might be an allophone of /o~/
/u/  [u]
/y/  [8]
/j/  [j]
/w/  [w]
/i~/ [i~]
/&~/ [&~]
/a~/ [A~]
/o~/ [o~]
/y~/ [8~]
The nasal vowels and [o] are always long.
[&] occurs only in long syllables.
[V] occurs only in short unobstructed syllables.
[I] is always extra short.
The glides probably aren't separate phonemes.

Diphthongs

/ei/  [e_oi]
/ai/  [Ai]
/oi/  [Oi]
/au/  [&u]
/ao~/ [&o~]
/wi/  [wi:]
/wei/ [we_oi]
/w&/  [w&:]
/ja/  [jA:]

Other diphthongs beginning with /j/ and /w/ are possible.

Syllables

Long Unobstructed:      (C)VV or (C)V:
Long Obstructed:        (C)VC
Short Unobstructed:     (C)V
Short Obstructed:       CVC     --- V can only be /I/
Extra Short:            CV      --- V can only be /I/

The stressed syllable is always long and either has a high-steady 
tone (H) or a high-falling-to-low tone (HL). Unstressed syllables 
have low tones (L). This is of course a simplification WRT actual 
pitches.

ORTHOGRAPHY

I've been looking at 2 possible orthographies. The difference is in  
the rounded vowels. The unrounded vowels are:

/i/  |i|
/e/  |e|, |ë|
/I/  |e|
/&/  |ae| (written |æ| where possible)
/a/  |a|
/ei/ |ei|
/ai/ |ai|
/j/  |i|        --- before a vowel
/i~/ |in|, |im|
/&~/ |en|, |em|
/a~/ |an|, |am|
|m| is used for marking nasal vowels before |p| or |b|, otherwise |n| 
is used. This holds for the rounded vowels as well.
|ë| is used in places where |e| would be pronounced /I/ or silent.

The rounded vowels that are the same for both are:

/o/   |o|       --- only before |mm| or |nn|
/w/   |u|, |ü|  --- before a vowel
/oi/  |oi|
/o~/  |on|, |om|
/ao~/ |aon|, |aom|
|ü| is used for /w/ in places where |u| is silent.

1st Alternative

/O/   |o|, |ö|
/u/   |u|
/y/   |y|
/au/  |au|
/y~/  |yn|, |ym|
|ö| is used in short syllables, since |o| would otherwise be long 
when unobstructed.

2nd Alternative

/O/   |au|, |o|, |ö|
/u/   |o|
/y/   |u|
/au/  |ao|
/y~/  |un|, |um|
|o| is used for /O/ only before |rr| or |r|C.
|ö| is used in short syllables, since |o| would otherwise be /u/
when unobstructed.

Accents

There are 3 additional vowel diacritics:
` grave         indicates a long unstressed vowel
' acute         indicates a stressed vowel
^ circumflex    indicates a stressed vowel

The circumflex may occur in the last or next-to-last syllable and 
always indicates HL tone. The acute may occur in any of the last 3 
syllables, but is used only when necessary (I haven't figured out all 
the rules yet). It indicates HL tone in the last syllable and H tone 
elsewhere.

The need to put diacritics on most vowels, especially /y/ is what 
motivated the 2nd alternative.