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I wrote: >> Where do all those forms with -u- come from >> anyway??? >> Fr., Ital, Romanian?, Catalan Adam Walker wrote: >Are you asking me? If so I don't think I understand >the question. What I meant was, how did they develop historically? Latin didn't have regular pp's in -utus. Yet Ital. regularly has -uto for -ere verbs: devere 'must', devuto; cadere 'fall' caduto, avere 'have', avuto,veduto 'seen' etc.; and unexpected venire 'come' venuto. Likewise Catalan AFAIK and perhaps Romanian; and French, though there it's always hard to tell how "regular" they are-- venir, venu but devoir, d� (?) connaitre, connu etc. (And Proven�al?) Perhaps there was a Latin pseudo-participial ~adjectival -utus, that seems to survive in Span. barbudo 'bearded', peludo, Fr. poilu 'hairy'. But it seems a limited usage......... Well, I'll consult Elcock and see what he has to say.