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If we go with all non-particles being verbs and requiring some particle to convert them into nouns, it seems that there are many categories of nouns that should be derived from verbs. Arabic does this a lot. It seems that the following are the minimum number of derived forms that need to be covered: verb: to cut verbal noun: the act of cutting instance: a cut actor: a cutter (person) instrument: a cutter (blade or machine) Arabic also has a way of deriving a place of action from a verbal root. This might be useful in some cases, e.g., for the verb "to sell". Some of these will be more obvious with other examples: verb: to sell verbal noun: the act of selling instance: a sale actor: a salesperson instrument: n/a place: a store, market verb: to saw verbal noun: the act of sawing instance: a saw cut actor: a sawyer instrument: a saw place: a sawmill? There might also be a use for a noun of faculty: verb: to see verbal noun: the act of seeing instance: a sighting actor: a seer (person) instrument: a scope place: ? faculty: vision In particular, I would avoid creating new morphemes where derived forms would work. Given the limited morpheme structure, it's probably best not to waste them unnecessarily. There are several existing Ceqli forms that already work: verbal noun: -ka instance: ? actor: -pe instrument: -ju place: -jay faculty: ? -- Mike Wright http://www.CoastalFog.net ____________________________________________________________ "The difference between theory and practice is that, in theory, there is no difference between theory and practice; in practice, however, there is." -- Anonymous