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+------------------------------------- | Attention: Jan | This is my new email address! +------------------------------------- The rest of the phonology and orthography (except for whatever I've missed). More comments welcome. INVENTORY The phonemes here are also preliminary. /p/ [p] /b/ [b] /t/ [t_d], [t] --- alveolar only after apical fricative /d/ [d_d], [d] --- alveolar only after apical fricative /k/ [k] /g/ [g] /f/ [f] /v/ [v] /T/ [s_m] /D/ [z_m] /s/ [s_a], [S`] --- retroflex only before retroflex affricate /z/ [z_a], [Z`] --- retroflex only before retroflex affricate /S/ [S] /Z/ [Z] /C/ [C] /L/ [j\] /m/ [m] /n/ [n_d], [n] --- alveolar only after apical fricative /J/ [J] /N/ [N] /l/ [l_d], [l] --- alveolar only after apical fricative /r/ [r], [4] --- flap only in cluster Note: [t], [d], [n], [l] without diacritic are specifically alveolar. Geminates: /rr/ [r:] Affricates: /tT/ [t_ds_m)] /dD/ [d_dz_m)] /ts/ [ts_a)] /dz/ [dz_a)] /tr/ [t`S`)] --- recently derived from /tr/ /dr/ [d`Z`)] --- recently derived from /dr/ I analyze the following labiovelars as consonant + glide here, despite the phonetics. /kw/ [k_w] OR [kw] /gw/ [g_w] OR [gw] /Nw/ [N_w] OR [Nw] The other clusters that can occur in syllable onsets are: /pl/, /bl/, /fl/, /kl/, /gl/, /pr/, /br/, /fr/, /kr/, /gr/ I think the /s/ in the S-clusters (e.g. /spl/) belongs to the preceding syllable. ORTHOGRAPHY Note: The front vowels are defined as being those written as |i|, |e|, and |ae| (or |æ|). In all other cases, |a| is not counted as a front vowel. /p/ |p| /b/ |b| /t/ |t| /d/ |d| /ts/ |c| before front vowel, otherwise |ce| /dz/ |g| before front vowel, otherwise |ge| /k/ |qu| before front vowel, otherwise |c| /g/ |gu| before front vowel, otherwise |g| /kw/ |cu| /gw/ |gü| before front vowel, otherwise |gu| /f/ |f| /v/ |v| /T/ |z| initial* or next to voiceless consonant; otherwise |zz| /D/ |z| /s/ |s| initial* or next to voiceless consonant; otherwise |ss| /z/ |s| /tT/ |tz| /dD/ |dz| /S/ |x| /Z/ |j| /C/ |lh| /L/ |ll| /m/ |mm| after some long vowels, otherwise |m| /n/ |ne| when final, otherwise |n| (only before a vowel) /J/ |nh| /N/ |nn| after long vowel, otherwise |n| (only before /w/) /Nw/ |nu| /l/ |l| /r/ |r| /rr/ |rr| /tr/ |tr| /dr/ |dr| * except that initial |z| and |s| before vowels are lenis and might be better classified as "voiced". One of the shakier bits involves |lh|, which derives from VL lj, and |ll|, which derives from VL ll when next to a fully front vowel. I suppose at this point I should congratulate anybody who's read this far, and the post on vowels. Jeff