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En réponse à Anton Sherwood :
But perhaps <quart> and <quint> are learned forms rather than vernacular.
Nope, they used to be vernacular (although they were replaced later on with forms in -ième). But what happened with QUINQUE and QUINTUS becoming "cinq" [sE~k] (ending still pronounced here) and "quint" [kE~t] (at the time it was used, the endings were probably still pronounced) is that QUINQUE dissimilated into CINQUE [kiNkwe] because of the presence of the second [kw]. QUINTUS didn't have this influence and thus didn't change. Afterwards, they both followed the normal sound changes, with /k/ getting palatalised by the following /i/, while /kw/ was immune to palatalisation and lost its labialisation only when palatalisation was not active anymore.
Christophe Grandsire. http://rainbow.conlang.free.frYou need a straight mind to invent a twisted conlang.