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NWR (New World Romance): Phonology Consonants Stops: m_b, p, n_d, t, k, g, ' [?] Affricate: dZ Fricatives: v, S, h Lateral and Flap: l, r Nasals: m, n, J, N Semi-Vowels: j, w Vowels i, e, a, o, y [1] i_n, e_n, a_n, o_n, y_n (nasal versions) Stress Generally on the final vowel or diphthong; if so, it is unmarked. Morphology and Syntax NWR has no grammatical gender. The disappearance of the accusative singular case endings of Proto-NWR (PNWR) left the masculine and feminine forms of PNWR forms identical: dominus, a > rumn Articles Indefinite The singular indefinite article is huw < PNWR solu/a. The plural indefinite article is il < PNWR ill. huw byel a girl; il byel girls. Definite The singular definite article is id < PNWR hic. The plural indefinite article is ib < PNWR ipsu. id byel the girl; ib byel the girls. Number There are no plural markers in NWR. Genitive Construction The `genitive' word precedes the nominative word. Every combination of articles is allowed. id babo id bedas `the hat of father' (lit., the father the hat) ar (<PNWR ad) is used to mark a direct or indirect object, and also as a locative marker: id dan nedaje id hew.ar `the dog (dan) kills (nedaje) the cat (hew.ar)'. id hum dunaje fid hurd.ar `the man (hum) gives (dunaje) maize (fid) to the pig (hurd.ar)'. li.dyvidyl.ar `in (ar) his (li) room (dyvidyl)'. ib li.man.ar `in (ar) his (li) hands (ib ? man)'. -ku (< PNWR quo (ablative)) is an ablative suffix. ?ku becomes ?Nu following a nasal vowel: wud.ku.ne 'y.enije `where are you coming from?' (wud where; ne interrogative particle; 'y- 2nd person sg pronoun marker; enij come). e.enije vele_n.Nu `I come from (New) Bethlehem' (e 1st pl sg pronoun marker; vele_n < PNWR Bethlehem (bellem)). Adjective Adjective follows noun: huw hurd nejj herud `a wild (herud) black (nejj) pig'. nutej tam_by hywdjih `our (nutej) lovely (hywdjih) country (tam_by)'. A comparative is made with ka_n? ku: li.e'a'.ka_n mi.e'a'.ku `he is older than I' (lit., his age (e'a') than from my (mi) age) Pronouns Subject, possessive, direct, and indirect object sets are distinguished. S P D ID sg 1 ej mi me meka_n 2 'y 'ivi 'e 'eka_n 3 ly li lyar lyarka_n pl 1 (incl) nuh nutej nuhar nuharka_n 1 (excl) nutjy nutjy nutjar nutjark_an 2 uh uvih uhar uharka_n 3 ib ibi ibar ibarka_n mi/'ivi id hord `my/your pig' nutej ib na' id ny_nmej `the number (ny_nmej) of the sons (ib na') of us (incl.) (nutej)' The base (`subject') forms take postpositions: ej.re `of me' ej.bju `for me' ej.dy_n `with me' Examples of pronominal subject/object: id irdin nuhar.hervaje `The Virgin cares for us' notjy 'e.miteje ekwehi.ar `we (excl.) send you to the church (ekwehi) ' Demonstrative Adjective TBA Interrogative Pronoun ki `who?'; ki.bju `what?' Numerals 1 yn 2 ryu 3 teh 4 katur 5 kiNe 6 he' 7 het 8 ut 9 nue_n 10 rete_n