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Dear friends!
After a very short section about the article - not present in Wenedyk - here's
a somewhat more substantial text about Venedian nouns.
I've had some difficulty in deciding whether or not to introduce a case system
into Wenedyk. No surviving Romance language has cases (except perhaps for some
traces in Romanian), but since Late/Vulgar Latin still had them (even if they
were rapidly decaying) and the Slavic languages have always had them, I don't
really see any reason why Wenedyk shouldn't have them.
So, there are four cases: nominative, genitive, dative, and accusative. The
Latin ablative disappeared, most of its functions adopted by the genitive.
Furthermore, there are three genders (masculine, feminine, neuter), and three
declensions.
The first declension consists of all words with the ending -a, almost all of
which are feminine. This declension corresponds of course with the Latin first
declension.
I. hard stems soft stems
roza "rose" fila "daughter"
sing. plur. sing. plur.
nom. roza rozy fila file
gen. rozy rozar fili filar
dat. roze rozysz file filisz
acc. rozã rozy filã file
When the word root ends with "k", "g", or "l", the genitive and plural ending
"-y" is substituted by "-i", while the dative singular ending "-e" is replaced
by "-ie" and the dative plural ending "-ysz" is replaced with "-isz". For
example _amika_ "girl friend" has _amiki_, _amikie_, _amikisz_.
The second declension consists of words ending in a consonant, most of which
derive from Latin words with the ending "-us" who belong either the second or
the fourth declension. It also includes most masculine words on "-er", for
example _pier_ "boy".
II. hard stems soft stems
dom "house" an' "year"
sing. plur. sing. plur.
nom. dom domy an' ani
gen. domu domór aniu aniór
dat. domi domysz ani anisz
acc. dom domy an' ani
The second declension also includes neuter nouns that derive from Latin words
with the ending "-um". It can be distinguished from masculine nouns of the same
declension only by the ending "-a" in the nominative and accusative plural.
II. hard stems soft stems
wad "path" muzej "museum"
sing. plur. sing. plur.
nom. wad wada muzej muzeja
gen. wadu wadór muzeju muzejór
dat. wadzi wadysz muzej muzejisz
acc. wad wada muzej muzeja
Please note that the dative singular ending "-i" leads to the softening of the
stem's final consonant. This his the following side-effects:
k + i becomes czy Example: _miedyk_ "doctor", dat. miedyczy
g + i becomes dz^y Example: _fag_ "birch", dat. fadz^y
t + i becomes ci Example: _kãt_ "song", dat. kãci
d + i becomes dzi Example: _wad_ "path", dat. wadzi
r + i becomes rzy Example: _libier_ "book", dat. librzy
£ + i becomes li Example: _okie£_ "eye", dat. okli
sz + i becomes szy Example: _kasz_ "case", dat. kaszy
cz + i becomes czy Example: _bracz_ "arm", dat. braczy
z^ + i becomes z^y Example: _chor£óz^_ "clock", dat. chor£oz^y
The third declension includes all masculine, feminine, and neuter nouns that do
not belong to the first or the second declension. It corresponds with both the
third and the fifth declension in Latin.
III. hard stems soft stems regular neuter
noc "night" mierzydz' "afternoon" kródz' "heart"
sing. plur. sing. plur. sing. plur.
nom. noc noce mierzydz' mierzydzie kródz' krodzia
gen. nocy nocu mierzydzi mierzydziu krodzi krodziu
dat. nocy nociusz mierzydzi mierzydziusz krodzi krodziusz
acc. noc noce mierzydz' mierzydzie kródz' krodzia
Special cases within the third declension are neuter nouns with the endings
"-iê"/"-ieny", "-usz"/"-ory", and "-usz"/"-iery":
III ending -miê ending -usz, -ory ending -usz, -iery
nomiê "name" cêpusz "time" (1) z^enusz "gender"
sing. plur. sing. plur. sing. plur.
nom. nomiê nomyna cêpusz cêpora z^enusz z^eniera
gen. nomieny nomynu cêpory cêporu z^eniery z^enieru
dat. nomieny nomyniusz cêpory cêporzusz z^eniery z^enierzusz
acc. nomiê nomyna cêpusz cêpora z^enusz z^eniera
(1) In accordance to its conjugation, words of this type are often misspelled
_cêpórz_; pronunciation would be the same.
Like _nomiê_ are declined: _w£umiê_ "river", _karmiê_ "singing",
_£umiê_ "light", _limiê_ "doorstep"
Like _cêpusz_ are declined: _korpusz_ "body", _litusz_ "beach",
_piektusz_ "chest"
Like _z^enusz_ are declined: _fiedusz_ "treaty", _£atusz_ (gen.
_£aciery_) "wing", _opusz_ "work".
About the Wenedyk/Polish characters:
ã should be read as a-ogonek
ê should be read as e-ogonek
z^ should be read as z with dot above
n' should be read as n-acutus
£ should be read as l-stroke
Comments?
Jan
=====
"Originality is the art of concealing your source." - Franklin P. Jones
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