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FaqSphinx wrote: > I find the distinction between ULTILITATIVE and INSTRUMENTAL addresses more > than one distinction at a time. [...] > Whether the noun is associated with a particular verb seems to be a separate > distinction from whether it is in progress or not. What if I use the gun to > accomplish an action but the action is not in progress? Well, I ignored any aspectual implications that the wording might have had, since it was about cases. My focus in the difference between Utilitative and Instrumental was about semantic roles. > The UTILITIATIVE might indicate that the item is in use without a particular > use being specified but one of RAM's voice changes should be able to cover > this for all oblique cases. With bus[anz/amb]ose for Utilitiative and bus[anz/amb]ome for Instrumental? Maybe. (What if I want to express the Utilitiative without any implications that I am using it _on_ something? Maybe with another A/P verb root meaning "use"?) -- Veoler