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"Stephan Schneider" <sts@hidden.email> wrote:
>
> It would be much better, if, instead of "twa [P/F-s case tag]", I could rea=
> d "twa[nzume]".
>
Sorry, but I disagree.
>
> There is no suffix meaning "disjunct", is there?
>
There is no suffix for deictic disjuncts. As for normal verbal
disjuncts, they can be created by using the appropriate voice suffix.
Example:
Sya juziko ligogyose kwempu gozwase
= The students are sad that the teacher died.
Sya juzikombe kwempu gozwase
= It's sad that the teacher died.
>
> Earlier in lesson 4 you said:=20
> Note that we can also use "fawma" to achieve a similar result. However, for=
> the sake of consistency, we will use the case-tag-to-verb construction rat=
> her than "fawma" in all future exercises.=20
>
> So the example should be:=20
> Sya datwama gizwapya dweku to pya.=20
>
I've changed it to read:
3. You can convert a case tag to a verb by simply changing its part of
speech to verb using the suffix "-ma":
Zawtwama dweti giku to fa.
Three bicycles were in the house.
Note that we can also use "fawma" to achieve a similar result:
Fawma dweti giku to zawtwa fa.
There were three bicycles in the house.
I'm not really sure if there is a difference in meaning. Perhaps, it's
just a difference in emphasis.
Thanks for pointing this out!
>
> Next: Is there a particular reason why we have so many different word order=
> s for different POSes?=20
> X cime Y: X preceding Y=20
> cima X Y: X precedes Y=20
> ci[disjunct] X: (precedingly) X=20
>
There is only one word order in Ladekwa. Ladekwa is perfectly right-
branching. This means that headwords of a phrase or clause always
precede their arguments or modifiers. This makes it easier to parse.
You prefer subject-verb-object (SVO) word order because it's closer to
your native language.
>
> Lesson 4:=20
> Jako pa dicanya.=20
> I want to go.=20
>
> I think I have asked this before (talking about Nasendi or Katanda), but, w=
> hat is the difference between=20
> "Jako pa dicanya" and "Jako pa dica pa"?=20
>
Either one is correct. Do you know of any natural languages that use
the second form?
>
> Sentences with infinitives have an implicit recursive nature: The subject o=
> f the want-verb is subject of the go-verb. Is this correct? Hm, but then th=
> is example:
>
No. The infinitive suffix simply indicates that the implied subject
appears in an outer clause.
>
> Lesson 4:=20
> Bwiki pa byubwipya gyotwa byefa.=20
> I heard the radio in front of the building.=20
>
> I am not sure if this sentence can be interpreted in three different ways, =
> but how do we express these three ways in Ladekwa explicitely without being=
> too verbose?
>
The English translation is ambiguous. It can have two meanings:
1. I was in front of the building when I heard the radio.
2. I heard the radio that is/was in front of the building.
There is no ambiguity in the Ladekwa sentence. It has meaning #1.
>
> * I heard the radio(, which is) in front of the building.=20
> * I heard (from someone), that the radio is in front of the building.=20
> * I heard the radio, so that I knew that it is in front of the building.=20
>
Your second and third interpretations are not valid. Your first
interpretation (which is the same as my #2) can be obtained by using
"gyotwamu" instead of "gyotwa".
>
> Lesson 4:=20
> I wonder how we can say, instead of:=20
>
> Did you tell some students that I changed my car into a truck?=20
> Tayne te dwepa ligogyose to butimpa pa ti foy?=20
>
> ... "Did you tell some students that I changed my cars into those trucks?"=
> =20
>
Use "cawmba":
Cawmba pa liti foy libuti jasi
= I changed my cars into those trucks.
Regards,
Rick Morneau
http://www.eskimo.com/~ram